TOPIC 2 GENERATE AND ANALYZE PATTERNS. Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6.
Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Lesson 1Lesson 1Understanding Science Lesson 2Lesson 2Measurement...
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Transcript of Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Lesson 1Lesson 1Understanding Science Lesson 2Lesson 2Measurement...
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Chapter Introduction
Lesson 1 Understanding Science
Lesson 2 Measurement and Scientific Tools
Lesson 3 Case Study
Chapter Wrap-Up
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What processes do scientists use when they perform scientific investigations?
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• What is scientific inquiry?
• How do scientific laws and scientific theories differ?
• What is the difference between a fact and an opinion?
Understanding Science
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• science
• observation
• inference
• hypothesis
• prediction
Understanding Science
• technology
• scientific theory
• scientific law
• critical thinking
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• Science is the investigation and exploration of natural events and of the new information that results from those investigations.
• Scientific knowledge is the result of a great deal of debate and confirmation within the science community.
• People use science in their everyday lives and careers.
What is science?
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There are three main branches of science—Earth science, life science, and physical science.
Branches of Science
physical
from Latin physica, means “study of nature”
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• The study of Earth, including rocks, soils, oceans, the atmosphere, and surface features of Earth, is Earth science.
• The study of living things is life science, or biology.
• The study of matter and energy—including both physics and chemistry—is physical science.
Branches of Science (cont.)
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Scientific Inquiry
Scientific inquiry is a process that uses a set of skills when they conduct scientific investigations to answer questions or to test ideas about the natural world.
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Scientific Inquiry (cont.)
Scientific inquiries include many possible steps.
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• Observation is the act of using one or more of your senses to gather information and taking notes of what occurs.
• An inference is a logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge or experience.
Scientific Inquiry (cont.)
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• A hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation that can be tested by scientific investigations.
• A prediction is a statement of what will happen next in
a sequence of
events.
Scientific Inquiry (cont.)
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• Scientists test a hypothesis by doing one or more of these steps: designing an experiment, making a model, gathering and evaluating evidence, collecting data, or recording observations.
• After testing your hypothesis, you analyze your results using various methods.
Scientific Inquiry (cont.)
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• Once you find the relationships among data and make several inferences, you can draw conclusions.
• A conclusion is a summary of the information gained from testing a hypothesis.
Scientific Inquiry (cont.)
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• An important part of scientific inquiry is communicating results.
• Scientists communicate their results to inform other scientists about their research.
Results of Science
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If predictions are correct and the hypothesis is supported, scientists will retest the predictions several times to make sure the conclusions are the same.
Scientific Inquiry (cont.)
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• Scientific investigation can have various outcomes, including new technology, new materials, and new explanations as to how or why something happens.
• Technology is the practical use of scientific knowledge, especially for industrial or commercial use.
Results of Science (cont.)
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• Another outcome of science is the development of scientific theories and laws.
• If hypotheses have been tested and supported repeatedly by scientific investigations they can become a theory.
• A scientific theory is an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations.
• A scientific law is a rule that describes a pattern in nature.
Results of Science (cont.)
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Scientific information constantly changes as new information is discovered or as previous hypotheses are retested.
New Information
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• Critical thinking is important in all decision making.
• Critical thinking refers to comparing what you already know with the information you are given in order to decide whether you agree with it.
• Scientists evaluate scientific evidence by using skepticism-doubting the truth or accuracy of statement-and by identifying facts and opinions.
• Scientists realize that not all questions can be studied using scientific inquiry, including those related to opinions, beliefs, values and feelings.
New Information (cont.)
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• It is very important for anyone performing scientific investigations to use safe practices.
• For information on safe practices, consult the Science Safety Skill Handbook in the back of your book.
New Information (cont.)
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A. scientific law
B. scientific theory
C. prediction
D. hypothesis
Which is an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations?
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A. Earth science
B. life science
C. physical science
D. biology
Which of these includes the study of physics and chemistry?
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A. prediction
B. hypothesis
C. inference
D. observation
Which term refers to the act of using one or more of your senses to gather information and taking notes of what occurs?