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CHAPTER II

Review on Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature

(Alcid, 2004 pp.53) Sanitation and personal h!iene o" #artenders are

e$tre%el i%portant in the &ar and clu& esta&lish%ents'. t %eans that all

#artenders shall %aintain a hi!h de!ree o" personal sanitation and shall

con"or% to !ood sanitar and h!ienic practices durin! all those worin!

periods. Alcid enu%erated !uidelines "or the &artenders.

#artender h!iene practices includes the "ollowin!, *rst all &artenders

%ust wash their hands with soap and water when the are arrive at wor and

&e"ore startin! &ar preparation, All &artenders coverin! %outh or nose a"ter

snee+in! or cou!hin!, &artenders with lon! hair %ust wear hair nets,

&artenders %ust wear clean clothes, &artenders with cuts or sores on their

hands %ust wear disposa&le late$ !loves, *n!er cots or other water proo"

coverin! as needed, &artender with diarrhea or severe cou!hin! are not

allowed to wor, and lastl all nonworin! and unauthori+ed persons %ust

&e restricted "ro% the service area.

-urther%ore, personal ha&its aect sa"et o" the patrons. n the

preparation o" &ar, &artender %ust re%ove their watches, rin!s, &racelets

and all other /ewelr on the ar%s. -in!ernails %ust &e tri%%ed so the are

eas to clean. air restraints are intended to eep hands out o" hair. air

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%ust &e eectivel restrained whenever ou are worin! around drins

preparation areas.

1oor personal h!iene practices can conta%inate the drins or the

worin! sur"aces (alili, 2004 pp32). he %ost co%%on source o" "ood &orne

illness can &e traced to "ood handlers. o%%on personal h!iene violations

that can result in "ood &orne illness include "ailure to wash hand properl,

"ailure to "ollow proper h!iene ha&its, worin! when sic, and lac o"

trainin! in personal h!iene practices. -urther%ore, cross conta%ination

occurs when %icroor!anis%s are trans"erred "ro% a conta%inated &evera!e

contact sur"ace o" drins to a noncontact sur"ace or drins.

Accordin! to nviron%ental ealth epart%ent, 6ational nviron%ent

A!enc, 2005 considerin! all persons worin! in a &ar and clu&

esta&lish%ent should practice sanitation and !ood personal h!iene to

ensure that &evera!e served to consu%ers is sa"e "or consu%ption. heir

drins handlin! and personal h!iene practices %a also in7uence custo%er

decisions in revisitin! the &ar and clu& esta&lish%ent. he "ollowin!

!uidelines in"or% &ar and clu& esta&lish%ent operators and service sta o"

the !ood h!iene practices that should &e adopted when servin! &evera!es

to custo%ers.

Sa"et h!iene applies to an venue that operates a per%anent

preparation area "or storin!, preparin!, displain! and servin! drins, "or

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e$a%ple8 co%%ercial esta&lish%ent venues lie clu&s, hotels, &ars, who

prepare and serve drins sites.

(1un+alan,2005 pp.90:) stated that &ar %ana!er preventive

%easures i%ple%ents to ensure &ar sa"et should &e!in durin! hirin! sta!e

o" &ar service industr worers. his strate! is acco%plished throu!h the

health screenin! and care"ul trainin! o" &ar service e%ploees a"ter the had

&een hired. 1olicies should &e desi!ned, i%ple%ented and %onitored to

cover e%ploees; illnesses, proper attire, and personal h!iene ha&its. he

speci*c %ethods ai%ed to "ul*ll the intent o" these policies are "re

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Accordin! to (ustudio, 2003 pp.>9) drin is &ein! conta%inated as a

result o" &ar attendant handler with poor personal h!iene whose hands are

not washes in &etween preparin! dierent tpe o" &evera!es, a"ter touchin!

an source o" &acteria lie nose, %outh, hair, conta%inated e

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Related Studies

Local Studies

#ased on the stud conducted & @ero%e i+on, 2090 a person

&ehavior in sanitation and personal ha&its can have a si!ni*cant eect on

the sa"et o" &evera!e product. #ar attendant should &e trained to ensure

appropriate &ehavior. he cleanliness and personal h!iene o" &artenders are

e$tre%el i%portant. here"ore, !ood personal h!iene is essential "or those

who handle drins. A desira&le &ehavior includes when and how to wash

hands properl. aintainin! !ood personal ha&its such as &athin!, restrainin!

hair, eepin! *n!er nails short and clean, washin! hands a"ter usin! toilets

etc. and %aintainin! !ood health and reportin! when sic to avoid spreadin!

possi&le in"ections.

-urther%ore, &ased on the stud conducted & enver, 2090,

&evera!e shall &e protected "ro% crossconta%ination & separatin! used

drins "ro% un open &ottle drins durin! stora!e, preparation, holdin!, and

displa.

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Foreign Studies

here are several studies that have discussed that the %ain

causes o" %icro&ial conta%ination tpicall occurrin! in &ar service

esta&lish%ents are conta%inated supplies, poor personnel h!iene practices,

inappropriate stora!e te%peratures, and insuBcient %i$in! (1otter, 200CD

Star E urr, 200:D =F, 2090D -SA,2090D @ones et al., 2090).ore in

detail, various studies have de%onstrated that the %ain sources o" cross

conta%ination durin! processin! co%e "ro% &ar contact sur"aces, eD Aarnisalo et al.,200?D #a!!eRavn et al., 2003D ools et al., 2005D

-usterGalls et al., 200C).

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