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CHAPTER-IV

PROFILE OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA REGION

4.1 Introduction:

It is quite necessary to understand the study area in terms of its geographical,

historical, social, economical, cultural and demographic aspects as they have their

own implications to the political structure and the processes in society. The

background of the study area bears significant influence on the results of the study.

Particularly, status of Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes in the region. Hence, in

this chapter an attempt is made to present the brief profile of Karnataka state

particularly the Hyderabad Karnataka region i.e., Gulbarga, Bidar, Raichur, Yadagir,

Koppal, Bellary.

4.2 Karnataka:

Karnataka is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956,

with the passage of the states re-organization act. Originally known as the State of

Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973, capital city is Bangalore. Karnataka is

bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea to the west, Goa to the north

west, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the south

east, and Kerala to the south west. The state covers an area of 191,976 square

kilometres , 5.83 per cent of the total geographical area of India. It is the eighth

largest Indian state by area. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census,

Karnataka is the ninth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts and 176

taluks. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. The two

main river systems of the state are the Krishna and its tributaries, the Bhima,

Ghataprabha, Vedavathi, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra, in the north, and the Kaveri

and its tributaries, the Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavati, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini,

in the south. All these rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal. Karnataka is derived from

171

the Kannada words karu and nadu, meaning "elevated land". Karu nadu karu, means

"black", and nadu, means "region", as a reference to the black cotton soil found in the

Bayalu Seeme region of the state. British used the word Carnatic, sometimes

Karnatak, to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of the Krishna.

Table-4.1

Distribution of Population, Decadal growth rate State/District Population 2011 Decadal growth

rate in percentage

Persons Males Females 1991-01 2001-11

Belgaum 47,78,439 24,27,104 23,51,335 17.61 13.38

Bagalkot 18,90,826 9,52,902 9,37,924 18.82 14.46

Bijapur 21,75,102 11,12,953 10,62,149 17.51 20.38

Bidar 17,00,018 8,70,850 8,29,168 19.63 13.16

Raichur 19,24,773 9,66,493 9,58,280 23.52 15.27

Koppal 13,91,292 7,01,479 6,89,813 24.84 16.32

Gadag 10,65,235 5,38,477 5,26,758 13.13 9.61

Dharwad 18,46,993 9,39,127 9,07,866 16.68 15.13

Uttara kannada 14,36,847 7,27,424 7,09,423 10.93 6.15

Haveri 15,98,506 8,19,295 7,79,211 13.39 11.08

Bellary 25,32,383 12,80,402 12,51,981 22.41 24.92

Chitradurga 16,60,378 8,43,411 8,16,967 15.63 9.39

Davanagere 19,46,905 9,89,602 9,57,303 14.86 8.71

Shimoga 17,55,512 8,79,817 8,75,695 13.10 6.88

Udupi 11,77,908 5,62,896 6,15,012 7.14 5.90

Chikmagalur 11,37,753 5,67,483 5,70,270 12.15 0.28

Tumkur 26,81,449 13,54,770 13,26,679 12.10 3.74

Bangalore 95,88,910 50,25,498 45,63,412 35.09 46.68

Mandya 18,08,680 9,09,441 8,99,239 7.26 2.55

Hassan 17,76,221 8,85,807 8,90,414 9.68 3.17

Dakshina kannada 20,83,625 10,32,577 10,51,048 14.59 9.80

Kodagu 55,47,62 2,74,725 2,80,037 12.31 1.13

Mysore 29,94,744 15,11,206 14,83,538 15.75 13.39

Chamarajanagar 10,20,962 5,13,359 5,07,603 9.29 5.75

Gulbarga 25,64,892 13,07,061 12,57,831 21.76 17.94

Yadgir 11,72,985 5,91,104 5,81,881 20.12 22.67

Kolar 15,40,231 7,79,401 7,60,830 14.46 11.04

Chikkaballapura 12,54,377 6,37,504 6,16,873 14.33 9.17

Bangalore Rural 9,87,257 5,07,514 4,79,743 18.60 16.02

Ramanagara 10,82,739 5,48,060 5,34,679 7.84 5.06

State 6,11,30,704 31,05,7742 3,00,72,962 17.51 15.67

Source: Census of India 2011 provisional totals

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The above table shows the population & growth rate of all the districts of

Karnataka state as per census 2011 the state population is over six crore Bangalore is

the most populated district of all the districts and Kodagu is the least populated

district Bangalore rural, Chamrajnagar, Chikkamagalore, Yadgir with less decadal

growth in the state from 2001 to 2011 is 15.67 percent and among districts Bangalore

with highest growth rate of i.e., 46.68 percent, Kodagu with very least growth rate

i.e,.only 1.13 percent followed by Mandya, Hassan, Shimoga,Uttarakannada with less

decadal growth rate.

Table-4.2

Literacy rate of the state 1951-2011

(In percentage)

Year Persons Males Females

1951 20.60 N.A N.A

1961 25.40 36.20 14.20

1971 31.50 41.60 21.00

1981 38.50 48.80 27.70

1991 56.00 67.30 44.30

2001 66.64 76.10 56.87

2011 75.60 82.85 68.13

Source: Census of India 2011 Provisional population totals

The above table shows the literacy rate of the state since 1951 onwards. Table

clearly shows that since 1951 the total literacy rate of the state has been increased

from 20.60 percent to 75.60 percent in 2011 and simultaneously female literacy rate

is also increased, the increase is possible because of measures taken by the

Government.

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4.3 Regional Disparities in Human Development:

Karnataka State united in 1956 and prior to that, it was scattered in different

regions with different administrative-political units. The state was divided into five

regions and consisted of the territories of the Old State of Mysore, the Coorg, the

Bombay Presidency, the Madras Presidency and erstwhile Nizam Kingdom of

Hyderabad. The present Karnataka State is carved out from the five areas or regions

under the administrative control of different rulers. Hence, the development of the

state was not even and regional disparities have been prevailing with regard to the

various socio-economic indicators. Naturally, the region of Old Mysore State was

more developed as it was the progressive State in the country and the benevolent

Maharajas and the British administration introduced the science and technology by

establishing the basic infrastructure for its growth and sustenance.

The living standard of people was high compared to other regions. The Coorg

State was also developed in terms of human development indicators. The Bombay

Presidency area was not as developed as the Old Mysore area. The Hyderabad

Karnataka, which was under the rule of Hyderabad Kingdom, was most neglected

region in the State. Bellary, which was under the Madras Presidency, did not receive

much attention of the British Administration, as it was not important for them. High

Power Committee for Redressal of Regional Imbalances under the Chairmanship of

noted economist Dr.D.M. Nanjundappa.

4.4 Caste Profile:

In the preceding discussion, it was stated that the present Karnataka State

evolved from five regions which were part of different states with different political

structures. These five sub regions with different histories, political-administrative

patterns and even cultural patterns came to be integrated into a single Kannada-

speaking state on 1, November 1956 under an Act of the Indian Parliament which

174

redrew the political administrative map of India. This integration was the result of an

organized movement for Karnataka Unification.

The unification movement was also not exception to the internal conflicts.

Two such major conflicts deserve special notice. One was the conflict between the

old Mysore State and the tiny Coorg area. On the other hand, and the other areas

spearheaded by Bombay Karnataka. The opposition to unification from old Mysore

was on the ground that its economic status as a more prosperous area would be lost

when it tagged on to the other backward Kannada-speaking areas, and also that its

distinctive identity would be gobbled up in the new order. The opposition from

Coorg came from the fear that both its material interest and its identity would be lost

in the integrated state. The other conflict centered on caste.

The Vokkaliga caste, which was dominant in Old Mysore, feared that it would

be subjected to the dominance of the Lingayats who would emerge as the single

largest and most powerful caste in the re-organized State. Yet, even the small gain

for old Mysore disappeared subsequently when the State was renamed Karnataka in

the early 1970s. But its fear of Lingayat dominance proved well founded as the first

Chief Minister of the new State was a Lingayat, S. Nijalingappa, and the first

Vokkaliga, Chief Minister could appear only in 1995, some forty year‟s after the new

state came into existence, when Deve Gowda took over as the Chief Minister in 1995

(K.Raghavendra Rao, 2000, p-18). Further, it is argued that the diversities and

presence of linguistic minorities of considerable numerical strength were the major

impediments for the generation of unity and oneness. In terms of castes and

communities, two types of diversities need to be noted those based on religion and

sect. In terms of caste, using the notion of M.N.Srinivas, somewhat loosely and non-

rigorously, we can identify three dominant castes across the state-the Brahmins, the

Lingayats and the Vokkaligas. To this must be added the occasionally dominant

alliances of what are called intermediate castes, a veritable motley crowd capable of

nothing more than contingent and politically mobilizable alliances. Further,

175

complication is that not this all Karnataka profile holds equally for the different sub

regions. In old Mysore the Vokkaligas are dominant.

In Bombay Karnataka, Hyderabad Karnataka and the Bellary district in

Madras Karnataka, the Lingayats are the dominant caste. But even so, there is one

district in Bombay Karnataka in which the Lingayats are the marginal and that is

Uttar Kannada district (formerly known as North Canara or Karwar district). In

Dakshina Kannada (formerly Mangalore district) and in Coorg, the two dominant

castes hardly have any presence. Though, the Bunts of Dakshina Kannada claim

affinity with the Vakkaligas as cultivating non-Brahmin caste. Only, the Brahmins

are a pan- Karnataka caste among the three dominant castes. The Scheduled Castes

are also a pan-Karnataka group though this homogenizing label conceals an intricate

situation of local configurations, involving often confliction relationships. It is argued

that the Reorganization of States on Linguistic basis in 1956 paved way for the

emergence of dominant castes all over India so also in Karnataka. The Lingayats and

Vokkaligas have emerged politically dominant castes.

Chart-4.1

Karnataka state map showing all the districts

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4.5 HYDERABAD KARNATAKA

Hyderabad-Karnataka is a region located in the north-east Karnataka, India. It

is a Kannada speaking region of Hyderabad State ruled by the Nizams of

Hyderabad until 1948 and after merging with India union, the region was the part of

Hyderabad State until 1956. The Hyderabad-Karnataka region comprises Gulbarga,

Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal, Bidar and Bellary districts in the present state of Karnataka,

The Hyderabad-Karnataka region is the second largest arid region in India. Kalyana

Karnataka was the term coined by noted Kannada activist Dr. Chidananda

Murthy. Kalyana Karnataka to refer to Hyderabad-Karnataka as an administrative

block with Gulbarga as the administrative headquarters. Hyderabad-Karnataka region

consists of 6 districts Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal and Bellary.

Chart-4.2

Hyderabad Karnataka map

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Table-4.3

Population of Hyderabad Karnataka Region -2011

Source: Censes of India 2011

The above table shows the total population of Hyderabad Karnataka region.

Gulbarga district is the most populated district among six districts of the region

followed by Bellary and Yadgir is less populated among all the districts.

Table-4.4

Literacy rate of Hyderabad Karnataka Region 2001-2011

(In percentage)

Source: Census of India 2001 & 2011

The above table shows the literacy rate of Hyderabad Karnataka region among

six districts of the region. Literacy rate in Bidar is more and Yadgir is very less.

Since, 2001 the literacy rate of this region has been increased over 10 percent which

is the good sign of improvement. But it is very less when compared with other

regions of the state.

District State District

Code

Males Females Total

population

Gulbarga 29 25 1307061 1257831 2564892

Bidar 29 4 870850 829168 1700018

Yadgir 29 26 591104 581881 1172985

Bellary 29 11 1280402 1251981 2532383

Raichur 29 5 966493 958280 1924773

Koppal 29 6 701479 689813 1391292

Total 29 -- 31057742 30072962 61130704

Sl.

No

Name of the

district

2001 2011

Male Female Persons Male Female Persons

1 Gulbarga 66.18 42.06 54.34 75.11 55.87 65.65

2 Yadgir 51.35 28.32 39.90 63.33 41.31 52.36

3 Bidar 72.46 48.81 60.94 79.94 61.66 71.01

4 Raichur 61.52 35.93 48.81 71.35 49.56 60.46

5 Koppal 68.42 39.61 54.10 78.21 56.22 67.28

6 Bellary 69.20 45.28 57.40 77.24 58.28 67.85

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4.6 Position of the District in Human Development:

Karnataka State has published Human development Report in 1999 based on

1991 date for the then 20 district in the state. The progress in human Development

was brought out through another report published in 2005 for 27 districts in the state

today based on 2001 Data. The position of the district along with the other district in

Hyderabad Karnataka Region is indicated in the following table.

Table-4.5

Human Development and Gender Development H.K region

Districts HDI

1991

Rank HDI

2001

Rank GDI

1991

Rank GDI

2001

Rank

Bellary 0.512 18 0.617 18 0.499 17 0.606 17

Bidar 0.496 23 0.599 21 0.477 23 0.572 22

Gulbarga 0.453 25 0.564 26 0.432 25 0.543 26

Raichur 0.443 27 0.547 27 0.422 27 0.530 27

Koppal 0.446 26 0.582 24 0.428 26 0.561 24

State 0.541 - 0.650 - 0.525 - 0.637 - Source: Human Development Report 2005, Govt. of Karnataka.

According to human and Gender development index or Human development

report of 2005 of Government of Karnataka shows that Raichur and Koppal districts

are at the bottom.

Table-4.6

Literacy rate of Scheduled Castes in H.K Region-2011

(In percentage)

Source: India stat.com

Districts Persons Male Female

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Gulbarga 54.99 50.49 68.45 65.52 61.55 77.44 44.14 39.05 59.26

Yadgir 43.30 40.71 62.67 54.52 51.97 73.46 32.05 29.42 51.76

Bidar 63.40 60.93 75.03 72.47 70.43 82.10 53.90 50.97 67.65

Raichur 53.44 49.10 68.50 65.11 61.28 78.48 41.91 37.03 58.74

Koppal 59.75 58.32 68.43 70.65 69.48 77.93 48.95 47.21 59.35

Bellary 58.60 54.57 68.10 69.37 66.08 77.21 47.89 43.03 59.19

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The above table shows the literacy rate of Scheduled castes in Hyderabad

Karnataka region among six districts. Bidar has the highest literacy rate and Yadgir

and Raichur with lowest literacy rates this shows how much backwardness is still

there in this region.

Table-4.7

Literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in H.K Region-2011

(In percentage)

Source: India stat.com

The above table shows the literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in Hyderabad

Karnataka region among six districts. STs in Yadgir and Raichur have very less

literacy rate and Bidar with high and comparatively better by Gulbarga.

4.7 Gulbarga:

4.8 History:

Gulbarga was known as 'Kalburagi ' in former days which mean stony land

in Kannada. Gulbarga district is situated in the northern part of Karnataka State. In

the earlier days, Gulbarga was a district of Hyderabad Karnataka area and became a

part of Karnataka State after re-organization of states. Recorded history of this

district dates back to the 6th Century A.D. The Rashtrakutas gained control over the

area but the Chalukyas regained their domain within a short period and regained

Districts Persons Male Female

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Gulbarga 56.44 51.75 71.40 66.82 62.48 80.75 46.02 40.98 62.06

Yadgir 43.56 41.42 58.27 54.52 52.57 68.04 32.65 30.28 48.73

Bidar 61.54 60.26 74.54 70.88 69.76 82.41 51.93 50.47 66.62

Raichur 44.41 42.92 59.25 55.79 54.41 69.37 33.33 31.73 49.24

Koppal 60.96 60.29 69.45 72.08 71.62 78.20 49.69 48.76 61.10

Bellary 55.86 53.26 63.21 66.30 64.13 72.54 45.50 42.35 54.23

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supreme for over two hundred years. The Kalahari's who succeeded them ruled till

the 12th

Century AD, around the close of the 12th

century. The District was under the

rule of Nijams of Hyderabad before independence. The district has a rich background

of knowledge and culture. The existence of university at Nagai in Chitapur,

Vignaneeshwaras Mitakshara, Nrupatungas Kavirajmarg and the religious and social

revolution led by Shivsharanas and the Sufi saint Banda Nawaz are all evidence of it.

