Chapter 9: Weather Factors Section 4: Water In the Atmosphere.
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Transcript of Chapter 9: Weather Factors Section 4: Water In the Atmosphere.
![Page 1: Chapter 9: Weather Factors Section 4: Water In the Atmosphere.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec65503460f94bd28fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9: Weather Chapter 9: Weather FactorsFactors
Section 4: Water In the Atmosphere
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The Water CycleThe Water CycleWater Cycle – the movement of
water between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface.◦Evaporation◦Condensation◦Precipitation◦Surface runoff
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The Water CycleThe Water CycleEvaporation- water molecules in
liquid water escape into the air as water vapor.
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HumidityHumidityHumidity - a measure of the
amount of water vapor in the air.Relative Humidity – is the
percentage of water vapor that is actually in the air. ◦Compared to the maximum amount
of water vapor the air can hold at a particular temperature.
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Measuring Relative Measuring Relative Humidity Humidity Relative humidity can be measured
with an instrument called a psychrometer.◦ (sy KRAHM uh tur)◦2 thermometers◦Dry bulb◦Wet bulb
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How Clouds FormHow Clouds FormClouds form when water vapor in
the air condenses to form liquid water or ice crystals.
Condensation – molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water.
Dew point – the temperature at which condensation begins.◦Above freezing - water droplets◦Below freezing – ice crystals
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How Clouds FormHow Clouds FormThe Role of Particles
◦For water vapor to condense, tiny particles must be present so the water has a surface on which to condense.
◦In cloud formation, most of these particles are salt crystals, dust from soil and smoke.
◦These tiny particles are called nuclei.
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Types of CloudsTypes of CloudsCirrus Clouds
Cumulus Clouds
Stratus Clouds
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Cirrus CloudsCirrus CloudsWispy, featherOnly at high levels with low
temperatures◦Above 6 kilometers
Made of ice crystals
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Cumulus CloudsCumulus CloudsLook like fluffy, rounded piles of
cottonForm less than 2 kilometers
above groundMay extend upward as much as
18 kilometers
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Stratus CloudsStratus CloudsForm in flat layersCover all or most of the skyA uniform dull, gray color
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Altocumulus and Altocumulus and Altostratus Altostratus Middle level clouds; higher than
regular cumulus and stratus clouds, lower than cirrus clouds.
Between 2 and 6 kilometers above the ground
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FogFogFog – clouds that form at or near
the groundAir above the ground is cooled to
the air’s dew point.Near bodies of water, low-lying
marshes, mountain slopes
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