CHAPTER - IV PROFILE OF KOLHAPUR...

Profile of Kolhapur District

Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 117

CHAPTER - IV

PROFILE OF KOLHAPUR DISTRICT

4.1 Introduction:

Kolhapur District is one of in 35 districts in Maharashtra. It is the study

area selected for the present research work. In this chapter, the broad features

of the district have been given.

Kolhapur is famous by historical contribution of Rajarshi Chhatrapati

Shahu Maharaj, the king of Kolhapur state, who devoted his life for socio-

economic development of the region and for social revolution. He had taken

some efforts for entrepreneurship development and industrial development.

Kolhapur, a former princely state occupies a very important role in the

recent industrial history of western Maharashtra. It is also known as “Dakshin

Kashi” due to the famous temple of Mahalakshmi which is build over a

thousand years ago during the Chalukyas rule in the 7th century A. D. According

to the traditional account the town received its name from a demon named ‘Kol’

who was defeated by Goddess Mahalakshmi in the vicinity of the town. Others

have derived it from the Sanskrit word ‘Kalhar’ or the Kanarese ‘kolihu’ both

terms signifying the lotus, which it was said was abundantly to be found in the

lakes in and around Kolhapur town. According to Rajwade, Kolhapur was

attracting originally belonging to people known as Kol or Kola, and Kolhapur

was the town of the Kolas. The other name by which Kolhapur is known even

today is Karveer.

Geographically Kolhapur is covered under Krishna valley; more

particularly its tributaries are Vedganga, Dhodhganga, Bhogavati, Kumbhi,

Kasari and Ghatprabha. The main crop is sugarcane being grown on both the

banks of these rivers. 14 sugar factories are operating in the district with a total

of daily crushing capacity of near about 65 thousand tones. The other crops are

paddy, groundnut, wheat, jawar, nanchani etc. the total area is about 8253 sq.

kilo meters covering a population of 29.90 lakhs.



Foundation and development of industries in any region mostly depend

upon physical features of the land, socio-economic and cultural environment,

historical back ground etc. Hence, the objective of this chapter is to consider

the profile of food processing units in Kolhapur district to help study the

problems and prospects of food processing industries.

4.2 Profile of Kolhapur District:

Table 4.1 gives the idea about the total area, population, main crops and

number of industrial units in Kolhapur district. It also highlights the socio

economic features of the area.

Table 4.1 Profile of Kolhapur District

Sr. No. Factors Sub Factors Numbers 1. Population

Male Female Total

1807470 1715692 3523162

2. Area

Total area of land Cultivated Irrigated Forest

746481 hect. 564000 hect. 135374 hect. 140158 hect.

3. Main Rivers

Krishna Warana Panchganga Dhudhganga Hiranyakeshi Ghataprabha

4. Average Rainfall 1899 mm 5. Main Crops

Paddy Sugarcane Soybean Groundnut Nacnni

6. Town / Villages 1203 7. Main Occupation

Agriculture Milk Industry Textile Sugar Industry SSI

8. Co operative societies 1723 9. Nationalized Banks 138

10. Co operative Banks 201



11. Educational Status

Primary Secondary Jr. Colleges Sr. Colleges Tech. Institute

1664 805 171 53 12

12. Soil type Brownish to reddish soil 13. Number of MIDCs 06

14. Food Processing units registered 217 15. Sample selected for the study. 60

Source: Census 2001, Reports from Zilla Parishad, Kolhapur.

1. Table 4.1shows that the total population of Kolhapur district is 3523162,

out of which male are 1807470 and female are 1715692. The ratio

between male and female is 51: 49.

2. The total available area of Kolhapur district is 746461 hectares, out of

which the land of 564000 hectares is under cultivation. The percentage

of land under cultivation is 75.56%. Out of which the land of 135374

hectares is irrigated which is 24%. Out of total area 140158 hectares is

under forest which is 18.78 %. The above information shows favorable

conditions for agriculture.

3. The main rivers which are flowing in Kolhapur district are Krishna,

Warana, Panchganga, Dhudhganga, Hiranyakeshi and Ghatprabha. The

average rainfall in Kolhapur district is 1899 mm. which is satisfactory and

create suitable condition for agriculture. The main crops in Kolhapur

district are sugarcane, paddy, groundnut, Nachani, Soybean etc. which

has promoted Sugar industry, Edible oil mills, Rice mills, industry vastly.