However, due to erratic rainfall and continuous occurrence of droughts in the 19th

century the life of the people was never smooth and secure. Further during the

Nizams period, the district could not develop due to the negligence and inefficient

administration. The distance was also a factor contributing to it. Thus it was one of

the most backward districts when it joined the old Mysore State (Fact Finding

Committee 1954). This position has not been changed even after five decades.

The Yadavas of Devagiri and the Hoysalas of Dwarasamadra destroyed the

supremacy of the Chalukyas and kalachuris. About the same period the kakatiya

kings of Wrangle came into prominence and the present Gulbarga and Raichur

districts formed part of their domain. The Kakatiya power was subdued in 1321 AD

and the entire Deccan including the district of Gulbarga passed under the control of

the Muslim Emperors of Delhi. The revolt of the Muslim officers appointed from

Delhi resulted in founding of the Bahmani kingdom in 1347 AD, by Hassan Gangu

who chose Gulbarga to be his capital. When the Bahmani dynasty came to an end,

the kingdom broke up into five independent Sultanates and the present Gulbarga

district came partly under Bidar and partly under Bijapur.

With the conquest of the Deccan by Aurangzeb in the 17th century, Gulbarga

passed back to the Mughal Empire. In the early part of the 18th century when Mughal

Empire was declining Asaf Jha a general of Aurangzeb became independent and

formed the Hyderabad State in which a major part of Gulbarga area was also

included. In 1948 Hyderabad state became a part of Indian Union and in 1956,

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excluding two talukas which were annexed to Andhra Pradesh the remaining talukas

of Gulbarga district became part of New Mysore State. Gulbarga is 613 Km north of

Bangalore and well connected by road to Bijapur, Hyderabad and Bidar. Train from

southern part of India to Mumbai and Delhi passes through Gulbarga. Shri Kshetra

Gangapur and well known pilgrimage of God Shri Sadguru Dattarya is very close

from Gulbarga.

The climate of the district is generally dry and healthy with temperature

ranging from 5c to 45c and an annual rainfall of about 750mm. The entire district is

situated in Deccan Plateau and the general elevation ranges from 300 to 750 meters

above MSL. Two main rivers, Krishna and Bhima, flow in the district. The

predominant type of soil in the district is black soil. The district has a large number

of tanks which in addition to the river irrigate the land. The Upper Krishna Project is

major irrigational venture in the district. Jowar, groundnut, rice, and pulses are the

main crops. Gulbarga an industrially backward district is presently showing signs of

growth in the cement, textile, leather and chemical industries sectors. Gulbarga has a

University with Medical and Engineering Colleges. This town was the Bahmani

capital from 1347 until its transfer to Bidar in 1428 Later the kingdom broke up into

a number of smaller kingdoms -Bijapur, Bidar, Berar, Ahmednager and Golconda.

The last of these, Golconda, finally fell to Aurangzeb in 1687. Gulbarga‟s old mooted

fort is in a much deteriorated state, but it has a number of interesting buildings inside

including the Jama Masjid, reputed to have been built by a Moorish architect during

the late 14th or early 15th century who imitated the great mosque in Cordoba, Spain.

The mosque is unique in India, with a huge dome covering the whole area, four

smaller ones at the corners, and 75 smaller still all the way around.

The fort itself has 15 towers. Gulbarga also has a number of imposing tombs

of Bahmani kings, a shrine to an important Muslim saint and the Sharana

Basaveshwara temple. Gulbarga district is one of the three districts that were

182

transferred from Hyderabad State to Karnataka state at the time of re-organization of

the state in 1956. The district is one among the 30 districts of Karnataka State. It is

located in the Northern part of the state and lies between North latitude 17 10 and 17

45 and between east longitude 76 10 and 77 45 The District is a biggest district in the

state covering 8.49percent of the area and 5.9 present of population of the state. It is

bounded on the west by Bijapur district of Karnataka and Sholapur district of

Maharashtra, on the west by Bijapur district of Andhra Pradesh, on the north by

Bidar district of and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra and on the south by Raichur

district of Karnataka. They are Afzalpur, Aland, Chincholli, Chittapur, Gulbarga,

Jewargi, Sedam, Shahapur, Shorapur and Yadagir.

Table-4.8

SC ST population in Gulbarga District 2001-2011

Source: District at a glance-2011

The above table indicates SC/ST population of Gulbarga district compared

with Karnataka state SC/ST population. In 2001 total SC/ST population of Gulbarga

was 23.77 percent and 2.17 percent which has been increased to 25.28 percent and

2.54 percent in 2011 for the same period the SC/ST population in Karnataka was

16.20 percent and 6.55 percent and 17.15 percent, 6.95 percent respectively.

District/State Caste 2001 2011

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total

Gulbarga SC 18.67 26.15 23.77 19.04 28.29 25.28

ST 1.17 2.63 2.17 1.82 2.89 2.54

Karnataka SC 11.95 18.39 16.20 12.61 20.01 17.15

ST 2.95 8.41 6.55 3.47 9.15 6.95

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Table-4.9

SC/ST population in Gulbarga District 2001-2011

T

Souce: Census 2001 & 2011 GOI.

The above table shows that total SC and ST population of the district was

(5641.72) 25.94 percent in 2001 and it has been increased to (7140.41) 27.84

Percent in 2011.Maximum number of SC/ST population is in Chincholi, Chittapur

taluks of the district and less number of SC/ST population is in Afzalpur Aland and

Gulbarga.

4.9 Socio-economic background:

In recent years the High Power Committee was constituted by the Government of

Karnataka to look into the problem of regional imbalances in the state. The

Committee (popularly known as Dr..D.M.Nanjundappa Committee) submitted its

report in 2002. The committee, on the basis of various socio-economic indicators

Taluks

2001 In

Total

population

2011 In

Total

popul

ation SC ST Total SC ST Total

Afzalpur 32103 3720 35823 19.89 44188 2146 46334 21.04

Aland 67652 6194 73846 24.85 85516 6843 92359 26.98

Chincholi 74337 5153 79490 34.64 91820 9601 101421 39.92

Chittapur 107406 5789 613195 30.86 128231 7413 135644 33.64

Gulbarga 138047 9986 148033 21.91 172610 17526 190136 22.89

Jewargi 46806 11221 58027 24.66 64669 16747 81416 27.41

Sedam 50686 5839 565251 28.42 61748 4983 66731 30.40

District 517037

(23.77) 47135 5641.72 25.94

648782

(25.28) 65259 714041 27.84

184

assessed the development of 175 talukas in the state. The Committee has identified

nine talukas among the ten talukas in Gulbarga district as the most backward taluka.

The district has total area of 16174 Sq. Kms. This constitutes 5.93percent of the area

of the state. The region is characterized by black cotton soil, expanses of flat treeless

surface, a range of hills covering a surface of about 60 miles and same lower belts

following the main rivers. The district is devoid of forest except in the hilly portion

of Aland and Chincholi. The area under forest is 4.2 % of the total area.

Table-4.10

Literacy Rate- Scheduled Caste in Gulbarga District

(In percentage)

Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.

The above table shows the literacy rate of Sc population in the district.

Gulbarga district is one among the bottom five districts of the state in terms of

literacy. Except Gulbarga Taluk all the taluks have below 25 percent of female

literacy rate. When compared with rural urban literacy rate rural literacy rate is very

less. Sedam taluk has very less literacy rate and Gulbarga taluk has high literacy

rate among taluks of the district. The literacy rate of scheduled caste is supposed to

be increased due to various measures.

Talukas Total Rural Urban

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Afzalpur 45.7 24.4 35.4 45.07 23.43 34.59 51.04 32.21 42.14

Aland 46.8 25.1 36.3 46.12 24.43 35.53 57.14 37.06 47.78

Chincholi 41 20 30.8 44.12 23.65 34.31 66.23 46.31 56.74

Chittapur 43 24.84 34.08 39.3 19.2 29.75 56.7 35 47.19

Gulbarga 54.7 34.1 44.8 28.9 13.98 21.47 51.47 30.15 41.14

Jewargi 36.8 18 27.5 35.38 18.66 27.15 55.48 35.08 45.5

Sedam 32.8 16.6 24.7 35.4 16.88 26.27 53.04 30.95 42.54

Total 300.8 163.04 233.58 274.29 140.23 209.07 391.1 246.76 323.03

185

Table-4.11

Literacy Rate- Scheduled Tribe in Gulbarga District

(In percentage)

Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.

The above table presents the information about literacy rate of ST population

in the district. Gulbarga district is one among the bottom five districts of the state in

terms of literacy. Gulbarga Taluk Male and female literacy rate is more and in Sedam

it is very less. When compared with rural urban literacy rate rural literacy rate is

very less, except Gulbarga taluk Afzalpur, Aland, Chincholi taluks have better

literacy rate in the district, Sedam,Chittapur,Jewargi have less literacy rate . The

literacy rate of scheduled caste is supposed to be increased due to various measures.

4.10 Cropping Pattern:

The cropping pattern is mainly dominated by food crops. Tur is the main crop

produced in the district. The district is called as Tur Bowl of the state. Jawar is the

other main food crop Sunflower and Groundnut are the major oilseeds which occupy

the area of 1783870 and 59047 respectively.

Talukas Male Female Total Rural Urban

Afzalpur 48.4 28.6 39 39 39.6

Aland 46.8 25.2 36.4 36.2 42.1

Chincholi 50.2 27.3 39 38.6 47

Chittapur 38.4 19.9 29.4 24.6 47.1

Gulbarga 55.2 35.9 45.9 33 60.7

Jewargi 37 15.7 26.5 25.6 38.4

Sedam 34.5 17 25.6 24 32.2

Total 310.5 169.6 241.8 221 307.1

186

Table-4.12

Area Irrigated through various sources in Gulbarga District

Taluka Canals Tanks Wells Bore

wells

Lift

Irrigation

Other

Sources

Total

Afzalpur --- 67 8891 970 60 1653 11641

Aland --- 165 6045 --- 247 177 7297

Chincholi 1529 324 544 799 --- 158 3354

Chittapur --- --- 538 265 --- 518 1321

Gulbarga 77 45 3112 202 --- --- 3436

Jewargi 16859 --- 6000 330 --- 592 23781

Sedam --- 480 1215 179 --- 293 2167

Total 18465 1081 26345 2745 307 3391 52997

Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.

The above table shows irrigation facilities in the district. The district is

irrigated through Canals, Tanks, Wells, Bore wells, Lift irrigation and other sources

maximum Jewargi and Afzalpur taluks of the district have maximum irrigation

facility followed by Aland,Gulbarga and Chincholi and chittapur, Sedam with less

irrigation facility.

Table-4.13

Distribution of Land holding in the district

Number Percentage Area Percentage

Marginal 112331 20.46 13463 1

Holding

Small holdings 191271 34.86 281868 20.93

Semi Medium 158492 28.87 435718 32.36

Medium 73750 13.45 435001 32.32

Large 12956 2.36 180220 13.39

Total 548808 100 1346270 100 Source: Gulbarga district at a glance

The distribution of land holdings indicates the domination of semi medium

holdings, small holdings. They form 28.87 and 34.86 percent respectively and they

cover a maximum area of 32.36 and 20.93, medium holdings cover an area of 32.32

percent, shows that maximum number of land holders have small, medium semi land

holdings only a very less percent of land holders have large landholdings.

187

Table-4.14

Land under Cultivation in Gulbarga District

Taluka Net area

sown (Ha)

Area sown more

than once

Total cropped

area

Area under Food

grains

Afzalpur 105000 11000 116000 84926

Aland 128354 3800 166354 115484

Chincholi 100724 23416 124140 104319

Chittapur 124944 15000 139944 131719

Gulbarga 127695 19510 147205 116151

Jewargi 164017 24451 188468 133700

Sedam 81850 13517 95367 88854

District 832584 110694 977478 775153 Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.

The above table shows land cultivation details of the district, the total

cultivated land is 832584 hectares in which highest land is used for food grain

production highest food grains produced in Jewargi and Chittapur taluks less in

Afzalpur. Net are sown was highest in Jewargi and very less in Sedam.

Table-4.15

Area under Principal Crops Cereals in Gulbarga (in Ha)

Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.

Taluka Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Wheat

Other

cereals

&

Minor

Millets

Total

Cereals

&

Minor

Millets

Afzalpur 71 26645 6105 440 3255 14 36530

Aland 651 30190 11172 564 3542 2 46121

Chincholi 225 22267 1314 72 139 15 24032

Chittapur 632 25690 3232 43 680 13 30290

Gulbarga 585 33753 8455 245 1829 27 44894

Jewargi 2894 37410 6320 346 4894 13 51877

Sedam 1105 19941 408 0 185 3 21642

District 6163 195896 37006 1710 14524 87 255386

188

The above table shows the principle crops produced in the district overall

jowar is produced maximum and Bajra, Maize production is less it indicates that in

this region Jowar is produced in all taluks maximally.

Table-4.16

Area under Principal Crops Ha (Pulses)

Pulses

Taluka Tur Horse

gram

Black

gram

Green

gram

Av

are

Cow

pea

Bengal

gram

Other

Total

Afzalpur 50968 325 300 510 15 120 22524 28 74520

Aland 44569 186 11579 1640 163 450 18452 70 77109

Chincholi 42050 20 12210 6500 --- 45 14610 --- 75435

Chittapur 55650 167 2096 3216 140 170 51870 75 113384

Gulbarga 65904 99 3213 2477 21 55 17573 21 89363

Jewargi 65018 415 --- 1934 19 288 16477 315 84466

Sedam 46634 21 822 5628 22 15 25450 25 78617

District 370523 1233 30220 21905 380 1143 166956 534 592894 Source: 2011-12 year report Statistical dept. Gulbarga.

The above table shows the area under cultivation in Hectares in all taluks of

the district Tur is maximum produced. The land used for Tur production is more in

Gulbarga, Jewargi, Afzalpur and Chittapur taluks and Bengal gram is also produced

more in Chittapur and Afzalpur of the district and other pulses produced

comparatively less.

Table-4.17

Medium Agri land holder (below 1 Ha) (SC)

Source: Agri census 2010-11 Bangalore

Taluks Number Area

Male Female Institut

ions

Total Male Female Institu

tions

Total

Afzalpur 1005 324 458 1329 614 235 462 849

Aland 2642 762 --- 3404 1630 569 --- 2199

Chincholi 3083 1018 --- 4101 1828 742 --- 2570

Chittapur 3002 658 --- 3660 1747 454 --- 2201

Gulbarga 2488 633 --- 3121 1491 430 --- 1921

Jewargi 1469 584 --- 2053 918 434 --- 1352

Sedam 2814 555 --- 3369 1492 327 --- 1818

Total 16503 4534 --- 21037 9720 3191 --- 12911

189

The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to

Scheduled castes of the district, majority of landholders are in Chincholi, Chittapur,

Aland and Gulbarga respectively and less in the remaining taluks of the district

shows Scheduled castes have very less land.

Table-4.18

Medium Agri land holder (below 1 Ha) (ST)

Source: Agri census 2010-11 Bangalore

The above table gives information about the medium agriculture land holders

who belong to Scheduled Tribes of the district, majority of landholders are in Sedam,

Jewargi, and Chittapur, respectively and less in the remaining taluks of the district

shows Scheduled tribes have less land.

