Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Lesson 1Lesson 1Solids, Liquids, and Gases Lesson 2Lesson 2Changes...
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Transcript of Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Lesson 1Lesson 1Solids, Liquids, and Gases Lesson 2Lesson 2Changes...
![Page 1: Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Lesson 1Lesson 1Solids, Liquids, and Gases Lesson 2Lesson 2Changes in State Lesson 3Lesson 3The Behavior of Gases Chapter.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649cfe5503460f949cedbb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter Introduction
Lesson 1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Lesson 2 Changes in State
Lesson 3 The Behavior of Gases
Chapter Wrap-Up
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What physical changes and energy changes occur as matter goes from one state to another?
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• How do particles move in solids, liquids, and gases?
• How are the forces between particles different in solids, liquids, and gases?
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
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• solid
• liquid
• viscosity
• surface tension
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
• gas
• vapor
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Two factors determine the state of matter:
Describing Matter
• the motion of the particles of the matter
• the forces between the particles of the matter
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• All particles have random motion; movement in all directions and at different speeds.
• Collisions of particles usually change the speed and direction of the particles’ movements.
Describing Matter (cont.)
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• In some matter, the particles move slowly.
• The particles vibrate in place.
• The attractive forces between the particle are strong.
Describing Matter (cont.)
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• In other matter, the particles move faster and slip past each other.
• The distance between the particles increases.
• The attractive forces between the particles are weaker.
Describing Matter (cont.)
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• In other matter, the particles move very fast.
• The distance between the particles is great.
• The attractive forces between the particles are very weak.
Describing Matter (cont.)
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• As the motion of the particles slows, the particles move closer. The attractive forces become stronger.
• As the motion of the particles increases, the particles move farther apart. The attractive forces become weaker.
Describing Matter (cont.)
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• A solid is matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.
• The attractive forces between the particles in a solid are strong and pull them close together.
Solids
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Solids (cont.)
Describe the movement of particles in a solid and the forces between them.
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Solids (cont.)
• Different particle arrangements give materials different properties.
• A diamond is a crystalline solid with particles arranged in a specific, repeating order. Charcoal is an amorphous solid with randomly arranged particles.
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• A liquid is matter with a definite volume but no definite shape.
• Liquids flow and can take the shape of their containers.
Liquids
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The particle motion in a liquid is faster than the particle motion in a solid.
Liquids (cont.)
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Viscosity is a measurement of a liquid’s resistance to flow.
Liquids (cont.)
Dr. Parvinder Sethi Scott Thomas/Getty Images
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• Molecules at the surface of a liquid have surface tension, the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.
• The surface tension of water enables certain insects to walk on the surface of a lake.
Liquids (cont.)
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Describe the movement of particles in a liquid and the forces between them.
Liquids (cont.)
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• A gas is matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape.
• Compared to the particles in the solid and the liquid states, the particles in gases are far apart.
Gases
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• In a gas, the forces of attraction between the particles are not strong enough to keep the particles close together.
• Because the particles in gas are moving quickly, the distance between particles increases, and the attractive forces between particles decreases.
• The gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature is called vapor.
Gases (cont.)
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• In some matter, particles can only vibrate in place. The particles are close together, and there are strong forces among them.
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• In other matter, the particles are far enough apart that particles can flow past other particles. The forces among these particles are weaker than those shown above.
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• In another group of matter, the particles are far apart and there is little or no attraction among the particles.
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A. solid
B. plasma
C. liquid
D. gas
Which describes matter with a definite volume but no definite shape?
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A. closer together
B. farther apart
C. slower moving
D. tightly packed
Compared to a liquid, which best describes the particles of a gas?
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Which term refers to the gas state of a substance that is a solid at room temperature?
A. plasma
B. surface tension
C. vapor
D. viscosity
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1. Particles moving at the same speed make up all matter.
2. The particles in a solid do not move.
Do you agree or disagree?