4. The total number of town/ villages in Kolhapur district is 1203. There are

1723 agricultural co operative societies in working for the development of

the farmers. In addition to that 138 nationalized and 201 co operative

banks are available with branches for financial support. The main

occupation of Kolhapur district peoples is agriculture, milk, industry,

textile, sugar industry and SSI.

5. Education which is most important for the all round development of

peoples, growth of industries etc. the above table shows that there are

1664 primary schools, 805 secondary schools, 171 Jr. colleges, 53 Sr.



colleges, 12 technical institute available in Kolhapur district. This means

there is a good educational support for development of industry.

6. There are six MIDC/ Industrial estates (areas), which plays a vital role for

industrial development of Kolhapur district.

4.3 Features of Kolhapur district:

4.3.1 Population:

Table 4.2 shows that the population of Kolhapur district. It is 3523162,

out of which Male are 1807470 and female are 1715692. The ratio between

them is 51:49. The table shows that the Karveer (26%) and Hatkanangale

(20%) talukas are highly populated. The percentage of population is so low in

Gaganbawada taluka which is only 1 Percent.

Table 4.2 Population of Kolhapur District

Sr. No.

Taluka Male Female Total Percentage

1. Karveer 473090 433776 906866 26% 2. Hatkanangale 371250 338378 709628 20% 3. Kagal 127381 120856 248237 07%

4. Chandgad 88924 91857 180781 05% 5. Shirol 185014 174165 359179 10% 6. Panhala 124073 114310 238383 07% 7. Ajara 58320 63110 121430 04% 8. Bhudargad 72631 72279 144910 04% 9. Gadhinglaj 107291 108966 216257 06%

10. Radhanagari 96671 91436 188107 05% 11. Shahuwadi 86304 90555 176859 05% 12. Gaganbawada 16251 16004 32525 01%

Total 1807470 1715692 3523162 100%

Source: Census 2001, Reports from Zilla Parishad, Kolhapur.

Figure 4.1



4.3.2 Area of Land:

Table 4.3 throws lights upon the total area of Kolhapur district. The area

is 746461 hectares, out of which 564000 hectares land is under cultivation. It is

75.56 percent. The land under irrigation is 135374 hectares, which is 24

percent. The area under forest is 141158 hectares of total area, which is 18.78

percent. The above figure shows the favorable condition for agriculture and also

for the development of food processing industry in Kolhapur district. The

highest land holder talukas are Shahuwadi (14%), Chandgad (13%) and

Radhanagari (12%). The less land holder talukas compared to others are

Gaganbawada (4%) and Gadhinglaj (2%).

Table 4.3 Area of Land

Sr. No.

Taluka Cultivated Irrigated Forest Total Area Percentage

1. Karveer 49278 14397 804 67113 09% 2. Hatkanangale 60921 20435 1433 60937 08% 3. Kagal 53756 8911 1172 54754 07% 4. Chandgad 51946 4594 27100 96542 13% 5. Shirol 49127 17771 864 50783 07% 6. Panhala 46549 21183 11591 56871 08% 7. Ajara 39757 4326 12273 54888 07% 8. Bhudargad 41674 5043 23790 64646 09% 9. Gadhinglaj 58278 9287 1818 18115 02% 10. Radhanagari 39765 15709 26775 89232 12% 11. Shahuwadi 56497 7162 21912 104352 14% 12. Gaganbawada 16452 6556 10626 28228 04%

Total 564000 135374 140158 746461 100%

Source: Reports from Zilla Parishad, Kolhapur.

Figure 4.2



4.3.3 Rivers:

Table 4.4 shows that the various rivers flowing in the Kolhapur district.

There is ample water is available from these rivers flowing through major 29

rivers in the various talukas. The above condition is suitable for the agriculture

in the district and it is suitable for the development of the food processing

industry in the Kolhapur district, which are largely depends upon the agriculture.

The majority numbers of rivers are in Karveer and Shahuwadi taluka is 4. There

is Single River in Radhanagari taluka.

Table 4.4 Rivers

Sr. No.

