Chapter Concepts

Multimedia for the Web: Creating Digital Excitement

Markup, Scripting, andProgramming for the Web

2Multimedia for the Web Chapter 10

Review Markup LanguagesExamine Scripting Languages and Scripting EnvironmentsExplore Programming Languages

Chapter Concepts


Today, Web developers and programmers must have skills using markup, scripting, and programming languagesWeb server: The computer on which the files for Web pages are storedWeb client: The computer from which the user views the pages on a Web browser

Introduction


When your Web page includes access to a script or program stored on a Web server, information must be sent from the Web client back to the Web server for processing, storage, and later retrievalScripting and programming make the task of developing and maintaining Web sites easier

Introduction


Web developers design templates and then access the content dynamically through a databaseMarkup, scripting, and programming languages make a multimedia Web site more interactive and more interesting

Introduction


Review Markup LanguagesMarkup language: Full set of instructions used to comprehensively describe the structural format of a piece of text or other media elementStandard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): Standard for defining the most common markup languages


SGMLSGML: Consistent and precise method of applying markup tags so that electronic documents can be exchanged and revised between different computer systemsSGML itself is not a markup language; rather the standard on which the most common markup languages are based


HTML/XHTMLHypertext Markup Language (HTML): Standard markup language used to create Web pages– Continues to develop and evolve based

on the controls set by the World Wide Web Consortium

Extensible (XHTML): Provides support for XML; stricter in structure and syntax than previous versions of HTML


Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML): Group of technologies used to create greater interactivity and page layout flexibility than is possible with XHTML aloneIncludes XHTML, JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and the Document Object Model (DOM)

DHTML


DHTML: All major Web browsers support DHTML, but differ in terms of what each considers acceptable syntax and scripting code

DHTML


Virtual reality (VR) on the Web is created using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) (pronounced “ver-mal”)VRML: Simple and accessible way to create interactive worlds using 3-D graphics on the WebQuickTime VR: One of the most popular tools for creating virtual reality

VR


Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL): Offers control over synchronized multimedia by allowing individual components (such as audio, video, and graphics) to be played in relation to one anotherSMIL’s text-based format also makes editing Web-based multimedia applications easy

SMIL


Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language, but it is also a metalanguage

XML defines the data’s actual content, meaning, or useBy using XHTML and XML together, formatting can be separated from the content

XML


Same XML source document can be written once, then displayed in a variety of waysAllows documents to be viewed by various browsers without having to be specifically rewritten for each one

XML


Because an XML file will work on any communications device, it won’t become obsolete as hardware and communications devices evolveXML provides a way for databases from different vendors to exchange information across the InternetXML is having a dramatic impact on the Web page development process

XML


Wireless Markup Language (WML): Based on the Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML), which in turn is a subset of HTMLWML is the current standard for Web delivery on wireless handheld devicesWML is read and interpreted by a microbrowser that is built in to a wireless handheld device

WML


Scripts extend the capabilities of XHTMLScripting languages are not as powerful as programming languagesIt is important to test Web pages that contain scripts to ensure that they function as intended

Scripting Languages


JavaScript: Object-oriented scripting language developed by Netscape to extend the capabilities of HTMLObject-oriented scripting language: Programmers describe data and procedures in terms of objects, methods, and properties

JavaScript


JavaScript and Java are very different in their capabilities and executionJavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic content to Web pagesCookies store data on the Web clientJavaScript has been updated and extended to support newer browser capabilities

JavaScript


JavaScript can do the following:– Add scrolling messages– Open a new pop-up window– Verify data input from forms– Create animation and dynamic images– Insert mouse rollovers– Create and read cookies– Display the current date and time

JavaScript


Microsoft VBScript is a script version of Microsoft Visual Basic (VB) programming languageVBScript is not cross platform; its popularity on the client-side of the Web is limitedVBScript: Primary scripting language used for Active Server Pages (ASP)

Visual Basic


Java Server Pages (JSP): Similar to ASP, is the Java-based technology for generating dynamic Web pages with cross-platform and cross-Web-server supportThe JSP environment is not a scripting language and therefore it is not the same as JavaScript

Java Server Pages


PHP (officially PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language for creating dynamic Web page componentsPHP is open source and runs on multiple platformsUse PHP to set cookies, manage authentication, and redirect users

PHP


Programming for Web page development is used to write programs that are accessed or called from an XHTML fileThey extend the capabilities of a Web page beyond what is possible with markup and scripting languages

Explore ProgrammingLanguages


If you need to store information in a server database or provide customized Web pages, server-side scripts or programs are usually the better solutionOften a combination of both client-side scripts and server-side scripts/programs are needed

Explore ProgrammingLanguages


Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl) is a powerful and flexible programming languageMany server-side programs are created in PerlPowerful for manipulating textHandles encrypted Web data, including e-commerce transactions

PERL


Java: Sun Microsystems’s full-fledged, object-oriented programming languageApplets: Small programs designed to be executed within another application or from a Web page

Java


Before Java code can be run, it has to be processed by a special program to create an executable file or a Java appletWeb browser loads the applet or the executable file; has special built-in engine that can execute this file and display the output on the page

Java


Visual Basic: Considered a high-level programming language, which means that almost all of the commands are English derivativesVisual Basic includes many features specifically designed for database development and integration as well as the creation of server-side application

Visual Basic


C# (pronounced “C sharp”): Modern, object-oriented language that enables programmers to quickly build a wide range of applications for the Microsoft .Net platformIncorporates the best of C, Visual Basic, C++, and JavaOffers the optimum productivity that Web developers need

C#


ActiveX: Extension of object linking and embedding (OLE); create objects with one application and then link or embed them in anotherWorks best in a Windows environmentFine for intranets, where the platform is likely to be more consistent or at least more controllable

ActiveX


Review Markup LanguagesSGMLHTML/XHTMLDHTMLVRSMILXML

Summary


WMLScripting LanguagesJavaScriptVisual BasicJava Server PagesPHP

Summary


Explore ProgrammingLanguagesPERLJavaVisual BasicC#ActiveX

Summary

Chapter Concepts

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