Taluks Number Area

Male Female Institutions Total Male Female Institutions Total

Afzalpur - - --- --- --- --- --- -

Aland 74 10 --- 84 44 8 --- 52

Chincholi 61 18 --- 79 37 13 --- 50

Chittapur 133 21 --- 154 73 13 --- 86

Gulbarga 52 7 --- 59 32 4 --- 36

Jewargi 182 124 --- 306 122 105 --- 227

Sedam 378 53 --- 431 215 30 --- 245

Total 880 233 --- 1113 523 173 --- 696

190

Table-4.19

Medium Agri land holder (below 1 Ha) (Others)

Taluks Number Area

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Afzalpur 3926 917 4843 2524 599 3123

Aland 8031 1761 9792 6019 1239 7258

Chincholi 6120 1569 7689 3628 983 4611

Chittapur 7801 1605 9406 4555 1031 5586

Gulbarga 6803 1712 8515 4019 1046 5065

Jewargi 7528 1787 9315 4759 1236 6015

Sedam 8114 2033 10147 4297 1101 5398

Total 48323 11384 59707 29801 7255 37056 Source: Agri census 2010-11 Bangalore.

The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to

other category of the district, the number and area of land holders of this category

have more land than Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes when compared. This

shows that Scheduled castes and Tribes still very much backward.

Table-4.20

Physical Progress under MGNREGS in Gulbarga District

Source: Zilla Panchayat Gulbarga. During the year 2011-12

The above table shows the progress under MGNREGS in the district.

Maximum number of job cards issued in Jewargi, Aland, Chincholi and Chittapur

Taluks Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee

Scheme

Job cards

issued

Household

demanded

employment

No.of

persons/Households

worked under

MGNREGS

No.of families

availing 100

days of

employment

Afzalpur 23899 11439 11401 203

Aland 44129 16388 16376 726

Chincholi 35259 1197 12000 331

Chittapur 34751 10905 10905 364

Gulbarga 27123 7787 7786 195

Jewargi 48157 17448 17413 1142

Sedam 27611 5077 4862 144

Total 240929 81041 80743 3105

191

where maximum families availed 100 days of employment but very less number of

job cards issued, only few families availed 100 days of employment in Sedam,

Gulbarga and Afzalpur taluks respectively

Table-4.21

Indira Awas Houses in Gulbarga District

(During the Year 2011-12)

Taluks Indira Awas Houses Clearance development

programmes SC ST OBC Others Total

Afzalpur 491 8 127 264 890

Population

covered

Houses

constructed

Aland 832 33 206 457 1528

Chincholi 749 29 190 418 968

Chittapur 877 38 228 448 1591

Gulbarga 885 35 233 446 1599

Jewargi 645 108 197 465 1415

Sedam 499 43 122 340 1004

Total 4978 294 1303 2838 9413 4164 986 Source: Zilla Panchayat Gulbarga.

The table shows Indira Awas housing facility of the district. Majority of

Scheduled castes were utilized these facilities when compared to Scheduled Tribes

and OBC and Others in Gulbarga, Chittapur and Aland maximum Houses

constructed, and less in other taluks of the district.

Table-4.22

Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Scheme in Gulbarga District

(During the year: 2011-12)

Taluks SC ST OBC Others Total

Afzalpur 148 21 0 0 169

Aland 111 62 0 0 173

Chincholi 110 35 0 0 145

Chittapur 119 36 0 0 155

Gulbarga 128 2 0 0 130

Jewargi 149 31 0 0 180

Sedam 83 41 0 0 124

Total 848 228 0 0 1076

Source: Zilla Panchayat Gulbarga.

192

The above table shows number of houses constructed under

Dr.B.R.Ambedkar scheme Majority of houses constructed in Jewargi, Aland and

Afzalpur, very less houses constructed in Sedam but still majority of houses should

be constructed.

4.11 Raichur:

4.12 History:

Raichur is very rich from the epigraphical point of view also. It has already

yielded hundreds of inscriptions, ranging right from the Mauryan period up to the end

of Muslim period. In a variety of languages like Sanskrit, Prakrit, Kannada, Arabia

and Persian, and belonging to almost, all the dynasties that ruled over the Dekkan.

The most important places from the point of view are Maski, Koppal,

Kuknur, Mudgal and Raichur. The District of Raichur was a part of the

Hyderabad state till the re-organization of state on 1st November 1956. The recorded

history of the district is traced to as far back as the third century B.C. The fact that

three minor rock edicts of Ashoka are found in this district one at Maski in the

Lingasur taluk and the other two near Koppal, prove that this area was included in the

dominos of the great mauryan king Ashoka (273-236 B.C) at that time this region

was under the governance of the viceroy of Mahamatra of Ashoka. Early in the

Christian era, the districts appear to have been a part of the kingdom of the

Satavahanas.

The Vakatakas, who reigned during the 3rd

and 4th

centuries A.D., seem to

have held sway over Raichur for some time after which it appears to have been

included in the Kadamba dominions. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled

over this region, was that of Chalukyas of Badami. According to an inscription from

Aihole, Pulikeshi-II having defeated the Pallavas accupied this area and made it a

province in his empire under the governance of his son Adityavarma. Later the whole

193

of the present Raichur district was included in the dominions of the Rastrakutas, who

rose to power in the eighth century, as could be gathered from the inscriptions of that

period found in this district. According to an inscription from Manvi taluk, one

jagattunga, a subordinate ruler under the Rastrakuta king Krishan-II, was ruling the

province of Adedore Eradusavirapranta, i.e., the area constituting the present Raichur

district, Nripatunga, a Rastrakuta king, has described Koppal in the Kannada work,

kaviraja Marga, as the great Kopananagara. Numerous inscription of the Chalukayas

of Kalyana, found in the various parts of the district, testify to the fact that this region

was under their sway for a considerable length of time between the 10th

and 12th

centuries A.D. It is learnt from an inscription found at Naoli in Lingsugur taluk that

during the region of Chalukya Vikramaditya-2 the Adedore-pranta, i.e., the Raichur

region was being ruled by his younger brother Jagadekamalla-1, another inscription

from Maski describes the place as a capital and makes a reference to the reign of

Jayasimha. There were, however frequent wars between the chola kings of the south

and the Chalukyan kings of Kalyana for supremacy over the Raichur region and the

territory and passed in to the hands of the Cholas for a brief period. The Haihayas

and Sindas also seem to have ruled some parts of this region for some time. Later,

after the face of the Chalukayas, Raichur passed in to the hands of the Kalachuri

kings. Then came the kakatiyas in the 13th

century.

From an inscription on the fort wall of Raichur referred to earlier. It is learn

that the original fort was built by one Gore Gangayya Reddy, a general of the

Kakatiya queen Rudramma Devi of Warangal, in 1294 A.D., at the instance of the

latter. The district of Raichur has a hoary past. It has had an eventful and rich

beginning from the days of the Mauryan king Ashoka. A number of inscription, rocks

edicts & other records, temples, forts and battle fields bear testimony to this fact.

Lying between two important kingdoms is the recent past, it was a part, and it was a

part of the princely state of Hyderabad and since the 1st November 1956. It is a

constituent district of the Mysore state.

194

4.13 Origin of the name Raichur:

The district derives its name from its headquarters town Raichur (origin of

name Rayachooru in Kannada), as do most of the other districts also in the state.

Through many of the villagers roundabout still call the place by the earlier from of

the name which is Rayachooru, however, in modern times, it has come to be

generally written and pronounced in kannada as Rayachooru. The name of this place

which is of considerable antiquity, can be traced back to the Twelth century at least

As Dr. P.B. Desai has pointed out the Raichur fortress was one from at least Three of

the Hoysala inscriptions in kannada in the earliest of these three inscriptions which

was found at Hulkera in Belur taluk of Hassan district (numbered Belur 193 in

Epigraphyia carnatica. Vol-V, patil, 1902) and which belong to the year 1161 A.D.

and the region of Hoysala Narasimha-1 mention is made of the perddore (the Krishna

river) as the northern boundary of Vishnuvardhana‟s kingdom and the Rachavoor as

one of the places conquered by Vishnuvardhana while still a youth. The second of

these inscriptions which was discovered at Hatana in Nagamangala taluk of the

present Mandya district Numbered Nagamangala 70 in epigraphia carnatica, Vol-IV,

part-11, 1898) and which is dated 1178 A.D. when Hoysala Vira-Ballala-II was

ruling, refers topermmana (i.e., permmatna) Rachavoor as one of the numerous forts

which Vishnuvardhana captured with a frown. This litheic record indicates that the

place was known at the time as permma‟s Rachavoor, this permma being probably a

local chieftain.

The third of these inscriptions, which is from Hirchalli in Belur taluk of

Hassan district (numbered Belur 137 in Epigraphy Carnatika. Vol. V-part 1, 1902)

and which is dated 1183 A.D. and is also the reign of Hoysala Vira-Ballala-II

enumerates Rachavoor as one of the place which vishnuvardhana captured by the

might of his arm. From the context of enumeration of places in this inscription and

other account of exploits of Vishnuvardhana, it becomes clear that the place referred

to above as Rachavoor or Rachanoor is Raichur of the present days. Racha being

195

dennied from Raya (i.e., king) and or meaning of place of town. Rachavoor

(Rachatoor) or Rachanoor (Rachatnatoor) means in kannada kings place showing that

it was already an important town in kannada country, By 1294 A.D., pemmana

Rachavoor or Rachanoor has been shortened into Rachoor of Rachooru as is clear

from a kakatiya inscription of that year found on the fortwall of Raichur it‟self. That

this form of the name for the place continued during the Vijayanagara times, at least

upto 1541 A.D. is known from two Kannada inscription of that year found at

Alampur (now in Mahaboobnagar, district of Andra Pradesh) which says that the

king Krishna devaraya captured Rachoor by his expedition in the north. Thus it is

obvious that this historical Rachoor or Rachooru underwent a further slight change in

recent times with the addition of ya between Ra and cha to become the present

Rayachooru. The ya here might be the second letter of the word Raya meaning again

king. In Hindi and Urdu the equivalent of Raya being Rai, it seems to have become

the practice to spelt the name as Raichur in Urdu, Later bringing that usage into

Vogne in English as well. It is narrated that a chieftain on witnessing a strange

spectacle of a rabbit turning on a dog that pursued from and tearing the latter (dog) to

pieces at this spot. Thought that the scene of this heroic and unusual action was bit

place for building a fort and accordingly constructed a formidable fort and named the

place as Naichur which, in Kannada, connotes the idea of the dog being form to

pieces. The present name, Raichur, is said to be have derived from that Naichur. But

this kind of the story is repeated in respect of many forts. It is also said that Rai

meaning stone in Telugu, with one (town), gave rise to Rajooru, that is a town of

stones (because of the rocks in the Vicinity) which become Rayachooru or

Raichooru. These and such other stories can be said to be only conjectures, In view

of the clear historical evidence about the name already explained. It appears that

Raichur had been once renamed Ferozenagar by Bahmani Sulthan, but the

appellation did not stick on to it and it continued to be called by the old name only.

General Information:-

196

4.14 Area:

The district is bounded on the North by the district of Gulbarga, on the West

by the district of Bijapur and Dharwad on the East by the district of Mahaboobnagar

or Andrapradesh, and on the South are the districts of Kurnool also of Andrapradesh

and Bellary. The two rivers, the Krishna and the Tungabhadra from the entire north

and southern boundaries of the district. The geographical area of the district,

according to the central statistical organization of the government of India, is 14,013

Sq. Kilometers which works out of 5,410 sq miles. But the reporting area of the

district for a land utilization purposes, as worked out by the commissioner for survey,

settlement and records in Mysore, Bangalore is 14007.9 sq kilometers or 5,435.5 sq

miles. This slight difference is due to the different methods employed by them in

measuring the area.

4.15 Climate:

The only meteorological observatory in the district is at Raichur. The data of

this observatory may be taken as representative of the conditions in the district.

December is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 29.3

Degree c. (84.8F) and the mean daily minimum at 17.7c (63.9F). The heights are

generally cool in the season, but day temperatures sometimes reach 35 to 38 D.C.

The period from about the middle of February to May is one of continuous rise in

Temperature, may is the hottest month, the mean daily maximum temperature being

39.3 D.C. (103.7F) the heat is oppressive till the onset of the South west monsoon by

about the first week of June. There after the weather becomes slightly cooler and

continuous to be so till the end of the South west monsoon season. Day temperature

shows a slight increase in October from November both days and might temperature

gradually decrease till December. The highest maximum temperature recorded at

Raichur was 45.60 (114.1F) on 23rd

may 1928 and the lowest minimum was 10 C.

(50.F) on 14 January 1899 and 13th

December 1945.

197

4.16 Geography:

The under taking block cotton soil strips cut by numerous Nalas.

Characterized the reason of the Dharwar Distrists which is now practically denuded

of trees and presents a monotonous landscape, while the gneissic region is generally

more or less broken and covered with a thin mantle of red loamy soil. Gneissic hills

sedimentary formations, which cover a small belt of region adjoining the confluence

of the Krishna and Tungha Bhadra Rivers, occupy more or less flat plateaus.

Regionally viewed, the hills in the area present some structure features which are of

contrast in relation to the geology of the area.

4.17 Location:

Raichur district lies between 15 deg. 09 minimum and 16 deg.34 minimum.

North latitude and 75 deg 46 minimum and 77deg.35 minimum, East longitude and

in between two Major rivers Viz., Krishna & the Tungabhadra the general slop of the

district is from the north-west towards the south east. It‟s average height above the

mean sea level being just 1.311 feet.

4.18 General Boundaries:

The district is bounded on the north by the district of Gulburga, on the west by

the district of Bijapur and Dharwar, on the east by the district of Mahaboobnagar of

Andrapradesh and on the south by the districts of Kurnool, also of Andrapradesh and

Bellary. The two rivers Krishna and the Tungabhadra, from the entire northern and

southern boundaries of the district.

4.19 Rainfall:

Lingsugur gets the least amount of rainfall in the district, while towards the

south as well as the east, rainfall increases during the south west monsoon months.

Viz., June to September, the district received about 71percent of the annual rainfall.

198

4.20 Humidity:

The district on the whole has a dry climate, the period from November to May

being the driest post of the year. Even during south-west monsoon period the

humidity are not so high.

4.21 Introduction:

Provision of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14

years is a constitutional directive. The recent efforts to make education a fundamental

right reflect an increased national commitment to achieve the goal of universalization

of elementary education (UEE). There has been a demand from parents for attention

to the education of their children. Simultaneous efforts were taken to focus on the

Universalization of primary education. The district has made steady progress in

achieving, universalization of elementary education, though the progress has been

uneven in different blocks. Increased enrolment, retention and achievement at the

primary stage have in turn generated growing demand for upper primary education.

Critical elements of a plan to achieve Universalization of Elementary Education:

Raichur district, being one of the DPEP Phase-1 districts, requires planning

for UEE according to a realizable and realistic time frame. The plan has been

developed keeping the following three major components. The first are the supply

side interventions which comprise conventional mechanisms already existing in the

state, and include the opening of schools, provision of teachers, constructions and

maintenance of buildings, as well as the entire of incentives provided to children in

the form of food grains, textbooks, uniforms, etc., to enhance enrolment and

attendance on this side of the spectrum greater attention will have to be paid to

providing alternate schooling. The second major component would be close that can

broadly come under interventions promoting „demand‟ for schooling. These would

principally comprise community based interventions. This would include efforts at

strengthening people‟s groups (VECS & SDMCS), and using other media to enhance

199

community awareness, such as Kalajathas and Chinnara meals, these two

components require to be backed by adequate provisions in the budgets. The third

major component for successful planning for UEE could broadly be categorized

under institutional support. This would principally necessitate a major initiative to

reform the existing management structures. In specific terms this would mean a re-

orientation of the education system to make it move away from a regulatory frame

work to one that focuses on programme support within a child centered approach. An

efficient management structure will also require the successful implementation of an

educational MIS, which takes advantage of technology and is at the same time cost

effective and sustainable. Quality in education is the major concern in the field of

education these days. However quality is an abstract concept and relative one.