Taluka Name of the River Number

1. Karveer Panchganga, Bhogavati, Kumbhi, Kasari 04 2. Hatkanangale Panchganga, Warana 02 3. Kagal Vedganga, Dhodhganga, Chikotra 03 4. Chandgad Ghatprabha, Tamraparni 02 5. Shirol Panchganga, Krishna 02 6. Panhala Warana. Kumbhi 02 7. Ajara Hiranyakeshi, Chitra 02

8. Bhudargad Vedganga, Chikotra 02 9. Gadhinglaj Hiranyakeshi, Ghatprabha 02

10. Radhanagari Bhogavati 01 11. Shahuwadi Warana, Gadavali, Kadavi, Kasari 04 12. Gaganbawada Kumbhi, Jambhali, Dhamani 03

Total 29


4.3.4 Average Rainfall and Main Crops of the District:

Table 4.5 throws light upon the rainfall as well as the main crops

cultivated in the Kolhapur district. It shows the favorable condition for the

agriculture, particularly for Sugarcane, Paddy, Groundnut etc. which has

promoted sugar industry, Rice mills and Edible oil mills etc. But still there is vast

scope for agro based and food processing industry in the Kolhapur district. It

shows the satisfactory rainfall except the Shirol taluka where the rainfall is only

2 percent. The highest rainfall is in Gaganbawada taluka (34%). After that

Radhanagari taluka (14%) is at second number and at third place Chandgad

taluka with having 11% of rainfall.



Table 4.5

Rainfall and Main Crops according to Taluka

Sr. No.

Taluka Main Crops Avg. Rainfall(mm)

Percentage

1. Karveer Sugarcane, Paddy, Groundnut, Soybean

905 03%

2. Hatkanangale Sugarcane, Groundnut, Soybean, Jawar

817 03%

3. Kagal Sugarcane, Paddy, Groundnut, Soybean

755 03%

4. Chandgad Paddy, Sugarcane, Nachani

2696 11%

5. Shirol Sugarcane, Groundnut, Soybean

480 02%

6. Panhala Paddy, Sugarcane, Nachani

1577 06%

7. Ajara Sugarcane, Paddy, Nachani

1919 07%

8. Bhudargad Paddy, Sugarcane, Nachani

1464 06%

9. Gadhinglaj Sugarcane, Paddy, Groundnut, Jawar

908 04%

10. Radhanagari Paddy, Sugarcane 3633 14%

11. Shahuwadi Paddy, Nachani 1699 07% 12. Gaganbawada Paddy, Nachani 5875 34%

Total 25428 100%


Figure 4.3



4.3.5 Main Occupation and Town/ Villages in the District:

Table 4.6 shows the main occupation and the total town/ villages in each

taluka of Kolhapur district. The main occupations of Kolhapur district are

agriculture and milk. It shows the favorable condition for the Sugarcane, Paddy,

Groundnut etc. which has promoted sugar industry, Rice mills and Edible oil

mills etc. The highest number of towns/villages is in the Chandgad taluka and

the lowest in Gaganbawada taluka.

Table 4.6 Main Occupation and Town/Villages according to Taluka

Sr. No.

Taluka Main Occupation Towns/Villages

1. Karveer Agriculture, Milk, Industry 129 2. Hatkanangale Agriculture, Milk, Silver, Textile 62 3. Kagal Agriculture, Milk, Industry 84

4. Chandgad Agriculture, Milk, Cashew Industry 156 5. Shirol Agriculture, Milk, Industry 52 6. Panhala Agriculture, Milk 130 7. Ajara Agriculture, Cashew Industry 96 8. Bhudargad Agriculture, Milk, Brick Industry 115 9. Gadhinglaj Agriculture, Milk, Cashew 90

10. Radhanagari Agriculture, Milk 114 11. Shahuwadi Agriculture, Milk, Animal Husbandry 133 12. Gaganbawada Agriculture 42


4.3.6 Financial Institutional Infrastructure:

Table 4.7 throws light upon the financial institutional support available in

the district. In the district 1723 agricultural cooperative societies are working for

the development of farmers. In addition to that 210 cooperative and 140

nationalized banks are working for the financial support to industry. The highest

numbers of financial institutions are available in Karveer taluka (293) and the

lowest in the Gaganbawada taluka (63).



Table 4.7 Financial Institutional Infrastructure

Sr. No.

Taluka Nationalized Banks/Branches

Cooperative Banks/Branches

Cooperative Societies

Total

1. Karveer 25 29 239 293 2. Hatkanangale 12 28 132 172

3. Kagal 11 22 154 187 4. Chandgad 08 15 122 145 5. Shirol 21 20 142 183 6. Panhala 15 16 222 253 7. Ajara 08 10 98 116 8. Bhudargad 07 16 156 179

9. Gadhinglaj 11 20 118 149 10. Radhanagari 08 20 192 220 11. Shahuwadi 12 11 93 116 12. Gaganbawada 02 06 55 63

Total 140 213 1723 2076

Source: Reports from Zilla Parishad, Kolhapur Figure 4.4

4.3.7 Educational Infrastructure:

Table 4.8 shows the talukawise educational infrastructure available in

the Kolhapur district. It shows that there are 1664 primary schools, 805

Secondary schools, 171 Junior Colleges, 53 Senior Colleges and 12

Government Industrial Training Institutes are running for the educational

development of the peoples of the district. It means there is a good educational

support available for the educational, social and industrial development of the

people.



