Chapter 9: Slavery Chapter 9: Slavery without Submission, without Submission,

Emancipation without Emancipation without FreedomFreedom

Tiffany BenedictoMarch 21, 2014

CH S 245-14003

Slave RebellionsSlave Rebellions

Gabriel Prosser-1800

Denmark Vasey-1822

Nat Turner-1831

Largest slave revolt in the US-near New Orleans in 1811.◦400-500+ slaves

participated◦66 slaves were killed

on the spot◦16 tried and shot

Denmark VeseyDenmark Vesey

1767-July 2, 1822Enslaved in South

CarolinaA free manPlanned a large slave

rebellion in 1822.◦ Plan: Burn Charleston, SC

(at that time, 6th largest city in the nation)

◦ Initiate a revolt of slaves in the area

Was betrayed and was hanged, along with 35 other blacks

Nat Turner/Nat Turner’s RebellionNat Turner/Nat Turner’s Rebellion

October 2, 1800-November 11, 1831

Was referred by “Turner,” the last name of his owner

Nat Turner’s Rebellion in Southampton County, VA in 1831

Gathered 70 slaved and murdered at least 55 men, women and children

Captured when ammunition ran out

Nat Turner and about 18 others were hanged

Rebellion created panic in the South-security in South became tighter

Local farmer Benjamin Phipps, capturing Nat Turner

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

1820-March 10, 1913 Born into slavery Most famous conductor on the

Underground Railroad Made 19 trips back and forth, often

disguised Escorted more than 300 slaves to

freedom Was involved with John Brown and

his plans but was not able to join him due to sickness

In one expedition, she freed 750 slaves

Her philosophy: "There was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other; for no man should take me alive...."

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Circa February 1818-February 20, 1895

Learned how to read and write

At age 21, he escaped to the North

Became the most famous black man of his time

Was a lecturer, newspaper editor, and writer

Wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Gave an Independence Day address in July 1852 regarding slavery

Wrote for The Liberator Created his own

newspaper, North Star in 1847

Worked with John Brown but was against Brown’s plan

Fugitive Slave Act Fugitive Slave Act

Passed in 1850Was created as a concession

to southern states in return fro the admission of territories into the Union

Made it easier for slave owners to recapture ex-slaves or pick up blacks they claimed ran away

Resistance against the act was done by Northern blacks

Was signed by President Fillmore; supported by Senator Daniel Webster

Lincoln refused to denounce this law publicly.

John BrownJohn Brown "I, John Brown, am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood."

May 9, 1800-December 2, 1859(Hanged)

Planned on seizing the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA and then set off a revolt in the South

Was told by Frederick Douglass that his plan would not work

Refused to surrender-barricaded himself in a small brick building

Stated when captured: "You had better-all you people at the South-prepare yourselves for a settlement of this question.. . . You may dispose of me very easily-I am nearly disposed of now, but this question is still to be settled,-this Negro question, I mean; the end of that is not yet."

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Read the Constitution strictly due to the 10th Amendment, Congress could not bar slavery in the states

When delivering speeches, he spoke differently depending on the views of the audience

Elected President in 1860 as a candidate of the new Republican party

Delivered first Inaugural Address in March 1861

Issued preliminary Emancipation Proclamation◦ Gave the South four months to

stop rebelling◦ Threatened to emancipate their

slaves if they continued fighting◦ Promised to leave slavery

untouched if states went over to the North

Civil WarCivil War

Lincoln initiated hostilities to repossess states that had seceded from the Union after his election Confederacy was formed=Civil War

Bloodiest was in human history up to that time◦ 600,000 dead on both sides in

a population of 30 million Blacks living in the South

became a hindrance◦ This helped the North

“Before I’d be a slave, I’d be buried in my grave, and go home to my Lord and be saved.”◦ Spiritual messages said by

slaves during the war

Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth

Circa 1797-November 26, 1883

Was active in women’s rights movement

Recruiter of black troops for the Union army

Spoke at the Fourth National Woman’s Rights Convention in 1853 in New York City

“I suppose I am about the only colored woman the goes about to speak to for the rights of the colored women. I want to keep the thing stirring, now that the ice is cracked…”

Confiscation ActConfiscation Act

Passed in July 1862Enabled the freeing

of slaves of those fighting the Union

Was not enforced by the generals

Lincoln ignored the non-enforcement

Any property confiscated during the war under this act would revert to the heirs of the Confederate owners

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Issued January 1, 1863Declared slaves free in

areas fighting against the Union◦ Didn’t mention anything

about slaves behind Union lines

Spurred antislavery forces◦ By summer 1864, 400,000

signatures asking to end slavery was gathered and sent to Congress

◦ Following this, Thirteenth Amendment was adopted by the senate in April 1865

◦ Thirteenth Amendment declared an end to slavery

Blacks were now able to join the Union army

Negro Soldier LawNegro Soldier Law

Signed by President Davis of the Confederacy in early 1865

Authorizes the enlistment of slaves as soldiers and freed by consent of their owners and state governments

Had no significant effect-war ended

Reconstruction PeriodReconstruction Period

ReferencesReferences

Zinn, H. (2005) A People’s History of the United States. Available from iBooks version 3.2