Transforming this abstract concept in to a reality is a challenge before us, the above

discussed three components of education center round quality in education.

Table-4.23

Area and Population in Raichur District

Name of

the Taluk

Geograp

hical

area

(Sq.kms)

2001

census

2011 Census population Total No. of Households

Total Male Female Urban Rural Total

Devadurga 1508 280606 140165 140441 5126 43311 48437

Lingasugur 1948 385699 194363 191336 16297 52181 68478

Manvi 1793 370670 184163 186507 9137 62462 71599

Raichur 1535 498637 249556 249081 96268 267585 363853

Sindhanoor 1599 393200 196264 196936 15040 61432 76472

Total 8383 1928812 964511 964301 141868 486971 628839

Decimal

growth rate

2001

14.57

Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census, GOI

The above table shows the population census of Raichur district and total

number of households in the district the area of the district is 8383 sq.km in which

Lingasugur taluk is geographically big taluk than other taluks of the district and

200

Devadurga is small. According to census 2011 Raichur taluk is most populated

among all taluks and Devadurga is least populated.

Table-4.24

Area and Population of SC in Raichur District

Sl.

no

Name of the

Taluk

Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Devadurga 2668 2490 5158 27636 27684 55320

2 Lingasugur 8459 8501 16960 36892 35840 72732

3 Manvi 3405 3415 6820 35343 35893 71236

4 Raichur 24982 25307 50289 27300 27260 54560

5 Sindhanoor 4016 4109 8125 29658 30075 59733

Total 43530 43822 87352 15629 156752 313581

Total

SC Urban

17.81

Total

SC Rural

21.80

Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census, GOI.

The above table shows Scheduled castes population of the district according to

2011 census. Total 17.81 percent of Scheduled castes living in urban area of the

district and 21.80 percent of them living in rural areas of the district majority of

Scheduled castes living in Raichur urban, in rural area majority of Scheduled caste

living in Lingasugur and Manvi taluks followed by other taluks of the district.

Table-4.25

Area and Population of ST in Raichur District

Sl.

no

Name of the

Taluk

ST Urban ST Rural

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Devadurga 4300 4171 8471 43772 44292 88064

2 Lingasugur 2569 2627 5196 30227 30166 60393

3 Manvi 2750 2765 5515 41226 42449 83675

4 Raichur 5258 5284 10542 26051 26585 52636

5 Sindhanoor 1631 1693 3324 24317 24938 49255

Total 16508 16540 33048 165593 168430 334023

Total

ST Urban

20.19

Total

ST Rural

31.52

Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census.

201

The above table shows Scheduled Tribes population of the district as per 2011

census. Total 20.19 percent of Scheduled Tribes living in urban area of the district

and 31.52 percent of them is living in rural areas of the district majority of Scheduled

Tribes living in Raichur urban, in rural area majority of Scheduled Tribes living in

Devadurga and Manvi taluks followed by other taluks of the district.

Table-4.26

SC and ST Households in Raichur District

Name of the

Taluk

Scheduled Caste total No.

of Households

Scheduled Tribes

total No.of Households

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total

1 Devadurga 675 7467 8142 1086 11576 12662

2 Lingasugur 2490 9299 11789 881 8020 8838

3 Manvi 1004 10938 11942 961 13675 14636

4 Raichur 7795 8130 15925 1845 8387 10232

5 Sindhanoor 1225 10272 11497 498 8247 8745

Total 13189 46106 59295 5208 49905 55113 Source: Census 2011, GOI.

The above table shows the total number of households of Scheduled castes and

Scheduled Tribes. According to 2011 census majority of SC households in Raichur

taluk and the number of households found in Devadurga is less when compared.

Majority of ST households found in Manvi and Devadurga Taluks, followed by other

taluks

Table-4.27

Most Backward Talukas of Raichur District in Karnataka State

Source: Report of the High Power Committee for Redressal of Regional Imbalance in

Karnataka, Govt. of Karnataka Bangalore 2002.

Sl.

No Taluka Rank in State Index

1 Devadurga 155 0.72

2 Lingasugur 165 0.65

3 Manvi 170 0.62

4 Raichur 172 0.61

5 Sindhanoor 173 0.57

202

Above table shows the Human development index of Raichur district its rank is 27th

in the state which shows that it is one of the most backward districts of this region.

Table-4.28

Literacy of Raichur District

As per 2011 census

Taluks Rural Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Devadurga 61006 38116 99122 9536 7390 16926 70542 45506 116048

Lingasugur 87275 54715 141990 32208 25019 57227 119483 79734 199217

Manvi 87594 58539 146133 15107 12140 27247 102701 70679 173380

Raichur 66734 41939 108673 93844 76561 170405 160578 118500 279078

Sindhanoor 96978 66544 163522 26931 21593 48524 123909 88137 212046

Total 399587 259853 659440 177626 142703 320329 577213 402556 979769

Total

Literacy

rate of the

District

66.01 42.37 54.11 83.10 67.10 75.12

Source: Census 2011, GOI.

The above table shows the literacy rate of the district. According to census

2011 the district literacy rate is more in urban area of the district especially in

Raichur taluk,less in Devadurga when compared with rural areas, female literacy rate

is less in both rural and urban areas of the district especially very less in Devadurga.

Table-4.29

Principal crops of the District

Area of principle crops (Agri year 2011-12)

Sl.

No

Taluks Cereals area (Hectare)

Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Raagi Wheat Other

minor

millets

Total

cereals

&

minor

millets

1 Devadurga 14750 7769 7225 15 0 182 0 29941

2 Lingasugur 5653 40653 29524 481 0 2116 0 78427

3 Manvi 40687 18171 3297 25 0 9 0 62189

4 Raichur 13490 4134 780 0 0 0 0 18404

5 Sindhanoor 68120 15411 5390 166 0 0 30 89117

Total 142700 86138 46216 687 0 2307 30 278078 Source: District statistical office Raichur.

203

The above table shows the production of principal crops in the districts paddy

is cultivated in maximum area in the district and followed by Jowar and Bajra in this

area Maize and Wheat cultivation is less.

Table-4.30

Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (SC)

Source: District statistical office Raichur.

The above provides the information about medium agriculture land holders

who belong to Scheduled castes of the district, area wise is landholders are maximum

in Manvi, Devadurga, Sindhanoor , less in Raichur Lingasugur, it also shows that the

number of land holders are more in Raichur, Devadurga and remaining taluks with

somewhat less land holders.

Table-4.31

Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (ST)

Source: Raichur district at a glance, as per 2010-11 Census

Name of the

Taluk

Number Area

Male Female Inst

ituti

ons

Total Male Female Institut

ions

Total

Devadurga 2955 576 0 3531 1801.24 377.78 0 2179.02

Lingasugur 1891 407 0 2298 1214.15 269.96 0 1484.11

Manvi 2804 1034 0 3838 1638.57 584.79 0 2223.36

Raichur 3016 196 0 3212 1620.27 110.00 0 1730.27

Sindhanoor 2051 889 0 2940 1240.69 540.69 0 1781.38

Total 12717 3102 0 15819 7514.92 1883.22 0 9398.14

Name of

the Taluk

Number Area

Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Tot Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total

Devadurga 4765 752 0 5517 2758.71 463.60 0 3222.31

Lingasugur 1769 297 0 2066 1145.76 199.65 0 1345.41

Manvi 4142 1092 0 5234 2452.85 673.84 0 3126.69

Raichur 3600 304 0 3904 1870.00 160.59 0 2030.59

Sindhanoor 2053 722 0 2775 1245.37 434.47 0 1679.84

Total 16329 3167 0 19496 9472.69 1932.15 0 1140.84

204

The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who

belong to Scheduled Tribes of the district, area wise is landholders are maximum in

Devadurga, Manvi, less in Raichur Lingasugur and Lingasugur taluks.

Table-4.32

Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (Others)

Source: Agri census, Economic & Statistical office Bangalore

Raichur district at a glance-2012-13

The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to

other category of the district, area wise is majority of landholders are in Sindhanoor,

Raichur Somewhat less in Manvi, Devadurga it also shows that the number of land

holders are more in Manvi, Raichur somewhat less land holders in other taluks of the

district.

Table-4.33

Indira Awas Houses in Raichur District

Source: Zilla panchayat Raichur 2012-13

Name of

the Taluk

Number Area

Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total

Devadurga 6646 1143 0 7789 3897.85 707.13 0 4604.98

Lingasugur 6835 1530 0 8365 4197.14 1008.24 0 5205.38

Manvi 12456 3956 0 16412 6907.12 2399.45 0 9306.57

Raichur 10768 1226 0 11994 5577.69 694.17 0 6271.86

Sindhanoor 14949 6598 0 21547 8156.92 3818.70 0 11975.62

Total 51654 14453 0 66107 28736.72 8627.69 0 37364.41

Sl.

No

Name of the

Taluk

Indira Awas Houses

Scheduled

Caste

Scheduled

Tribe

Backward

Class

Others Total

1 Devadurga 0 0 0 0 0

2 Lingasugur 568 329 422 202 1521

3 Manvi 908 916 464 791 3082

4 Raichur 0 0 0 0 0

5 Sindhanoor 940 754 0 1124 2818

Total 2416 2002 886 2117 7421

205

The table shows Indira Awas housing facility of the district. Majority of

Scheduled castes were utilized these facilities when compared to Scheduled Tribes

and OBC and Others in Sindhanoor, Manvi and Lingasugur maximum Houses

constructed and less in other taluks of the district.

4.22 Bidar:

4.23 History:

The name of Bidar appears to be derived from 'bidiru' which means bamboo.

The place seems to have been known for bamboo clusters in the past, came to be

known as 'Bidaroor' and then 'Bidare', 'Bidar'. Though there are other versions of

origin, the name 'Bidarooru' seems to be more near one and authenticated by

contemporary literary works.

4.24 The Land:

Bidar is a charming district one of its charms being a very bracing climate

practically throughout the district and for the greater part of the year. April and may

are the hot months, but even during this hot weather period, the heat is often broken

by sharp and sudden thunder showers. By early June the south-west monsoon sets in

with all its pleasant coolness and the weather is back to its bracing glory. The cold

weather is never too cold and the rainfall is never excessive though its excessive

variation is often the cause, symptom and malaise of severe droughts. One other

aspect of its charm is that it is full of history- every village and town being replete

with monuments, legends, stories of velour, romance of beautiful princesses, long

forgotten battles, feuding military adventurers and even of social reform movements

that shook the very foundation and structure of medieval Hinduism. Almost 700

kilometers from Bangalore, Bidar lies at the farthest north-eastern corner of

Karnataka. Bifurcated and truncated during the re-organization of states in 1956, it is

only a fraction of its vast expanse in the erstwhile state of Hyderabad. Present day

206

Bidar covering an expanse of 5448 square kilometers of land lies between 17 o

35 !!

and 18o 25

!! North latitudes and 76

0 42

!! minutes and 77

0 39

!! east longitudes, with the

districts of Nizamabad and Medak in Andhra Pradesh on the East and the districts of

Nanded and Osmanabad in Maharashtra on the west. On the south lies the district of

Gulbarga of Karnataka. This central position in the Deccan had for long imparted to

Bidar, the pre-eminent position in the history of the Deccan though to-day it presents

a picture of centuries of neglect and ruin.

4.25 Rain:

The average annual rainfall at Bidar is 885.8mm, about 81percent of annual

rainfall is received during the period from June to September. Maximum rainfall is

recorded in the month of September. The variation in rainfall from year to year is

large and the district is drought-prone. The average numbers of rainy days in the

district are 52. The relative humidity is high during the southwest monsoon, being

between 65 percent to 75percent. Summer is the driest part of the year, when the

relative humidity in the afternoon is between 30percent and 40percent. Winds are

generally moderate in strength with some increase in force during the latter half of

the summer season and during the monsoon. During the southwest monsoon season,

winds mainly blow between the southwest and northeast directions. In the post

monsoon season, winds blow predominantly between north and east directions.

During the winter season winds are variable in directions

4.26 Geology:

The entire district forms a part of the Deccan Plateau and is made up mostly of

solidified lava. The northern part of the district is characterized by expanses of level

and treeless surface punctuated here and there by flat and undulating hillocks, black

soils and basaltic rocks. The southern half of the district is a high plateau about 715

m above mean sea level and is well drained. The average elevation of the district is

207

between 580 to 610 m above mean sea level. Alluvial deposit is normally found

along the banks of the Manjra River and its main tributaries. The district is entirely

covered by the Deccan trap flows of the tertiary period. The Deccan trap is composed

of horizontal flows of basaltic lava. They generally form flat-topped hillocks and

terrace-like features. The physical characteristics of individual flows show

considerable variations. Some flows are hard and massive while others are

weathered, soft and friable. This character has resulted in terraced landscape,

suddenly ending in escarpments.

The traps are seen generally 618 m above mean sea level. These are jointed

and show the characteristics of spherical weathering leaving massive hard cores.

Columnar jointing is predominantly developed in these rocks, besides horizontal

joints, which impart to the rocks bedded appearance. The top layers of the Deccan

trap in parts of Bidar and Humnabad taluk are altered to reddish vesicular laterite,

forming and extensive undulating plateau. The minerals found in the area are

Bauxite, Kaolin and Red ochre. A deposit of highly siliceous bauxite clay has been

located about three kilometers south of Basavakalyan. Similar deposits are noticed

near Alwal and Kamthana Villages of Bidar taluk. A large deposit of Kaolin is

located near Kamthana village. Red ochre deposits are found near Sirsi and Aurad

Village.

4.27 Soils:

Two types of soil is found in the district i.e., Lateritic red soil and black cotton

soil. Aurad and Bhalki taluks have mainly black cotton soil. Bidar and Humnabad

taluks have mainly lateritic red soil. Basavakalyan taluk has both types of soils.

4.28 Climate:

The climate of this district is characterized by general dryness throughout the

year, except during the southwest monsoon. The summer season is from the middle

208

of February to the first week of June. This is followed by southwest monsoon

season, which continues till the end of September. The months of October and

November constitute the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season. The winter

season is from December to middle of February and the temperature begins to

decrease from the end of November, December is the coldest month with mean daily

maximum temperature of 27.3 C and mean daily minimum of 16.4 C. From the

middle of the February, both day and night temperatures begin to rise rapidly. May is

the hottest month with mean daily maximum temperature of 38.8 C and mean daily

minimum of 25.9 C. With the withdrawal of southwest monsoon in the first week of

October, there is slight increase in day temperature but night temperature decreases

steadily. After October, both day and night temperatures decrease progressively. The

highest maximum temperature recorded at Bidar was on 8-5-1931(43.3 degree C) and

the lowest minimum was on 5-1-1901(3.9 degree C).

Table-4.34

Area and Population of Bidar District

Sl.