Table 4.8 Educational Infrastructure

Sr. No.

Taluka Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Junior Colleges

Senior Colleges

ITI Total

1. Karveer 178 168 40 16 01 403

2. Hatkanangale 155 114 32 10 01 312 3. Kagal 108 66 19 04 01 198 4. Chandgad 189 66 11 03 01 270 5. Shirol 135 67 14 03 01 220 6. Panhala 174 70 16 03 01 264 7. Ajara 113 32 05 01 01 152

8. Bhudargad 145 48 06 03 01 203 9. Gadhinglaj 104 61 12 05 01 183

10. Radhanagari 178 59 11 01 01 250 11. Shahuwadi 136 44 04 03 01 188 12. Gaganbawada 49 10 01 01 01 62

Total 1664 805 171 53 12 2705


4.3.8 Health Centers:

Table 4.9 shows the health centers available in the Kolhapur district. It

shows that there are 72 primary health centers, 16 ayurvedic clinics, 430 rural

hospitals and 141 veterinaries are working. It shows a good health care of

people in the district and the numbers of veterinaries are useful to the

development of the animal husbandry business in the district.

Table 4.9 Health Centers

Sr. No.

Taluka Rural Hospitals

Primary Health

Centers

Ayurvedic Clinics

Veterinaries Total

1. Karveer 52 09 01 19 81 2. Hatkanangale 47 09 01 08 65 3. Kagal 36 05 02 17 60 4. Chandgad 34 06 01 13 54

5. Shirol 35 07 02 07 51 6. Panhala 42 06 00 10 58 7. Ajara 28 04 02 09 43 8. Bhudargad 31 05 01 10 47 9. Gadhinglaj 36 05 00 17 58

10. Radhanagari 40 06 03 14 63

11. Shahuwadi 39 08 03 12 62 12. Gaganbawada 10 02 00 05 17

Total 430 72 16 141 659




4.3.9 Type of Soil:

Table 4.10 shows that the type of soil available in the various talukas of

the Kolhapur district. The type of soil is directly influence the agricultural

activity. There are three main types of soil are available in the district.

Table 4.10 Type of Soil

Sr. No.

Taluka Type of Soil Local Name of Soil

1. Karveer

2. Kagal 3. Gadhinglaj

Brownish Black Soil

‘Halaki Kali Mati’

4. Hatkanangale 5. Shirol

Medium to deep Black Soil

‘Madhyam Bhari Kali Mati

6. Panhala 7. Ajara 8. Bhudargad

9. Chandgad 10. Radhanagari 11. Shahuwadi 12. Gaganbawada

Brownish to Reddish

Tambadi Mati


4.3.10 MIDC’s in Kolhapur District:

Table 4.11 shows that the Industrial area in the Kolhapur district. It

classifies the talukawise MIDC’s and the co-operative industrial areas. The

implementation of national industrial policy resulted in the establishment of

MIDC’s and the industrial estates in the various parts of Kolhapur district. First

MIDC in Kolhapur district is established in 1967 in Shiroli and after that in 1977

in Gokul Shirgaon. The industrial development is further moves as the

establishment of MIDC’s in Halkarni in 1988, Gadhinglaj in 1989, Ajara in 1990

and the five star MIDC in Kagal and Hatkanangale in 1996.



Table 4.11 MIDC’s in Kolhapur District

Sr. No.

MIDC’s Covered Talukas Estd. Year Area (Hectares)

1 Shiroli Karveer Hatkanangale

1967 255

2 Gokul Shirgaon Karveer 1977 220

3 Kagal 5 Star Kagal Hatkanangale

Karveer

1996 1065

4 Halkarni Chandgad 1988 195 5 Gadhinglaj Gadhinglaj 1989 135 6 Ajara Ajara 1990 06

Source: Reports form MIDC’s Kolhapur

4.3.11 Industrial Estates (Areas) in Kolhapur District:

Table 4.12 throws light upon the cooperative industrial estates working

in the Kolhapur district. The cooperative movement plays an important role in

the industrial development of Kolhapur district with the establishment of the

cooperative industrial estates. It shows in the table 4.12. There are 11

Cooperative industrial estates are working in the Kolhapur district.

