Changing verbs and adjectives into nouns. Verbs and Adjectives can be converted to verbs by using…
Chapter 9: Using Verbs Correctly
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Transcript of Chapter 9: Using Verbs Correctly
Chapter 9: Using Verbs Correctly
• The Principal Parts of a Verb• Regular verbs• Irregular verbs
• Verb tense• Active and Passive Voice• Special Problems with Verbs• Sit and Set• Lie and Lay• Rise and Raise
The Principal Parts of a Verb
• 4 principal parts:– Base form (infinitive form)– Present participle– Past– Past participle
Base form: workPresent participle: (is/are) workingPast: workedPast participle: (has/have) worked
Regular verbs
• Verbs are regular when their past and past participle forms are made by adding –d or –ed to the base form.
Common mistakes with regular verbs:1. He use to work at Supercuts. 2. Who was suppose to bring Harold?3. Several people nearly drownded in the flood.
Irregular verbs• Verbs are irregular when their past and past
participle forms are created by doing something other than adding –d or –ed.
Examples:Base form: Past: Past participle:ring rang (has/have) rungmakemade (has/have) madebring brought (has/have) broughtRemember: brang and brung and considered slang. Don’t use them in formal/academic writing.
Common mistakes with irregular verbs:1. I have went to the shopping mall.– The past form doesn’t need a helping verb
2. I seen all her movies.– The past participle form needs a helping verb
3. The right fielder throwed the ball home.– Don’t add –d or –ed to the base form
Exercise 2, p. 193
• Use your boards• Provide the correct past or past participle
form of the base word in parenthesis
Ex: Nobody knew why he (do) that.A: did#1: Did you say the telephone (ring) while I was in the shower?A: rang
Verb tense• The tense of a verb shows the time of an
action or a state of being• There are six tenses:– present– past– future– present perfect– past perfect– future perfect
The perfect tenses: Present perfect(have/has)
Used to show existing or happening sometime before now; may be continuing now, too.
Present perfect examples
• I have written letters.• I have seen that movie.• I have completed my assignment.
The perfect tenses: Past perfect (had)
Used to show existing or happening before a specific time in the past.
Examples:• I had already done my homework when the teacher
halved the assignment.• I had read the book three times before I heard we
were reading it for PACK again.
The perfect tenses: Future perfect (will/shall have + past participle)
Used to show existing or happening before a specific time in the future.
Examples:• I will have seen and graded your projects by the time
Spring Break begins.• We will have lost forty pounds by the time we finish
the Insanity Workout regimen.
Progressive/continuous aspects• Our language makes no distinction between
progressive and continuous tense (some languages do!)
• This is not another tense, just another version of the 6 previous tenses
• These include some form of be + the present participle form of a verb (-ing)
Cantonese(Literal English)
English Translation
Progressive我 (I) 著 (wear) 緊(PROG) 衫 (clothes) 。(.)
I am putting on clothes.
Continuous我 (I) 著 (wear) 住(CONT) 衫 (clothes) 。(.)
I am wearing clothes.
Progressive/continuous examplesBase verb: Write
Present progressive: am/is/are writing
Past progressive: was/were writing
Future progressive: will/shall be writing
Present perfect progressive: has/have been writing
Past perfect progressive: had been writing
Future perfect progressive: will/shall have been writing
Tense shift – DON’T DO IT WITHOUT A GOOD REASON• Maintain a consistent tense in your writing.Problems to fix:1. When we were comfortable, we begin our
homework.2. Suddenly the great door opened, and an
uninvited guest comes into the dining hall.Check this one:3. Lisa plays basketball now, but last year she
was on the softball team.
No partner work today
LH 32-33:• Start here• Finish as homework
Active and passive voice• Active voice verbs express actions done by a
subject– Using active voice helps to make your writing
direct and forceful• Passive voice verbs express actions done to a
subject– Using passive voice structure often makes writing
sound weak and awkward, but is useful when you don’t know who performed an action
Active and passive voice examplesActive: The librarian has formed a book club.Passive: A book club was formed by the librarian.
Active: The student completed her homework.Passive: The homework was completed by the student.
Active: Lucy had planted those marigolds.Passive: Those marigolds had been planted by Lucy.
Passive voice: Good for whodunnits
Ex: The flowers were left on the doorstop sometime this afternoon.
Ex: The robbery was committed between one and three in the morning.
Exercise 5, p. 201
• Use your boards• Decide if a sentence is active or passive
Ex: Jared’s birthday dinner was paid for by his uncle.A: passive#1: Trees were being blown over by the wind.A: passive
Special verb problems: Sit and set
• Sit: “to rest in an upright, seated position” or “to be in a place” (intransitive- no object)
• Set: “to put something in a place” (transitive – has a direct object)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:Sit (is) sitting sat (have) satSet (is) setting set (have) set
Sit or set?Examples: • Let’s sit under the tree. (no object)• Let’s set our backpacks under the tree. (object = backpacks)• The tourists sat on the bench. (no object)• The tourists set their cameras on the bench. (object =
cameras)
We had just _______ down when the phone rang.
We had just _______ down our books when the phone rang.
sat
set
Exercise 6, p. 202
• Use your boards• Pick the correct word in the parenthesis • If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Please (sit/set) the serving platter on the table.A: set (platter)#1: Has he (sat/set) anything down here?A: set (anything)
Special verb problems: Lie and Lay
• Lie: “to rest,” “to recline,” or “to be in a place” (intransitive- no object) (like sit)
• Lay: “to put something in a place” (transitive – has a direct object) (like set)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:Lie (is) lying lay (have) lainLay (is) laying laid (have) laid
Lie or Lay?Examples: • The napkins are lying next to the plates. (no object)• The servers are laying extra napkins beside every plate.
(object = napkins)• The soldiers lay very still while the enemy passed. (no object)• The soldiers laid a trap for the enemy. (object = trap)
Rip Van Winkle had _______ asleep for twenty years.
Rip Van Winkle had _______ his knapsack on the ground.
lain
laid
Exercise 7, p. 204
• Use your boards• Complete the sentence with the correct form of lie
or lay• If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Leo (laid/lay) the USB drive by the computer.A: laid (USB drive (or drive))#1: After the race, Andretti (laid/lay) his helmet on the car.A: laid (helmet)
Special verb problems: Rise and Raise
• Rise: “to go up” or “to get up” (intransitive- no object)
• Raise: “to lift up” or “to cause (something) to rise” (transitive – has a direct object) (like set)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:Rise (is) rising rose (have) risenRaise (is) raising raised (have) raised
Rise or Raise?Examples: • My neighbors rise very early in the morning. (no object)• My neighbors raise their shades very early in the morning.
(object = shades)• Sparks rose from the flames of the campfire. (no object)• The breeze raised sparks high into the air. (object = sparks)
The senators have _______ from their seats to show respect.
The senators have _______ a number of important issues.
risen
raised
Exercise 9, p. 206
• Use your boards• Complete the sentence with the correct form of rise
or raise• If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Please (raise/rise) your hand if you’re finished.A: raise (hand)#1: The steam was (rising/raising) from the pot of soup.A: rising