No

Taluk Geographi

cal area (in

Sq.Km)

Population Decadal

growth rate

in

Percentage

2011

Male Female Total

1 Aurad 1224.4 142309 136091 278400 13.50

2 Basavakalyan 1205.9 176223 169024 345247 15.12

3 Bhalki 1117.3 141603 135747 277350 7.90

4 Bidar 926.0 241095 228846 469941 15.88

5 Humnabad 985.3 169435 162927 332362 12.83

Total 5448.0 870665 832635 1703300 13.38 Source: 2011 Census Bidar district at a glance-2012-13, as per 2011 census

The above table shows the Geographical area of all taluks of the district and

population and decadal growth rate. In terms of area Aurad is biggest among the

taluks with an area of 1224.0 Sq.Kms and Bidar is small with an area of 926

Sq.Kms. Decadal growth rate of the population is highest in Bidar and Basavakalyan,

209

somewhat less in the remaining taluks of the district. In terms of population Bidar is

the most populated taluk and Bhalki with less when compared to other taluks.

Table-4.35

Area and Population of Bidar District-Urban & Rural

Source: District at a glance 2011, as per 2011 census

The above table shows the population of Bidar district as per 2011 census. A

total of 425952 people are living in urban area and 1277348 people are living in

Rural areas of the district further maximum number of people are living in Bidar

taluk and less in Aurad taluk.

Table-4.36

Area and Population of SC in Bidar District

Source: 2011 census and District at a glance,

Taluks Population

2011 census Urban 2011 census Rural

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Aurad 15385 14716 30101 126924 121375 248299

Basavakalyan 36116 33601 69717 140107 135423 275530

Bhalki 20741 19592 40333 120862 116155 237017

Bidar 111470 104550 216020 129625 124296 253921

Humnabad 35701 34078 69781 133732 128849 262581

Total 219415 206537 425952 651250 626098 1277348

Taluks 2011 census Urban SC 2011 census Rural SC Perce

ntage

of SC

popul

ation

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Aurad 4662 4487 9149 40808 38726 79534 31.86

Basavakalyan 4730 4553 9283 34041 32671 66712 22.02

Bhalki 5416 5222 10638 30433 29095 59528 25.30

Bidar 15574 14897 30471 29801 28480 58281 18.89

Humnabad 5014 4811 9825 33801 32563 66364 22.93

Total 35396 33970 69366 168884 161535 330419 23.48

210

The above table shows the Scheduled caste population living in urban and

rural area of the district. According 2011 census, majority of SC population is

residing in rural areas when compared with urban areas. Highest Scheduled caste

population is found in Aurad then in Bhalki and Humnabad taluks of the district.

Table-4.37

Area and Population of ST in Bidar District

Source: 2011 census and District at a glance.

The above table shows the Scheduled caste population living in urban and

rural area of the district. According 2011 census, majority of ST population is

residing in rural areas when compared with urban areas. In urban area the highest

Scheduled Tribe population is found in Bidar followed by Humnabad and

Basavakalyan less in Aurad and Bhalki taluks meanwhile in Rural areas the highest

Scheduled Tribe population is found in Basavakalyan and Humnabad where as less in

Bhalki and Aurad taluks and total ST population is more in Basavakalyan,

Humanabad and Bidar less in Aurad and Bhalki taluks.

Taluks Urban ST

2011 census

Rural ST

2011 census

Percen

tage of

ST

popula

tion

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Aurad 709 723 1432 14922 14228 29150 10.99

Basavakalyan 1782 1670 3452 30229 29129 59358 18.20

Bhalki 930 973 1903 13755 13351 27106 10.46

Bidar 5138 5073 10211 23387 22890 46277 12.02

Humnabad 2031 2034 4065 26904 25964 52868 17.13

Total 10590 10473 21063 109197 105562 214759 13.84

211

Table-4.38

Literacy Rate of Bidar District

As per census 2011(P)

Taluks Rural Urban Total

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Aurad 76.18 56.53 66.57 81.84 65.31 76.75 76.79 57.47 67.34

Basava

kalyan

76.93 56.48 66.87 82.46 72.13 77.46 78.05 59.57 68.98

Bhalki 79.83 59.97 70.07 87.52 72.72 80.34 80.96 61.80 71.56

Bidar 73.48 55.75 64.80 90.81 80.49 85.81 81.53 67.12 74.51

Humnabad 75.14 55.58 65.54 84.02 71.61 77.96 77.01 58.95 68.15

Total 76.28 56.82 66.73 87.42 75.88 81.81 79.09 61.55 70.51

Source: 2011 census and District at a glance.

The above table shows the literacy rate of the district, urban literacy rate is

more when compared to rural and the literacy rate in Bidar, Bhalki is more when

compared with other taluks of the district.

Table-4.39

Area of principal crops in Bidar District

Source: Bidar district at a glance 2012-13

The above table represents the area of principal crops produced in the district

paddy, Jowar,Bajra Maize, Wheat and other cereals are the principal crops of the

district. Jowar, Wheat and paddy are produced more in the district.

Taluks Cereals area (Hectare)

Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Raagi Wheat Other

minor

millets

Total

cereals

& minor

millets

Aurad 406 17144 70 201 0 1088 0 21302

Basavakalyan 1480 13625 3546 580 0 2050 21 12923

Bhalki 667 10994 54 96 0 1112 0 18909

Bidar 1094 9748 65 513 0 740 09 12169

Humnabad 1290 13229 1374 1325 0 1885 0 19103

Total 4937 64740 5109 2715 0 6875 30 84406

212

Table-4.40

Marginal Agri.Land holders SC in Bidar District (Below 1 Ha) (As per 2010-11 Census)

Source: Agri census, Economic & Statistical office Bangalore-2010-11.

The above table shows the agriculture land holders who belong to Scheduled

castes of the district, maximum landholders are in Basavakalyan, Aurad and Bidar

respectively and less in the remaining taluks of the district shows Scheduled castes

have very less land.

Table-4.41

Marginal Agri.Land holders ST in Bidar District (Below 1 Ha)

Name of the

Taluk

Number Area

Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total

Aurad 947 173 0 1120 557.23 101.91 0 659.14

Basavakalyan 1268 252 0 1520 686.81 136.20 0 823.01

Bhalki 1337 429 0 1766 748.01 249.09 0 997.10

Bidar 1955 405 0 2360 1064.27 227.55 0 1292.82

Humnabad 1403 358 0 1761 832.7 214.88 0 1047.58

Total 6910 1617 0 8527 3889.02 929.63 0 4818.65

Source: Agri census, Economic & Statistical office Bangalore-2010-11

Name of the

Taluk Number Area

Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total

Aurad 1666 776 0 2442 988094 557.94 0 1546.88

Basavakalyan 2414 357 0 2771 1365.33 219.74 0 1585.07

Bhalki 1832 409 0 2241 955.52 246.70 0 1202.22

Bidar 1719 358 0 2077 844.98 204.66 0 1049.64

Humnabad 1711 394 0 2105 942.61 252.20 0 1194.81

Total 9342 2294 0 11636 5097.38 1481.24 0 6578.62

213

The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to

Scheduled Tribes of the district, majority of landholders are in Bidar and Humnabad

respectively and less in the remaining taluks of the district shows Scheduled tribes

have less land.

Table-4.42

Marginal Agri.Land holders others in Bidar District (Below 1 Ha)

Name of

the Taluk

Number Area

Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total

Aurad 7473 2219 0 9692 4240.61 1345.81 0 5584.42

Basava

kalyan

10130 2569 0 12699 5738.29 1438.24 0 7176.44

Bhalki 11485 3757 0 15242 6340.29 2162.25 0 8502.54

Bidar 9991 2410 0 12401 5096.93 1252.34 0 6349.27

Humnabad 8062 2357 0 10419 4439.72 1361.17 0 5800.89

Total 47141 13312 0 60453 25855.84 7559.81 0 33415.65

Source: Agri census, Economic & Statistical office Bangalore-2010-11

The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to

other category of the district, the number and area of land holders of this category

have more land than Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes when compared. This

shows that Scheduled castes and Tribes still very much backward.

Table-4.43

Physical Progress under MGNREGS in Bidar District

During 2011-12

Taluks Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

Job cards

issued

Household

demanded

employment

No.of persons/

Households

worked under

MGNREGS

No.of families

availing

100 days

of employment

Aurad 46415 8388 6499 509

Basavakalyan 40471 8701 6724 753

Bhalki 53966 7438 6191 522

Bidar 38814 9380 7653 189

Humnabad 29980 7697 6086 175

Total 209646 41604 33153 2148

Source: Zilla Panchayat Bidar 2012-13

214

The above table shows the progress under MGNREGS in the district.

Maximum number of job cards issued in Bhalki, Aurad Basavakalyan where

maximum families availed 100 days of employment but very less number of job

cards issued, few families availed the 100 days of employment in other taluks

respectively.

Table-4.44

Indira Awas Houses in Bidar District

Sl.

No

Name of the

Taluk

Indira Awas Houses

Scheduled

Caste

Scheduled

Tribe

Backward

Class

Others Total

1 Aurad 48 16 15 32 111

2 Basavakalyan 127 39 59 80 305

3 Bhalki 24 8 13 13 58

4 Bidar 51 29 25 31 136

5 Humnabad 46 12 12 11 81

Total 296 104 124 124 691 Source: Zilla panchayat Bidar 2012-13

The table shows Indira Awas housing facility of the district. Maximum

number of Scheduled castes were utilized these facilities when compared to

Scheduled Tribes and OBC and Others in Basavakalyan, Bidar and Aurad maximum

Houses constructed and less in other taluks of the district.

4.29 Yadgir:

Yadgir district is one of the 30 Districts of Karnataka state in southern India.

This district was carved out from the erstwhile Gulbarga as the 30th

district of

Karnataka on 10 April 2010. Yadgir town is the administrative headquarters of the

district. The district occupies an area of 5,160.88 km².

215

4.30 Divisions and history:

Presently, the district comprises three taluks: Shahpur, Surpur and Yadgir. The

district has 16 hoblies, 117 Gram Panchayets, 519 villages (inhabited & uninhabited)

and four municipalities.

4.31 History:

Yadgir, popularly called as “Yadavagiri” by the local people, was once a

capital of the Yadava Kingdom. Has a rich historical and cultural traditions. Yadavas

chose Yadgir to be their capital and ruled from here from 1347 to 1425 A.D.

Mentioned as Yadgir in ancient inscriptions, Yadgir is popularly known as

“Yadavagiri” by the locals. Yadgir district has its deep roots in history. The famous

dynasties of the south, the Satavahans, the Chalukyas of Badami, the Rastrkuta,

Shahis, the Aidil shahis, the Nizam Shahis have ruled over the district. In 1504

Yadgir (Gulbarga) was permanently annexed to Adil Shahi kingdom of Bijapur. In

1657 with the invasion of Mir Jumla it passed into the hands of Mughals. Later with

the establishment of Asaf Jahi (Nizam) Dynasty of Hyderabad (1724 - 1948) Yadgir

and Gulbarga came under it. In 1863 when Nizam Government formed Jillabandi,

Surpur (Shorapur) became district headquarter, with nine Talukas of which Gulbarga

was one of them. In 1873 Gulbarga was formed into Separate district with seven

talukas. With reorganization of states in 1956 Gulbarga became Part of Karnataka

State and Divisional headquarter. (Yadgir is one of the taluka comes under Gulbarga

district).

The Bahamani rulers built Gulbarga city with Palaces, Mosques, Gumbazs,

Bazaars and other public buildings. There are five score large and small Marques and

three score and ten Darghas in Gulbarga. The City is described as a “Garden of

Gumbazs” So also number of Temples, churches and other religious centers are

spread all over the city. (In Yadgir Yadava dynasty fort situated in middle of the

216

hill.). Inside the fort the Jumma Masjid, a noteworthy monument of Gulbarga is in

well preserved condition. It is said that it resembles the famous mosque of „Cordova‟

city in Spain. The Masjid measuring 216 ft. east-west and 176 ft north south covering

an area of 38016 sq ft. Happens to be the only mosque in India, which is completely

covered. Fergusson observes this “as one of the most remarkable of its class in India

in some respect unique.

Yadgir district is the 2nd smallest district in the state, area wise is very rich in

cultural traditions. The vast stretch of fertile black soil of the district is known for

bumper red gram and jawar crops. The district is a “Daal bowl” of the state. The

district is also known for cluster of cement industries and a distinct stone popularly

known as “Malakheda Stone”. Yadgir has been blessed by the incessant flowing of

two main rivers Krishna and Bhima in addition to these two, a few tributaries flow in

this region.

The upper Krishna project and Shahapur Taluka in Bendebembali “Core

Green Sugar Factory yet to start. Yadgir which is known for of industries is

presently showing great deal of signs of growth in the cement, textile, leather, and

chemical production in the industrial sector. One of the recent developments, where

in the people of Yadgir are proud and boastful is that the establishment of Agriculture

University in Bheemarayana Gudi (B.Gudi). The cabinet meeting held at Gulbarga

on 26 September 2008, has resolved Yadgir will be formed as new district.

Accordingly the Hon'ble Chief Minister declared Yadgir as new district.

Followed by this the Government has appointed an IAS officer as Special Officer for

Yadgir district until the final Notification of district is published in the Karnataka

Gazette. Finally the Government has issued Gazette Notification declared Yadgir as

a 30th

new district of Karnataka State on 26.12.2009. Consequent to Final

Notification the Yadgir district came into existence with effect from 30.12.2009.

217

4.32 Demographics:

According to the 2011 census Yadgir district has a population of

1,172,985, roughly equal to the nation of Timor-Leste or the US state of Rhode

Island. This gives it a ranking of 404th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has

a population density of 224 inhabitants per square kilometer (580 /sq mi). Its

population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.67 percent .Yadgir has

a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 52.36percent.

4.33 Education:

It has 1,024 primary schools, 149 high schools, 40 Pre-University colleges, six

degree colleges, and 1 polytechnic institute. Yadgir district has 933 primary schools

out of which 464 LPS, 469 are higher primary schools and 121 high school having

classes VIII to X are run by education department. There are 1223 Anganwadi

centers run by the Department of Women & Child Development. 605 Schools are

providing lower primary education. Out of 605 schools 464 schools are run by

education department, 1 school by social welfare department, 3 are aided schools and

137 are unaided schools.587 Schools are providing higher primary education. Out of

587 schools 469 schools are run by education department, 15 schools are run by

social welfare department, 26 schools are aided schools, and 77 are unaided

schools.200 Schools are providing High school education. Out of 200 schools 119

schools are run by education department, 16 schools are run by social welfare

department, 15 schools are aided schools and 50 are unaided schools.

A project to support high schools to integrate ICTs with teaching-learning has

been launched with the education department; this includes use of free and open

source applications like Geogebra, Phet, Freemind etc. Participating schools

include GHS Honagera. The project Kalike Samrudhi Upakrama involves an

umbrella of NGOs including Kalike, IT for Change etc. Major institutions are:

218

1.Chiranjeevi Methodist High School (Eng & Kan medium) 2-Mahatma Gandhi High

School & PU Science College 3-Dhoka Jain High School 4-Don Bosco School &

College 5-Jawar Education Society 6-R.V. Education Trust 7-New Kannada Higher

Primary School & College 8-Sri Chennareddy Patil PU College 9-Chiranjeevi

Methodist Composite PU College 10-Governament Degree College 11-Nivedita

Education Society 12-Govt.Junior college. 13.Yadgir polytechnic (Managed by

luqman trust, Gulbarga)

4.34 Medical facilities:

The district has three hospitals, three ayurvedic hospitals, 37 public health

centres, six community health centers, 20 dispensaries and 120 family welfare sub-

centers.

4.35 Scenic and cultural places:

Yadgir itself is a historic place. The fort on the rocky mountain has all the

story hidden within.Scenic beauty of yadgir can only be experienced standing on top

of this mountain. Waterfalls called Dhab Dabi about 5 km from Gurmitkal and about

30 km from yadgir a visual treat in monsoon. 'Chintanalli' famous for the temple of

lord 'Gavi Siddeshwara' where the lord resides in a cave with natural water flowing

over the temple and falling at the entrance and thus making every devotee to have a

shower before having lorded‟s blessings.