Table 4.12 Industrial Estates (Areas)

Sr. No. Taluka Industrial Estates (Areas) 1 Karveer 1. Kolhapur Udyam Co-op. Society, Kolhapur 2 Shirol 1. Parvati Sahkari Audyogic Vasahat, Shirol

2. L. K. Akiwate Sahakari Audyogic Vasahat, Jaysingpur

3. Shahu Sahakari Audyogic Vasahat, Shirol 4. Kurundwad Sahakari Audyogic Vasahat,

Kurundwad 5. Lakshmi Mahesh Sahakari Audyogic

Vasahat, Abdullat 3 Hatkanangale 1. Laxmi Sahkari Audyogic Vasahat,

Hatkangale 2. Ichalkarangi Sahakari Audyogic Vasahat

Ichalkaranji 3. Yashwant Sahakari Audyogic Vasahat,

Hupari 4 Kagal 1. Yashwantrao Chavan Sah. Audyogic

Vasahat, Murgud 5 Gadhinglaj 1. Hiranyakeshi Sah. Audyogic Vasahat,

Gadhinglaj

Source: Reports from Industrial Estates



4.3.12 Industrial Associations in Kolhapur District:

Table 4.13 shows the various Industrial Associations working in the

Kolhapur district. These associations control the industrial movement and

create a pool between the industry and the government. They also play a role

as the source of information. There are 9 associations are working in the

Kolhapur district.

Table 4.13 Industrial Associations

Sr. No.

Taluka Industrial Associations

1 Karveer 1. Kolhapur Enginering Association, Kolhapur 2. Gokul Shirgaon Mnfg. Association MIDC,

Karveer 3. Kolhapur Chamber of Commerce Kolhapur

2 Shirol 1. Parvati New Association Yadrav, Shirol 3 Hatkanangale 1. Shiroli Mngf. Association, Shiroli MIDC

Hatkangale 2. Laxmi Ind. Mngf. Association, Laxmi Ind.

Estate, Hatkangale 3. Ichalkaranji Engineering Association,

Ichalkaranji 4. Ichalkaranji Powerloom Association

Hatkangale 4 Gadhinglaj 1. Gadhinglaj Mngf. Association, Gadhinglaj

Source: Reports from Industrial Estates

4.3.13 Industries registered with the DIC:

Table 4.14 shows the number of small scale industrial units registered

with the District Industry center of Kolhapur District up to 31st Dec 2008. The

table shows that the Karveer and Hatkanangale talukas are highly industry

concentrated.



Table 4.14

Industries registered with the DIC Sr. No.

Taluka Number of SSI Units Percentage

1. Karveer 2305 54% 2. Hatkanangale 1185 28% 3. Kagal 83 02% 4. Chandgad 104 02%

5. Shirol 332 08% 6. Panhala 73 02% 7. Ajara 28 01% 8. Bhudargad 27 01% 9. Gadhinglaj 93 02%

10. Radhanagari 35 01%

11. Shahuwadi 12 00% 12. Gaganbawada 02 00%

Total 4279 100%

Source: Reports from District Industry Center, Kolhapur.

Figure 4.5

4.3.14 Industries registered with Food & Drug Administration office:

Table 4.14 shows the number of food processing units (four categories

only) registered with the food & drug administration office in the Kolhapur

district up to 31st Dec 2008. It shows that there is over concentration of food

processing units is mainly in Hatkanangale and Karveer taluka.



Table 4.15

Industries registered with Food & Drug Administration office Sr. No.

Taluka Rice Mills Oil Mills Spices Fruit & Vegetables

Total

1. Karveer 06 09 16 08 39 2. Hatkanangale 06 09 22 08 45 3. Kagal 02 05 08 02 17 4. Chandgad 03 05 01 06 15

5. Shirol 02 11 14 03 30 6. Panhala 03 04 04 03 14 7. Ajara 03 06 02 00 11 8. Bhudargad 08 00 02 00 10 9. Gadhinglaj 01 11 04 04 20

10. Radhanagari 01 04 03 02 10

11. Shahuwadi 00 03 01 01 05 12. Gaganbawada 00 00 00 01 01

Total 35 67 77 38 217

Source: Reports from Food & Drug Administration office, Kolhapur.

