Name _______________________AP Biology: Chapter 6

Cellular StructuresBefore you come to class:

- Read the textbook pages that have been assigned on your calendar- Complete the chapter reading guide questions that correspond to those pages- Be prepared to take a quiz at the beginning of class. You may use your

homework on the quizzes.

1. The tool that lead to the understanding that cells are the basic unit of life was the…

2. The smallest structures visible with the light microscope are the ….

3. On average, animal cells are about ____________ times larger than bacterial cells and ________ times larger than viruses.

4. What is the advantage of the electron microscope?

5. How do biologists isolate cell components?

6. What are four things all cells have in common?a. _______________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________

c. _______________________________________________

d. _______________________________________________

7. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

8. What is a limiting factor to cell size?

9. How do ribosomes differ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

10. Why is that difference important to us?

11. What is the adaptive value of the endomembrane system?

12. Trace the path of production of a protein-based secretion from a secretory cell. (List the organelles involved)

13. For each of the cellular structures, indicate a few significant aspects. Include major functions and structures.

Cellular Structure NotesNuclear membrane

Nuclear pores

Nuclear lamina

Chromatin

Nucleolus

Ribosome

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Vacuole

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Peroxisome

Cytoskeleton

Microtubule

Microfilament

Intermediate filament

Extracellular matrix

Plasmodesmata

Tight junction

Desmosomes

Gap junctions

14. How do the components of the cytoskeleton function in: a. Cell motility

b. Coordination of activities between neighboring cells

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AP Biology Chapter 7Membranes

Membrane Structure and Function1. What evidence supports the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

2. What is meant by membrane fluidity?

3. How is fluidity reduced in animal cells?

4. Describe the orientation of the membrane proteinsa. Peripheral

b. Integral

5. How are the two sides of the membrane different?

6. List and briefly define the roles of the membrane proteins.a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

7. What membrane structures are important for cell-cell recognition?

8. Which molecules easily cross the membrane?

9. How are molecules transported that do not easily cross the membrane?

10. Define the following:a. Diffusionb. Osmosis

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c. Hypotonic

d. Hypertonic

e. Isotonic

11. What is happening in the diagram below?

12. What do cells do when placed in solutions that are:a. Hypotonic

b. Hypertonic

c. Isotonic

13. How does the Paramecium maintain osmoregulation?

14. What is meant by facilitated diffusion?

15. How do active and passive transport differ?

16. The sodium-potassium pump uses __________________ to pump __________________ out of the cell and _______________ into the cell.

17. How does the membrane generate voltage?

18. What can the cell do with the voltage generated in the membrane?

19. Define cotransport and give an example.

20. What is the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?

21. Describe an example of receptor-mediated endocytosis.

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