There is also a bridge cum barrage constructed across river Bheema which is

some 4 km away from the city well connected by road. It is a place worth watching

especially when the gates are open for water flow. Sleeping Buddha in shahapur

taluk a nature‟s gift to yadgir district. This place formed by four hills looks like a

sleeping Buddha. This is unique, marvelous & amazing spot on the earth.

Waganagera Fort, in Surpur taluk is another jewel added to yadgir's crown. It has its

own story to tell.

219

Table-4.45

Area and Population of Yadgir District

Sl.

No

Name of the

Taluk Geographical area

(Sq.kms)

2001 census

2011 Census population

Male Female Total

1 Shahapur 1687.1 183279 179387 362666

2 Shorapur 1838 208700 203219 411919

3 Yadgir 1709.2 199125 199275 398400

Total 5234.5 591104 581881 1172985

Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census

The above table indicates area and population of the district according to 2001

census the Geographical area of the district. Shorapur taluk with highest geographical

area and followed by Yadgir and Shahapur taluks. According to 2011 census the

population of the district it is found that in Shorapur taluka the population is more

and Yadgir and less in Shahapur taluks of the district.

Table-4.46

Area and Population of SC in Yadgir District

Source: 2011 census

The above table indicates the total SC population residing in Urban and Rural

areas of the district SCs residing in rural areas is more when compared to SCs living

in urban areas Majority of SCs are living in Shorapur taluk followed by other taluks.

Sl.

No

Population

Name of

the Taluk

Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Shahapur 35026 33660 68686 148253 145727 293980

2 Shorapur 25815 25585 51400 182885 177634 360519

3 Yadgir 50419 49988 100417 148696 149287 297983

Total 111270 109233 220503 479834 472648 952482

220

Table-4.47

SC and ST Population in Yadgir District

Source: Census-2001

The above table represents the number of Scheduled caste and Scheduled

Tribe households in Yadgir district. The number of Scheduled caste and Scheduled

Tribe households found in rural areas of all the taluks of the district and less in urban

areas. Majority of Scheduled Casts found in Yadgir taluk and Shahapur taluks

comparatively less in Shorapur taluk and majority of Scheduled Tribes found in

Shorapur taluk comparatively less in Shahapur and Yadgir taluks of the district.

Table-4.48

Scheduled caste population in Yadgir District (Urban & Rural)-2011

Population

Name of the

Taluk

Scheduled Caste (Urban) Scheduled Caste (Rural)

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Shahapur 35026 33660 68686 148253 145727 293980

Shorapur 25815 25585 51400 182885 177634 360519

Yadgir 50429 49988 100417 148696 149287 297983

Total 111270 109233 220503 479834 472648 952482

Source: 2011 Provisional census

The above table shows the area and population of the district according to

2011 census highest Scheduled caste population is living in rural areas of the district.

It is found that in urban areas, highest Scheduled caste living in Yadgir taluk

comparatively less in other remaining taluks and it is found that in rural areas highest

scheduled castes living in Shorapur comparatively less in Yadgir and Shahapur taluks

of the district.

Sl.

No

Name of the

Taluk

SC total Nos of House holds ST total Nos of House

holds

Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total

1 Shahapur 860 10195 11055 287 3815 4102

2 Shorapur 699 9513 10212 1137 9064 10201

3 Yadgir 1809 10872 12681 646 3287 3933

Total 3368 30580 33948 2070 16166 18236

221

Table-4.49

Area and Population in Yadgir District (Urban & Rural)-2001

(As per 2001 census)

Sl.

No

Population

Name of

the Taluk

Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Shahapur 2651 2463 5114 30955 30523 61478

2 Shorapur 2183 2076 4259 28635 28293 56928

3 Yadgir 5196 5016 10212 31462 31105 62567

Total 10030 9555 19585 91052 89921 180973

Source: 2001-census.

The above table shows the area and population of the district according to

2001 census highest Scheduled caste population is living in rural areas of the district.

It is found that in urban areas, highest Scheduled caste population in Yadgir taluk

comparatively less in other remaining taluks and it is also found that in rural areas

highest scheduled castes in Yadgir comparatively less in Shahapur and Shorapur

taluks of the district.

Table-4.50

Literacy of Yadgir District

Name of

the taluk

Literates

Rural Urban Total

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Shahapur 115376 71800 43576 43055 24387 18668 158431 96187 62244

Shorapur 160188 100269 59919 31191 17576 13615 191379 117845 73534

Yadgir 103317 64218 39099 63813 35547 28266 167130 99765 67365

Total 378881 236287 142594 138059 77510 60549 516940 313797 203143

Source: As per 2011 census

222

The above table represents the literacy rate of the district the total number of

literates are more in urban areas and less in rural areas of the district among all taluks

majority of literates found in Shorapur taluk followed by Yadgir and Shahapur taluks

Table-4.51

Literacy rate of Scheduled Caste in Yadgir District-2011

Taluks SC Rural SC Urban

percentage

of SC

population

to total

population

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Shahapur 40037 39499 79536 4654 4522 9176 24

Shorapur 39524 38633 78157 2851 2957 5808 20

Yadgir 41751 42277 84028 8387 8223 16610 25

Total 121312 120409 241721 15892 15702 31594 23

Source: Census 2011

The above table represents the literacy rate of Scheduled castes in urban and

rural area of the district .The literacy rate of Scheduled castes is maximum in rural

areas and less in urban areas majority of Scheduled castes are literate in Yadgir taluk

and Shahapur and less in Shorapur taluks of the district.

Table-4.52

Literacy rate of Scheduled Tribe in Yadgir District-2011

Sl.

No

Taluks ST Rural ST Urban Percentage

of ST

population

to total

population

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Shahapur 14543 14643 29186 1925 1909 3834 9

2 Shorapur 37437 36885 74322 4839 4859 9698 20

3 Yadgir 12594 12622 25216 2226 2367 4593 07

4 Total 64574 64150 128724 8990 9135 18125 13

Source: Census 2011.

223

The above table represents the literacy rate of Scheduled tribes in rural and

urban area of the district. The literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes is maximum in rural

area and less in urban areas majority of Scheduled tribes are literate in Shorapur taluk

and less in Yadgir and Shahapur taluk.

Table-4.53

Marginal Agri. Land holders of SC in Yadgir District (Below 1 Ha)

Source: Zilla Panchayat Yadgir-2012.

The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to

Scheduled castes of the district, majority of landholders are found in Yadgir taluk and

less in other taluks.

Table-4.54

Marginal Agri. Land holders of ST in Yadgir District (Below 1 Ha)

Source: District at a Glance.

Name of

the Taluk

Number Area

Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total

Shahapur 4078 923 0 5001 2431.86 571.64 0 3003.50

Shorapur 3051 529 0 3580 1913.95 332.05 0 2246.00

Yadgir 7125 879 0 8004 3818.87 464.09 0 4282.96

Total 14254 2331 0 6585 8164.68 1367.78 0 9532.46

Name of

the Taluk

Number Area

Male Female Institu

tions

Total Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total

Shahapur 1347 417 0 1774 805.96 273.42 0 1076.38

Shorapur 2645 545 0 3190 1661.18 346.20 0 2007.38

Yadgir 1863 299 0 2162 964.08 156.80 0 1120.88

Total 5865 1261 0 7126 3431.22 776.42 0 4207.64

224

The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to

Scheduled Tribes of the district, majority of landholders are found in Shorapur taluk

and comparatively less in other taluks of the district.

Table-4.55

Marginal Agri.Land holders (Others) (Below 1 Ha)

Source: Zilla Panchayat Yadgir-2012

The above table represents the medium agriculture land holders who belong to

other category of the district, majority of landholders are found in Yadgir taluk and

less in other taluks.

Table-4.56

Physical Progress under MGNREGS in Yadgir District

(During 2011-12)

Taluks Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

Job cards

issued

Household

demanded

employment

No.of

persons/Households

worked under

MGNREGS

No.of families

availing 100

days of

employment

Shahapur 71842 17572 17547 69

Shorapur 96500 13997 13986 475

Yadgir 66197 15868 15769 326

Total 234539 47437 47302 870 Source: Zilla Panchayat Yadgir-2012.

Name of

the

Taluk

Number Area

Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total Male Female Insti

tutio

ns

Total

Shahapur 11430 2367 0 13797 6469.32 1410.40 0 7879.72

Shorapur 10581 2200 0 12781 6290.40 1333.28 0 7623.68

Yadgir 18683 2674 0 21357 9538.17 1330.24 0 10868.41

Total 40694 7241 0 47935 22297.89 4073.92 0 26371.81

225

The above table represents the Physical progress under MGNREGS highest

job cards issued in Shorapur taluk and less in Yadgir where as number of

persons/households worked under this scheme is highest in Shahapur taluk and very

less in Shorapur taluk and more than 450 families availed 100 employments in

Shorapur taluk and very less by Shahapur taluk.

Table-4.57

Houses constructed under Ashraya Scheme in Yadgir District (During 2011-12)

Taluks Scheduled

Caste

Scheduled

Tribe

Backward

Class

Others Total

M F M F M F M F M F

Shahapur 82 25 27 46 180

Shorapur 210 204 78 241 733

Yadgir 245 74 76 187 582

Total 537 303 181 474 1495 Source: Zilla panchayat Yadgir-2012. Note: M=Male, F=Female

The above table shows that the number of houses constructed under Ashraya

scheme maximum number of Indira awas houses constructed for Scheduled castes in

the district followed by other castes and very less houses constructed for OBCs in the

district the total houses constructed in Shorapur is more when compared to other

taluks of the district.

Table-4.58

Indira Awas Houses in Yadgir District (During 2011-12)

Taluks SC ST OBC Others Total

M F M F M F M F M F

Shahapur 0 82 0 25 0 27 0 46 0 180

Shorapur 0 210 0 204 0 78 0 241 0 733

Yadgir 0 245 0 74 0 76 0 187 0 582

Total 0 537 0 303 0 181 0 474 0 1495

Source: Zilla panchayat Yadgir 2012, Note: M=Male, F=Female

226

The above table shows the housing details of the district houses constructed under

Indira awas is comparatively maximum in shorapur taluka and very less in

Shahapur taluk average in Yadgir. The total number of houses constructed for

Scheduled caste female is more when compared to other castes of the district.

Table-4.59

Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Scheme in Yadgir District

(During the year: 2011-12)

Name of

the Taluk

Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Scheme

Scheduled

Caste

Scheduled

Tribe

Backward

Class

Others Total

M F M F M F M F M F

Shahapur 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35

Shorapur 0 40 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 60

Yadgir 0 49 2 11 0 0 0 0 2 60

Total 0 124 2 31 0 0 0 0 2 155

Source: Zilla panchayat Yadgir 2012-13,

Note : M=Male, F=Female

The houses constructed under Dr.Ambedkar scheme in the district, a total of

155 houses constructed in the district in which 124 houses for Scheduled castes and

only 33 houses for Scheduled tribes comparatively less houses constructed for males

in the district.

4.36 Koppal:

4.37 History:

The ruins and remains of the days of Paleolithic period are found in Koppal.

The Rock paintings, Remains of dwellings and antiquities of Neolithic and

Megalithic cultures are traced in Koppal. Two inscriptions of Emperor Ashoka- Shri

Gavimatha Inscription and Palaki gundu Inscription are found in Koppal. Ranna- the

eminent Kannada poet praised the serenity and sanctity of Koppal. The inscriptions

227

of „Shravanabelagola‟ praise „Kopana‟ as the jolliest place. There are more than 100

temples in Kanakagiri and among them 'Lakshmi-Narasimha‟ temple and

„Kanakaraya temple‟ deserve special mention and appreciation. Shri Trillingeshwara

temple in Mudhol and Shri Balleshwara temple in Balageri are examples of

outstanding skill and sculpture. The ruins and remains of the days of Paleolithic

period are found in Koppal. The Rock paintings, Remains of dwellings and

antiquities of Neolithic and Megalithic cultures are traced in Koppal.

Koppal town being the head quarters of district is known for its historical

glory and literary personalities. The other important places of the district are Bhagya

nagar, Kinnal, Itagi, Hulagi, Kukanoor, Kalloor, Gangavati, Kanakagiri, Anegundi,

Gudadur, and Munirabad. Bhagya nagar is known for weaving and many people are

engaged in the work of preparing raw material to prepare wigs and exports to the

other countries, i.e., Switzerland etc, Kinnal is known for its Traditional art in

handicrafts-Toy making, Chowkis, Fruit plates etc., and Itagi is well known for

Mahadeva. Hulagi is famous for Huligemmadevi temple, which is situated on bank

of river Tungabhadra. As many as 50 rice polishing mills are situated in and around

the Gangavathi town. Anegundi once known as Kishkindha is one of the important

place, which is cited in the great epic „Ramayana‟. And the picture shown below is

believed that of shri.Ramas foot mark.

4.38 Introduction:

Koppal, a newborn district of Karnataka state, carved out of Raichur District,

came into existence on 01-04-1998. It is situated between 15* 09' 00" to 16* 03' 30"

North Latitude and 75* 47' 30" to 76* 48' 10" East Longitude. It consists of four

talukas viz: Koppal, Gangavathi, Kushtagi & Yelburga. Koppal district is surrounded

by Raichur district in the east, Gadag district in the West, Bagalkot district in the

north, Bellary district in the south. A Koppal district head quarter is closest to the

world heritage Hampi.

228

4.39 Socio-Economic condition:

The social setup in Koppal district is mainly of traditional style. There are

people practicing different religions like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism and

Buddhism. The main feature of the social climate of the The district is optimized

with religious tolerance and social harmony and peaceful co-existence. Quite natural

to the backwardness, Koppal district has the woman population that is still in the grip

of illiteracy, blind beliefs, evil practices like Devadasi & Child marriage. These

social and economical factors certainly contribute to lack of demand for education in

the district. Major occupation of the district is Agriculture and Major crops are

Sugarcane, cotton, Rice and cereals.

4.40 Geographical features:

Koppal district is situated in northern part of Karnataka State. Koppal district

has four revenue blocks namely, Koppal, Gangavathi, Kushtagi, and Yelburga. The

district head quarter is at Koppal and almost all district offices are exists in Koppal

city. The geographical area of district is 5559 sq meters and the district finds its

position between 15°17‟ to 16°10‟ North latitudes, 75°45‟ to 76°45‟ East longitudes.

Koppal district has 636 villages. The North-East of the district is surrounded by

Raichur District, East by Gadag district, south is Bellary district and South East is

Bagalkot district. The river Tungabhadhra flows along the border of Koppal and

Gangavathi taluk as the district is arid zone area and is surrounded by hills belonging

to Yamini Mountain series. Soil in Koppal district is mainly of moderate, fertility in

nature. Major industry in Koppal district is Cotton textiles. Koppal district is

bountifully blessed with plenty of mineral resources and it is considered to be a

prosperous district. Iron ores are found in old mines in Kustagi taluka, but the Iron

available here contains only 20.40percent of Iron. The Quartz quary that is traced

near Tavarageri in Kustagi taluk is found to be good in preparation of „Ferro-Silicon‟.

Quartz is also found near Alla nagar in Koppal taluka. Quartz is available in plenty

229

that is mainly used in the manufacture of glass. Franchsite and Quartzite of very good

quality, which is used for Mosaic tiles, is available in Bailakampur in Gangavathi

taluka. Red Granite is found near Huligere, and Purtagere in Kustagi taluka. Granite

of superior quality is available in and around Kukanoor in Yelburga taluka.