4.3.15 Administrative pattern of Food Processing Units in Kolhapur

district:

Business ownership is concerned to the holding of business enterprise

by an individual or a body of persons or a corporate body. Today the new

dimensions have been added to the traditional form of business ownership.

This is because of the growth of business activity and specialization. The

various types of the business enterprises could be satisfy the demand of the

different types of the people in the society and also worked for the systematic

growth of industrial and commercial activity. In the present study researcher

collects the data from 60 food processing units in Kolhapur district. Out of those

units 39 (65%) units were running under the sole proprietorship, one unit under

HUF (2%), 6 (9%) units under partnership, one (2%) unit under private ltd. Co.,

12 (20%) units as co-operative concerns and one (2%) unit under SHG. The

administrative pattern of these units is as follows.

1) Proprietorship: Under the proprietorship all functions of the business is

done by one person i. e. Proprietor. This is one man show business.



Figure 4.6

Proprietorship Organization Chart

Proprietor

Production Finance HRM Marketing

All the above activities of business were carried out by the

proprietor of the business.

2) HUF: HUF is another form of business organization under which the food

processing business is carried out. Under this form of organization Karta

is the responsible person for all the transactions of the business. He can

take the help of the family members in the day to day transactions of

business.

Figure 4.7

HUF Organization Chart

Karta

Family Members


All the activities were carried out by the Karta and the family members

but Karta is the responsible person for the all third party responsibility.

3) Partnership: Under the form of partnership there are two or more

partners were come together and form the partnership.



Figure 4.8

Partnership Organization Chart

Partners


All the activities of the business were carried out by the partners of the

business.

4) Private Ltd. CO.: In Kolhapur district one oil unit is run under the private

limited company. The organization pattern is as under.

Figure 4.9

Private Ltd. Company Organization Chart

Karta

Family Members

Production Purchase Sales Finance

HRM Advertise

Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff

All the activities of the company were carried out under the above format

of organization.

5) Co-operative concern: Kolhapur district is well known for the co-

operative movement. There are various organizations were working

under the co-operative form.



Figure 4.10

Cooperative Concern Organization Chart

Share Holders

Board of Directors

Chairman

Manager

Production Purchase Sales Finance HRM

Advertise

Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff

The food processing units are working under the above forms of

organization in Kolhapur district.

4.3.16 Processes employed in the food processing units:

The processes employed in the selected food processing units were

show with the help of following charts.

1. Rice Mills:

The process of paddy to rice employed by the rice mills in Kolhapur district

is as follows.



Figure 4.11

Processing of Rice

Cleaning

Hulling

Milling

Polishing

Grading

Sorting

Packaging

2. Groundnut Oil Mill:

The process of groundnut to oil employed by the oil mills in Kolhapur district

is as follows.

Figure 4.12 Processing of Groundnut

Groundnut Bruch

Sterilization

Stripping

Digestion



Pressing

Condell Press Cake

Creaming Nut/ Fiber separation

Clarification

Desanding Purification

Separation Drying Dry Separation

Sludge Oil Wet Separation

3. Spices:

The process employed in spices by the spice units in Kolhapur district is as

follows.

Figure 4.13 Processing of Spices

Cleaning

Grinding

Packaging

Nut Drying

Nut Cracking

Kernel Drying

Kernels

Drying

Grading



4. Fruits and Vegetables:

The process employed in Cashew factory by the cashew unit in Kolhapur

district is as follows.

Figure 4.14

Processing of Cashew nut

Steaming

Shelling

Drying

Peeling

Grading

Quality Inspection

Quality Control

Packaging

4.4 Industrial Development of Kolhapur District:

Kolhapur had been a transit town of repute for century’s as a result

trading and commercial occupations proliferated and prospered. The real fillip

to the Kolhapur districts industrial growth is dates back to the reign of

Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaja who was set the industrial back ground of

Kolhapur district and initiates major reforms with the setting up of a Jaggery

(Gur) market in Kolhapur in 1905. Out of those important one are formation of



railway station which is now known by his name and connecting Kolhapur to

whole India, establishment of trade centers as Shahupuri Vyapari Peth, which is

prospered up to 1902 and the annual export of gur is up to Rs. 50 lakh and of

groundnut is Rs. 20 Lakh. Today the jaggry market of Kolhapur is largest one in

the India (Pawar 2001). In the year 1912-13 with the help of darbar first oil mill

and saw mill was started. The names of the oil mills are Shirgaonkar oil mill and

Yuvraj Maharaj oil mill also the groundnut factories were started in the year. In

1920 the wood distillation factory is started by him (Salunkhe, 1976). In the

construction of Radhanagari and Kallamawadi dams his contribution was major

one. This fulfills the water requirement of Kolhapur city and major part of the

district. Also the need of agriculture is fulfilled by these dams. He also invites

out of state traders and various business communities like Guajarati’s and

Marwari’s to Kolhapur and encourage the peoples of Kolhapur to develop their

career in industrial field on the promise of freehold land, tax exemptions and

preferential treatment (Manohar 1970).