Madinoor in Koppal taluka and Koodlur in Kustagi are known for soap stone which

is used as filler in the manufacture of pesticides.

4.41 Soil:

Koppal district is having partly red sandy and black cotton soil suitable for

agriculture and horticulture crops. The taluk is having few Rocky Mountains with

exrophytic vegetation.

4.42 Rivers:

The Tungabhadra river is formed by union of two rivers, viz., the Tunga and

the Bhadra, both of which rise at Gaugamela in the Varaha Parvata of the Western

Ghats. This is also a perennial river, very deep in certain places and almost

unaffordable even in the dry season. This river enters the district near Kesalapur

village at the south-western tip of Koppal Taluk. The general slope of the land in the

district being north-west to south-east, the Tungabhadra has a large number of

rivulets and streams serving as tributaries. There is Tungabhadra reservoir at

Munirabad which is in the border of koppal taluk.

4.43 Climate and Rainfall:

The climate of the district is very hot and dry. Hot season starts from middle

of the February to end of May. Southwest monsoon ranges from June to end of

September. Post monsoon is firing the October and November. Cold season is from

December to middle of February. The average rainfall of the district is 572 mm and

average rainy days are 46.

230

4.44 District Population 2011:

In 2011, Koppal had population of 1,389,920 of which male and female were

699,926 and 689,994 respectively. In 2001 census, Koppal had a population of

1,196,089 of which males were 603,312 and remaining 592,777 were females.

Koppal District population constituted 2.28 percent of total Maharashtra population.

In 2001 census, this figure for Koppal District was at 2.26 percent of Maharashtra

population.

4.45 Occupation:

The working population of Koppal district is 46.46percent of the total

population. The main worker population comprises of 35.37percent of the total

population and 11.08percent is the marginal workers, the total working population

22.5 percent, 15.19 percent is cultivators and agricultural workers respectively. The

workers population in the district indicates that cultivators and agricultural labours

dominate the total working population with 37.69 percent. The non-working

population of the district is 53.54 percent.

4.46 Area and Land Utilization pattern:

The total geographical area of Koppal district is 552495 hectares out of which

forest area is 29451 hectares. Land not available for cultivation is 55497 hectares.

Area sown is 396627 hectares. Koppal district is an administrative district in the

state of Karnataka in India. In the past Koppal was referred to as 'Kopana Nagara'.

Hampi, a World heritage center, covers some areas of Koppal District. It is situated

approximately 38 km away. Anegundi is also a famous travel destination. The district

of Koppal has come into existence as recently as 1998. It is located between 15.09'

00"-16. 03' 30" North Latitude and 75. 47' 30" to 76. 48' 10" East Longitude. Koppal

District located in the northern interior of Karnataka has an area of 8,458 sq km. It is

bounded by the districts of Raichur, Bagalkot, Gadag, and Bellary. Koppal district is

231

the best seed production center in the state. Several national seed companies have

seed production centres for flowers, fruits, vegetables and pulses here.

Anegundi, Kanakagiri, Navabrindavana, and Kuknur are the important places

to visit.Geographically, Koppal is a stretch of rocky terrain on one side and acres of

dry land on the other wherein agricultural crops like Jowar, Ground-nuts etc are

grown. Farmers still use the old Bullock-Cart ploughing methods, depending mainly

on the Monsoons which are a rarity in these parts of the world. However, recently

some of them have ventured into high-tech irrigational Farming especially after the

Tungabhadra river waters from the neighbouring town of Munirabad (20kms away

with a huge Dam) is been redirected to the Town to solve its water problems.

4.47 Location:

It is situated approximately 38 km away. Anegundi is also a famous travel

destination. Koppal district is bounded by Raichur district in the east, Gadag district

in the West, Bagalkot district in the north, Bellary district in the south.

4.48 District Density 2011:

The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows density of

Koppal district for 2011 is 250 people per sq. km. In 2001, Koppal district density

was at 215 people per sq. km.

4.49 Literacy Rate 2011:

Average literacy rate of Koppal in 2011 were 68.09 compared to 54.10 of

2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 78.54

and 57.55 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 68.42 and 39.61 in

Koppal District. Total literate in Koppal District were 809,085 of which male and

female were 468,785 and 340,300 respectively. In 2001, Koppal District had 534,547

in its district.

232

4.50 Sex Ratio 2011:

With regards to Sex Ratio in Koppal, it stood at 986 per 1000 male compared

to 2001 census figure of 983. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per

latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. In 2011 census, child sex ratio is 958 girls

per 1000 boys compared to figure of 953 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data.

4.51 Religion-wise Data 2011:

What is the population of Muslim in Koppal? What is Hindu's Population in

Koppal district are questions that are being asked to us. As of now, Government of

India has not declared population of Hindu, Muslim, Sikhs, Christian, Buddhists and

Jains in district of Koppal, Karnataka.

Table-4.60

District Area, Population, Literacy Density details

Description 2011 2001

Actual Population 1,389,920 1,196,089

Male 699,926 603,312

Female 689,994 592,777

Population Growth 16.21% 24.84%

Area Sq. Km 5,570 5,570

Density/km2 250 215

Proportion to Karnataka Population 2.28% 2.26%

Average Literacy 68.09 54.10

Male Literacy 78.54 68.42

Female Literacy 57.55 39.61 Source: Census data 2011.

The above table gives the detailed information about some of the important

aspects such as growth of the population, Literacy and density, population growth

increased from 1196089 to 1389920, population growth rate is 16.21 percent in 2011

as compared to 24.84 in 2001 census this shows the decline in growth rate but when

we compared with Karnataka it is 2.28 percent, 2.26 percent in 2011 2001

respectively only 0.2 percent increased in Karnataka population. Literacy rate has

been increased from 54.10 percent to 68.09 percent.

233

4.52 District Urban Population 2011:

Out of the total Koppal population for 2011 census, 16.81 percent lives in

urban regions of district. In total 233,704 people lives in urban areas of which males

are 116,968 and females are 116,736. Sex Ratio in urban region of Koppal district is

998 as per 2011 census data. Similarly child sex ratio in Koppal district was 973 in

2011 census.

Child population (0-6) in urban region was 31,104 of which males and

females were 15,762 and 15,342. This child population figure of Koppal district is

13.48 percent of total urban population. Average literacy rate in Koppal district as

per census 2011 is 78.03percent of which males and females are 85.48percent and

70.59 percent literates respectively. In actual number 158,084 people are literate in

urban region of which males and females are 86,515 and 71,569 respectively.

4.53 District Rural Population 2011:

As per 2011 census, 83.19 percent population of Koppal districts lives in rural

areas of villages. The total Koppal district population living in rural areas is

1,156,216 of which males and females are 582,958 and 573,258 respectively. In rural

areas of Koppal district, sex ratio is 983 females per 1000 males. If child sex ratio

data of Koppal district is considered, figure is 955 girls per 1000 boys. Child

population in the age 0-6 is 170,550 in rural areas of which males were 87,254 and

females were 83,296.

The child population comprises 14.97percent of total rural population of

Koppal district. Literacy rate in rural areas of Koppal district is 66.05percent as per

census data 2011. Gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 77.12 and 54.85

percent respectively. In total, 651,001 people were literate of which males and

females were 382,270 and 268,731 respectively.

234

Table-4.61

Literacy rate of Scheduled Tribe in Koppal District

(As per 2011 census)

District Person Male Female

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Koppal 60.96 60.29 69.45 72.08 71.62 78.20 49.69 48.76 61.10

Karnataka 62.08 58.99 74.82 71.14 68.54 81.88 52.98 49.39 67.75

Source: Census data 2011

The above table indicates the total literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in the

district as per 2011 census maximum literacy is found in urban areas and

comparatively less in rural. Female literacy rate is very less when compared with

men in the district, the total male literacy rate of the district is 72.08 percent and

female 48.69 percent only overall literacy rate of STs in the district is 60.96 percent.

Table-4.62

Literacy rate of Scheduled Caste in Koppal District

District Person Male Female

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Koppal 59.75 58.32 68.43 70.65 69.48 77.93 48.95 47.21 59.35

Karnataka 65.33 60.44 77.43 74.03 69.98 84.08 56.58 50.82 70.76

Source: Census data 2011, GOI.

The above table indicates the total literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in the

district as per 2011 census maximum literacy is found in urban areas and

comparatively less in rural. Female literacy rate is very less when compared with

men in the district, the total male literacy rate of the district is 70.65 percent and

female 48.69 percent only overall literacy rate of SCs in the district is59.75 percent.

235

4.54 Bellary:

4.55 Introduction:

Bellary district takes its name from the word Balari which refers to goddess

Durugamma as this goddess had marijested herself in the town. Some of the events in

the great epic Ramayana are related to this historical place. It is said that Rama while

searching for Sita met Sugreeva and Hanuman at a place which is very near to

Hampi, the celebrated capital of Vijayanagara kingdom. The history speaks volumes

about significant role it acquired during Satavahanas, Kadambas, Chalukyas of

Kalyana, Kalachuryas, Sevunas and Hoysalas period. There upon the Vijayanagara

rulers built the “City of Victory “on the bank of Tungabhadra River at Hampi in

Hospet Taluk. This area which had witnessed the prosperity to its peak fell into

political turmoil after the fall of Vijayanagara in 1565. This district was transferred to

the erstwhile Mysore State on 1st October 1953 from Madras State. With the re-

organization of the districts during 1997, the number of taluks is reduced to 7. The

Harapanahalli taluk has been transferred to Davanagere district.

Bellary district is spread from South-West to North-East and is situated on the

eastern side of Karnataka State. The district is situated between 14o 30‟ and 15

o 50‟

north latitude and 75o 40‟ and 77

o 11‟ east longitude. This district is bounded by

Raichur district on the north by Dharwad district on the west, Chitradurga and

Davangere districts on the south and Anantapur, Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh

on east. It comes under the administrative control of Gulbarga division and

development jurisdiction of H.K.D.B, Gulbarga. Bellary district is rich in natural

resources which need to be tapped to a great extent for overall development of the

district. This district is endowed with rich mineral resources. It has both metallic and

non-metallic minerals. The metallic minerals include Iron ore, Manganese Ore,

Redoxide, Gold, Copper and Lead. The non-metallic minerals include Andalusite,

Asbestos, Corundum, Chay, Delomite, Limestone, Limekankan, Moulding sand,

quartz., soap stone, granite and red ochre. The metallic minerals are abundant is only

236

three taluks viz., Sandur, Hospet and Bellary in the order of mining activity intensity.

The annual production of Iron ore is anywhere between 2.75 to 4.5 million tonnes

and manganese ore between 0.13 million tonnes to 0.3 million tons (1991). Despite

the availability of minerals in large quantities, this district is considered to be an

industrially backward district. There are 23 units of large and medium scale

industries in this district with an investment of Rs.447.76 cores employing around

9,222 persons at present it occupies ninth place in the state. However with the

commissioning of Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Limited at Sandur the industry scenario

of this district will be undergoing sea changes. It is understood that Mukund Steels

and Kalyani Steels have plans to start industries in this area. The inflow of

investment into these industries would be around Rs.30, 000 Crores. The district will

therefore come under heavy pressure on basic infrastructure such as power,

communication, health, education and police stations which again invite heavy

investment to create the needed infrastructure. Urgent action is needed to pool the

resources under various sectors such as District Sector, State sector, Border Area

Development, HKDB etc., and prepare a perspective plan to the emerging challenges.

It has already drawn the attention of social scientists economists, administrators and

other related functionaries to think over the possible positive and negative impact in

this area.

4.56 Literacy:

“Education is the passport to accelerated economic growth. It is the key to

building human capital and human capital is the vital ingredient in building a nation"

-Mahboob Ul Haq and Khadija Haq Human Development in South Asia 1988. The

GOK spends 32percent of SDP on education. In Bellary District 42percent of Plan

and non-plan expenditure is incurred towards salary component alone. Apart from

this, expenditure is also incurred towards building up of infrastructure facilities in

educational institutions. All this did not have the desired impact on the literacy

237

attainments in the district causing serious concern. The education index 1991 stands

at 0.516 (16th

rank among erstwhile 20 districts) as against the state average of 0.596.

This is a DPEP district. Literacy in general plays a vital role in the overall

development of any society. The literacy rate as per 2011 census was 61.81 percent

continuing education programme project of Rs. 650.00 lakh has been submitted to the

Govt. of India for approval. The pupil teacher ratio works out at 1:51 at Primary

School level as against the existing norms of 1:40.In the context of massive

industrialization taking place in this district education sector assumes more

significant role. The present infrastructure is just inadequate to meet the demand

created by the new industries for technical, skilled and semi-skilled man power.

While highly technical posts are filled up at open competition, preference is given to

locals only in the lower cadre posts. These posts demand certain basic technical

knowledge for which the present educational institutions needs to be increased and

upgraded.

4.57 Health:

"Health is Wealth” Healthy people make healthy nation. As per the health

index 1991 Bellary district stands at 20th

place among erstwhile 20 districts. It is

0.589 as against the state average of 0.618. The health index indicates health status

based on life expectancy at birth. The health infrastructure is rapidly expanding in the

district through externally aided projects. But it must be ensured the quality of health

services at all levels is effective and infrastructure provided at high cost is functional.

The EAPs under implementation in the district are as under:

4.58 Infrastructure:

Roads:

“It is not our wealth which builds our roads but roads which build our wealth"-

John F. Kennedy Roads indicate civilization of a nation. They are means to

238

prosperity, progress and well being of any country. Rural roads may be defined as

those roads which connects villages. During 5th

five year plan constructions of road

was made a component of minimum needs programme. The working group on road

for 9th

five year plan has estimated that an amount of Rs.14040/- crores would be

required for the construction of rural roads to cover 85percent of village population.

However Rs.10540 Crores has been proposed for the 9th

plan. The road

Infrastructure plays an important role in development of any area.

Bellary has a very poor road Infrastructure. The natural calamity in the form

of excessive rains during the current year has made the conditions worse. The

massive industrialization need better road transport which in turn demands for mutli-

lane roads. Except N.H.No.13 which passes through the district for a distance of 90

Km; there is no adequate net work of national and State Highways. Recently

N.H.No.63 has been sanctioned between Ankola and Goothi of Andhra Pradesh

which passes through the district for 90 Km. NABARD assistance is sought for

formation and maintenance of roads in this district.

Housing:

The Govt. of has been implementing various rural development programmes

in order to improve the living conditions of rural folk. There is a substantial increase

in the outlay for these programmes in eighth and ninth five year plans. “Shelter for

all" appears to be a distant dream because of its colossal dimensions with a huge

backlog over the period and rapidly growing population. Shelter is an indication of an

individual‟s existence, dignity and security. It is estimated that housing shortage is

more than 410 lakh units out of which shortage in rural areas is more than 265 lakh

units. Besides 125 lakh rural houses need up gradation to make them livable.

The National Housing Policy of 1994 clearly envisages the difference between

rural and urban housing. The Government role is now to act as a facilitator rather

than a provider. The strategy under this major economic sector is ensuring people‟s

239

participation in the construction of houses, encouragement to use low cost technology

and cost effective material, involvement of NGOs and Nirmithi Kendras in a big way

and assuring land and technical rights by enactment of laws.

Table-4.63

Area and Population of Bellary District Name of

the Taluk Geograp

hical area

(Sq.kms)

2001

census

2011 Census population Total No. of House holds

Total Male Female Urban Rural Total

Decadal

growth

rate

in % 2011

Bellary 1689 770929 387744 383185 86493 69588 156081 23.25

Hadagli 948 195219 98853 96366 5648 330088 38656 16.12

Hagaribom

manahalli 974 188238 95337 92901 0 36616 36616 17.73

Hospet 904 459991 229338 230653 57626 36564 94190 22.68

Kudligi 1619 308901 157402 151499 10682 48646 59328 13.49

Sandur 1152 260213 134034 126179 17743 34324 52067 36.12

Sirguppa 1036 269104 134246 134858 15668 36512 52180 14.34

Dist.Total 8450 2452595 1236954 1215641 193860 295258 489118 20.99

2001 data 8450 2027140 1029714 997426 135255 237779 373034 22.4

Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census

The above table shows the area and population of the district including all the taluks

the decadal growth rate of the district highest growth rate is found in Sandur taluk

and very less in Sirguppa taluk.

240

Table-4.64

Area and Population of SC (Urban & Rural) in Bellary District

Taluk Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural Percentage

of Sc

population

to total

population

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Bellary 31382 31719 63101 37952 37926 75878 18.03

Hadagli 1952 2016 3968 25235 24690 49925 27.61

Hagaribom

manahalli

0 0 0 23132 23074 46206 24.55

Hospet 24377 25257 49634 27600 27668 55268 22.81

Kudligi 4860 4838 9698 30322 29360 59682 22.46

Sandur 5347 5251 10598 17918 17895 35813 17.84

Sirguppa 7114 7280 14394 21391 21853 43244 21.42

Dist.Total 75032 76361 151393 183550 182466 366016 21.10

2001census 52470 51105 103575 136066 134577 270643 18.46 Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census

The above table shows the Scheduled caste population of Bellary district,

according to census data 2011, percentage of SC population to total population of the

district is as follows Hadagli is having highest percentage of SC‟s in the district and

Sandur is having very less percentage of SC‟s in the district.

Table-4.65

Area and Population of ST (Urban & Rural) in Bellary District

Name of

the Taluk

Scheduled Tribes

Urban

Scheduled Tribes

Rural

Percentage

of Sc

population

to total

population

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Bellary 21582 22043 43625 44180 44361 88541 17.14

Hadagli 848 855 1703 6505 6412 12917 7.49

Hagaribom

manahalli

0 0 0 12785 12442 25227 13.40

Hospet 18101 19177 37278 18749 19042 37791 16.32

Kudligi 5240 5508 10748 38197 37132 75329 27.87

Sandur 6181 5882 12063 28260 27866 56126 26.21

Sirguppa 5846 6012 11858 18977 19223 38200 18.60

Dist.Total 57798 59477 117275 167653 166478 334131 18.41

2001census 41649 83311 83311 142013 139314 281327 17.99 Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census.

241

The above table shows the overall Scheduled tribes population of the district Kudligi

taluks has highest percent of ST population and Hadagli with less population.

Maximum numbers of people are living in rural areas of the district.

Table-4.66

Literacy of Bellary District

Name of

the taluk

Literacy

(In percentage)

Rural Urban Total

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Bellary 68.71 45.70 57.28 84.87 71.85 78.38 77.38 59.78 68.61

Hadagli 80.01 60.17 70.22 82.56 71.75 77.17 80.38 61.86 71.23

H.B.Halli 79.45 59.89 69.77 --- --- --- 79.45 59.89 69.77

Hospet 69.97 49.56 59.75 84.32 70.26 72.22 78.49 61.93 70.16

Kudligi 76.62 56.59 66.82 87.21 74.11 80.69 78.43 59.68 69.23

Sandur 72.61 50.84 61.88 85.15 69.36 77.84 76.63 56.32 66.81

Sirguppa 61.77 38.39 50.00 70.21 52.03 61.08 64.26 42.40 53.26

Dist.Total 72.42 51.02 61.81 83.58 69.62 76.63 76.64 58.09 67.43

2001

census

63.50 36.80 50.30 79.40 60.70 70.20 69.20 45.30 57.40

Source: Census 2011

The above table represents the literacy rate of the district highest literacy rate

is found in Hadagli and Hospet taluks of the district very less in Sirguppa taluks and

in urban are the literacy rate more and less in rural areas of the district and the

literacy rate of men is comparately better to womens.

242

Table-4.67

Literacy rate of Scheduled Tribe in Bellary District

Source: Census data 2011

The table indicates the literacy rate of Bellary when compared with Karnataka

Bellary‟s literacy rate is 66.30 percent and Karnataka with 71.14 percent

Table-4.68

Literacy rate of Scheduled Caste in Bellary District

District Person Male Female

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Bellary 58.60 54.57 68.10 69.37 66.08 77.21 47.89 43.03 59.19

Karnataka 65.33 60.44 77.43 74.03 69.98 84.08 56.58 50.82 70.76

Source: Census data 2011

The above table represents the literacy rate of Scheduled castes of Bellary

68.10 percent of people are literate when compared with Karnataka its literacy rate is

77.43 percent this shows that very less number of people who belong to SC groups

are literate.

District Person Male Female

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Bellary 55.86 53.26 63.21 66.30 64.13 72.54 45.50 42.35 54.23

Karnataka 62.08 58.99 74.82 71.14 68.54 81.88 52.98 49.39 67.75

243

Table-4.69

Area of principal crop in Bellary District

Source: District at a glance

The above table represents the total production of principal crops in the

district, maximum paddy is produced in Sirguppa and Bellary taluk respectively

maximum Jowar is produced in Bellary taluk when compared with other taluks of the

district, Bajra is produced more in Kudligi taluk Hadagli Hagaribommanahalli

produced maximum Maize, Raagi amd wheat produced less in the district.

Taluks Cereals area (Hectare)

Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Raagi Wheat Other

minor

millets

Total

cereals

&

minor

millets

Bellary 36334 16104 630 6186 4 2 799 60059

Hadagli 7113 7237 3087 30364 595 285 262 48943

Hagaribom

manahalli 2763 2173 7958 23647 182 202 222 37147

Hospet 19064 1992 1560 9184 16 0 304 32120

Kudligi 237 4113 4142 21820 2214 16 373 32915

Sandur 1586 1059 2675 16904 1214 5 346 23789

Sirguppa 42051 5318 845 1012 10 66 586 49888

District total 109148 37996 20897 109117 4235 576 2892 284861

2012 116169 42185 16348 103650 3742 653 2815 285562

244

Table-4.70

Physical Progress under MGNREGS in Bellary District

Source: Zilla panchayat Bellary 2011-12

The above table shows the progress under MGNREGS in the district.

Maximum number of job cards issued in Bellary and Kudaligi taluks where

maximum job cards issued and the number of persons worked under MGNREGS is

also more in these taluks respectively. families availed 100 days of employment is

less in Bellary, Sirguppa, Sandur, Hospet taluks more maximum utilization is in

Hagaribommanahalli, and kudaligi taluks respectively.

Taluks Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme

Job cards

issued

Household

demanded

employment

No.of

persons/Households

worked under

MGNREGS

No.of

families

availing 100

days of

employment

Bellary 57134 5805 5465 71

Hadagli 27844 5167 4384 227

Hagaribommana

halli

23489 4263 3888 428

Hospet 26482 3912 3737 159

Kudligi 41778 5381 4462 204

Sandur 27716 4050 3809 125

Sirguppa 27990 5398 5324 123

Dist.Total 232433 33976 31069 1337

Figures 2011-12 234483 28411 28261 972

245

Table-4.71

Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (SC) in Bellary District

Source: Zilla panchayat bellary-2011-12

The above table shows the marginal agricultural land holdings (less than 1 Ha)

by Scheduled castes in the district, it is found that majority of land holders with less

than 1 Ha of land is in Bellary and Hadagli and less in Sandur and Kudalgi taluks

respectively.

Table-4.72

Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (ST) in Bellary District

Source: District at a Glance

Sl.

No

Name of the Taluk Number Area

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Bellary 1789 989 2778 1061 600 1662

2 Hadagli 1990 635 2625 1226 421 1648

3 Hagaribommanahalli 1275 674 1949 742 412 1154

4 Hospet 2313 713 3026 1091 358 1449

5 Kudligi 1827 335 2162 926 189 1115

6 Sandur 999 279 1278 462 153 615

7 Sirguppa 1751 762 2513 914 419 1333

Dist.Total 11944 4387 106331 6423 2553 8976

2011-12 11242 4293 15535 5958 2448 8406

Sl.

No

Name of the Taluk Number Area

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Bellary 3041 1112 4153 1668 628 2295

2 Hadagli 749 276 1025 385 142 528

3 Hagaribommanahalli 839 467 1306 438 279 717

4 Hospet 2426 961 3387 1096 429 1524

5 Kudligi 2690 571 2961 1135 285 1420

6 Sandur 1946 392 2338 980 207 1188

7 Sirguppa 2298 760 3058 1196 426 1621

Dist.Total 13689 4539 18228 6897 2396 9293

2011-12 12593 4061 16654 6409 2221 8630

246

The above table shows the marginal agricultural land holdings less than 1

Hectare by Scheduled Tribe in the district, it is found that majority of land holders

with less than 1 Hectare of land is in Bellary and Sirguppa, which is found less in

Hadagli and Hagaribommanahalli taluks respectively.

Table-4.73

Marginal Agri. Land holders (Others) (Below 1 Ha) in Bellary District

Source: District at a Glance

The above table shows the marginal agricultural land holdings less than 1 Ha

by other castes in the district, it is found that majority of land holders with less than

1Hectare of land is found in Bellary, Hospet and less in Sandur,Hagaribommanahalli

taluks respectively.

Table-4.74

Indira Awas Houses in Bellary District

Taluk SC ST OBC Others Total

Bellary 15 31 15 32 93

Hadagli 8 32 18 58 116

Hagaribommanahalli 27 40 10 40 117

Hospet 102 70 38 85 295

Kudligi 58 102 13 49 222

Sandur 10 5 3 7 25

Sirguppa 23 29 14 45 111

Dist.Total 243 309 111 316 979

2011-12 89 102 52 64 307 Source: Zilla panchayat Bellary-2011-12.

Sl.

No

Name of the Taluk Number Area

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 Bellary 10965 4439 15404 6363 2522 8885

2 Hadagli 6367 2017 8354 4255 1040 5295

3 Hagaribommanahalli 5086 1932 7018 3074 1054 4128

4 Hospet 9371 3479 12850 5223 1656 6879

5 Kudligi 6566 1709 8275 3985 813 4798

6 Sandur 5299 1312 6611 2900 614 3514

7 Sirguppa 7999 3673 11672 4914 1866 6780

Dist.Total 51653 18561 70214 30713 9565 40279

2011-12 49429 14152 63581 24723 7705 32428

247

The above table indicates the housing details of the district houses constructed

under Indira awas scheme is comparatively maximum in Hospet & very less in

Sandur taluk average in other taluks of the district. Total number of houses

constructed for Scheduled Tribes is more when compared to other castes of the

district.

Table-4.75

Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Scheme in Bellary District

Source: Zilla panchayat Bellary.

The houses constructed under Dr. Ambedkar scheme in the district, a total of

818 houses constructed in the district in which 466 houses for Scheduled castes and

only 352 houses for Scheduled tribes.

4.59 Special status to Hyderabad Karnataka region -Article-371(j):

Three-decade struggle to seek special status for six Karnataka districts ended

when Lok Sabha passed the Constitution 118th

Amendment Bill, 2012. A special

status was granted to “the Karnataka-Hyderabad region comprising Bidar, Bellary,

Gulbarga, Koppal, Raichur and Yadgir districts. The seven districts in the north-east

region of the state were part of the erstwhile Hyderabad state under the Nizams till

1948 and were subsequently merged with the then Mysore state in 1956 under the

reorganization of states on linguistic basis. The bill enables the President to empower

Sl.

No

Name of the Taluk Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar

Scheme

SC ST OBC Others Total

1 Bellary 64 68 0 0 132

2 Hadagli 81 34 0 0 115

3 Hagaribommanahalli 62 48 0 0 110

4 Hospet 47 34 0 0 81

5 Kudligi 101 43 0 0 144

6 Sandur 31 57 0 0 88

7 Sirguppa 80 68 0 0 148

Dist.Total 466 352 0 0 818

248

the governor to establish a separate development board for the Hyderabad- Karnataka

region with the provision that a report on its working would be placed each year

before the provincial assembly. Article 371j will help in development of Hyderabad-

Karnataka region. Major benefits under Article include direct recruitment to posts in

any local cadre under the state government for candidates of these regions. Regarding

admission to any university or other educational institutions, preference will be given

to local candidates, who have resided or studied in those regions for a specific period

under Article 371J of the Constitution. President Pranab Mukherjee on 23 October

2013 issued an order, allowing the Karnataka Governor to establish a separate

development board for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region under Article 371 J of the

Constitution.

The region comprises Gulbarga, Bidar, Raichur, Koppal, Yadgir and Bellary

districts. The cabinet sub-committee is constituted under the chairmanship of Present

Rural Development and Panchayat raj (RDPR) minister H.K Patil who fought for the

regional development right from early 1990‟s has already held two meetings last

week in this regard and has held marathon discussions with legislators and MPs

representing six backward districts that will benefit by the special status- Bidar,

Gulbarga, Koppal, Yadgir, Raichur and Bellary.

Karnataka had been lobbying with the Centre for special status to the

Hyderabad-Karnataka region (northeast part of the state), the second largest arid

region in the country, for more than four decades. Fulfilling the long demand of the

people of the region, the Bill to amend the Constitution to provide a special status to

the Hyderabad-Karnataka region, under a new Article 371(J), was introduced in the

Parliament in 2012 and was also passed by both the Houses. Benefits of the status:

Once notified by the Centre, the region will get more central funds for development

and will be on par with the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. Besides, there will

be reservation in jobs and education for the locals.

249

The objective is to provide special provisions aiming to establish an

institutional mechanism for equitable allocation of funds to meet development needs

of this region and to enhance human resources and promote employment by

providing for local cadres in service and reservation in educational and vocational

training institutions. There is also a provision to establish a regional council under the

special status. Karnataka is the third state to have a special status in the country after

Maharashtra (Marathwada and Vidarbha) and AP (Telangana).

The districts of Gulbarga, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal, Bellary and Bidar are

among the most backward regions of the country with Human Development Indices

(HDI) below the sub-Saharan levels. The soil fertility in the region is extremely poor

when compared with other districts of the state and consequently, agricultural

productivity is less. In fact the peoples‟ movement for regional development has

really brought happiness amongst the people of Hyderabad Karnataka. The people‟s

movement has really strengthened the democratic set up.

4.60 118th

Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2012:

It seeks to amend Article 371of the Constitution of India,to insert a new article

371(J).

4.61 Article 371:

Falls under Part 21 of Indian Constitution (Temporary, Transitional and

Special Provisions). Article 371 and its sub-articles; deal with special provisions for

Assam, Nagaland, Gujarat, Maharashtra etc. Usually, they are about establishing

special Development board for the particular backward regions to grant more funds,

and/or reservation in local Government jobs-colleges etc. For example Article

371 (D), Telengana region has a provision of local cadres for reservation in direct

recruitment and admission to educational institutions and setting up of an

administrative tribunal. (Domicile requirement/„sons of soil’ policy in education and

employment).

250

4.62 Article 371(J):

It will grant special status to six backward districts of Hyderabad-Karnataka

region to establish a separate development board; this board will see that sufficient

funds are allocated for development of the region, local reservation in education and

Government-jobs (domicile requirement.)

4.63 Conclusion:

In the state of Karnataka the Hyderabad Karnataka region is very backward.

The above profile provides detailed information about all the districts of this region

such as General information, Geographical area, population, literacy rate, housing

details, all the resources found in the region in general and about Scheduled castes

and Scheduled tribes in particular. We hope that the Inception of article 371(j) shall

provide all the necessary facilities to improve the socio-economic condition of this

region in general and especially for dalits who are very much backward.