Gradually the commerce and on the availability of the finance through

the growing movement of co-operation, the banking facilities are prospered.

Now days there are about more than 1000 branches of public sector, scheduled

and co-operative banks are functioning in all major towns and villages of the

Kolhapur district. The spirit of co-operation and mutual assistance among the

people eventually gave impetus to the growth of sugar industry and the rural

landscape of the district. Perennial availability of the river water and efficiently

harnessed irrigation potential had made agriculture the dominant economic

activity in the district and in its wake, several agro industrial activities have

grown e. g. processing of agriculture produce, milk and food processing.

Kolhapur city being the districts headquarters has turned into a large trading

and financial center it has the second largest regulated market for agriculture

produce in the state. ‘Kolhapuri Chapple’ is a famous product of Kolhapur

district, which is a popular beach wear in Europe and America.

In 1853 the tentative industrial activity being carried out in the state had

promoted Major Graham a British officer (first political superintendent of

Kolhapur) attached to Kolhapur Darbar to carry out a survey which recorded the

number of people engaged in lime, Paper, glass bangles, charcoal, bamboo



work, ink making, saddlers, perfumers, oilmen, cloth-weavers, coppersmiths,

liquor distilleries etc. divided into 20 different traders in which were engaged

about 1200 peoples. In 1926 Dr. Balkrishna carried out a commercial survey of

the Kolhapur city covering the industrial establishment in the town which

reviewed the presence of such activities as leather tanning, edible oil extraction,

printing and publishing, motor repairs, fireworks, electric supply, cine film

production and licensed country liquor braveries (Manohar, 1970). According to

him there were 19 rice mills are working in 1926 with 47 employees. There

were in all 19 small mills, out of these 14 are worked by electric power and 5 by

oil engines. There are 3 ground nut crushing and oil pressing mills were

working with 26 employees. The survey conducted by the N. V. Sovani in 1950

shows that there were 27 rice mills employing total of 99 persons. Out of these

3 mills were working on oil engines and remaining on electrical energy. There

was also 3 ground nut oil mills were working with the 230 persons. (Sovani,

1951).

According to the Grahams report in 1953 there were 100 oilmen working

in Kolhapur town. Oil is extracted by two castes, the Lingaets or Pandhra Tailee

and the Kundha or Kala Tailee. Prof. Modak’s survey of 1892 puts the number

of oil presses in Kolhapur town at 139. Dr. BalKrishna’s survey of 1926

revealed that oil process had decreased very considerably during the interval

and numbered only 24 in 1926, and all of them belonging to Lingayat Tailis. As

per the Sovani’s survey there were 30 oilmen’s establishments and a total of 47

persons were engaged in them (Sovani, 1951).

The credit of the foundation of modern industry in Kolhapur goes to the

Ch. Shahu Maharaj who setting up the Shahu Ch. Spinning mill on 27th

September 1906 as a joint stock concern, partly to utilize the cotton being

grown in about 30000 acres in the Kolhapur state in that time the mill was

originally only a spinning mill. Weaving department was added in 1928. In 1912

he established ‘King Edward Agricultural Institute’.

Since mid 19th century Kolhapur had the reputation of producing quality

Gur (Jaggery) and exporting it to Kutchha, Kathiawar and Gujarat even during

the famine years of 1889. Kolhapur state had about 10000 acres of land under



sugarcane cultivation. Ch. Shahu realized that gur could be harnessed

beneficially for developing the economy of the state and established a separate

Jaggery market adjacent to the railway station. In later years the market

prospered and now functions on an area admeasuring 145 acres. Side by side

with jagerry, sugarcane industry also wields significant influence on the

economy of the region. The trend of encouraging trade and industry in Kolhapur

is continued also during the reign of Ch. Rajaram Maharaj who started Kolhapur

sugar mill which established under states patronage in 1932 to process the

sugarcane left over after the production of the jaggery. The mill was equipped

to crush about 500 tons of cane per day. In 1951-52 jagerry prices crashed to

an all time low, forcing the sugarcane farmers to torch the standing sugarcane

crops to clear the land. Gradually phoenix like from the ashes of the burnt down

cane stalks raised the sugarcane industry in co-operative sector. Growth of

sugar industry proved a boon to the infantile engineering industry as it gave

impetus to indigenous manufacture of diesel engine pump sets used for

irrigation the sugarcane fields. Several workshops start up for repairing pump

sets, farm equipment and implements.

Oil extraction is also a main business in Kolhapur district. In 1893 there

were 912 small oil extraction mills were working with the 1871 workers and with

the investment in machineries of Rs. 44999. Out of these 139 mills were

working in Kolhapur city, 50 at Wadgaon and 20 at Kodoli, Kale, Gadhinglaj and

shirol respectively. There was another industry working as processing on rice

running from 1894. The production was called as churmura in local name.

There are 139 hullers were working for the production of Churmura with 359

workers. The cost of the product is Rs. 68000 per year (Shinde 2009).

Yamanaji Anandrao Ambale is the man who first ever cast iron foundry

set up in 1920 in Kolhapur under Ch. Shahus patronage for producing bullock

driven cane crushes. The foundry have could not survive and get locked up.

The cast iron foundry is started by S. Y. Kulkarni in 1941. He used to give

working demonstration of the diesel engine and pump sets to the farmer’s right

in their villages. His Zeal and setting talent boosted the sale of his products and

also made the farmers realize the potential of irrigation for harvesting bountiful

double and even triple crops, but mostly the sugarcane gradually increasing



used of cool engine pumps and crushes in sugar and jaggry industry helped to

start many new engineering workshops in which oil engines, gas plants,

centrifugal pumps, storage batteries huller, crushers were manufactured. Latter

day industrial entrepreneurs in Kolhapur modeled the measures on the lives of

the entrepreneurs and the activity of these pioneers, initially to meet the

demand for farm equipments and diversifying for better capacity utilization in to

engineering and automotive ancillary sectors.

Mr. J. P. Naik the secretary for planning commission observed that

development during the regency administration of the state and he rightly

thought of establishing these scattered units in to a concise industrial cluster

which resulted in the establishment of the first industrial estate, Shivaji Udyam

Nagar. The first generation of entrepreneurs was thus switched over from

skilled mestries to prospective industrialists. Today Kolhapur is one of the

industrially advanced districts in the Maharashtra. Presence of rail head, better

road links, better infrastructure, availability of raw material and skilled workers,

power supply, proximity to market are play a significant role in the development

of industry. Industry in Kolhapur is diversify in various large, small and medium

industries like textile, sugar, chemicals, automotive and steel foundries, milk

processing, food processing etc. Co-operative industrial estates have been

developed in Kolhapur district as Jaysingpur, Ichalkaranji, Hupari and Yadrav.

As well as there are 5 MIDC centers are working in Kolhapur district.

4.5 Conclusion:

Kolhapur is said to be a self developed district with the help of the

availability of abundant of natural resources and infrastructural facilities. The

back ground of Kolhapur district is agro based. Most of the industries are

partially of fully rely on the agriculture for raw material. The environment of

Kolhapur district is suitable for the development of the agriculture and it is also

helpful for the establishment and development of the food processing industry

in the Kolhapur district.



References:

1) Census of India 2001: District census Handbook Kolhapur District.

2) Maharashtra State Gazetteer 1951: Kolhapur District, Bombay Gazetteer

of India.

3) Malgaonkar, Manohar (1970): ‘Chatrapatis of Kolhapur’ – Popular

Prakashan, Bombay.

4) Panchayat Samiti Mahiti Pustika (2010).

5) Pawar, Jaysingrao (2001): ‘Rajarshi Shahu Smarak Granth’ –

Maharashtra Itihas Prabhodhini.

6) Salunkhe, P. B. (1976): ‘Rajarshi Shahu Gourav Granth’ – Maharashtra

Rajya Shikshan Vibhag, Sachivalay Mumbai.

7) Shinde, Kanderao (2009), “Kolhapur Rajyacha Itihas 1838 to 1894. –

Nirmiti Vicharmanch, Kolhaur.

8) Sovani, N. V. (1951): ‘Social Survey of Kolhapur City Vol. II – Industry,

Trade and Labour.’ – Ghokale Institute of politics and Economics.

Publication – 23.

9) Zilla Parishad Mahiti Pustika (2010).

CHAPTER - IV PROFILE OF KOLHAPUR...

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