Chapter 9, Section 5 THE WAR ENDS. Grant in the East Grant’s goals to end war Attack Lee’s...
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Transcript of Chapter 9, Section 5 THE WAR ENDS. Grant in the East Grant’s goals to end war Attack Lee’s...
Chapter 9, Section 5THE WAR ENDS
Grant in the EastGrant’s goals to end war
Attack Lee’s forces relentlessly using resource & numbers advantageOverland Campaign
Engage in “Total War” to destroy South’s will to keep fightingWar against civilians & resources
Placed William T. Sherman in command of western army
The Wilderness Date: May 5–7, 1864 (Virginia)
Union Command: Ulysses S. Grant (101,895)
Confederate Command: Robert E. Lee (61,025)
What Fierce fighting in the dense woods near Chancellorsville; Woods caught fire during battle blinded & choked combatants
Result– inconclusive heavy losses for both sides Grant chased after Lee instead of waiting to regroup after
high casualties
Casualties=Union 17,666 (2,246); CSA 11,125(1,495)
Spotsylvania Courthouse Date: May 8-21, 1864 (Virginia)
Union Command: Ulysses S. Grant (100,000)
Confederate Command: Robert E. Lee (52,000)
What: Union almost captured entire Rebel division at the Bloody Angle would have cut Lee’s army in half; Confederates counterattacked to plug hole in line led to 20 hours of continual hand-to-hand combat
Result– fiercest fighting of the war; INCONCLUSIVE winner; HEAVY casualties for both sides
Casualties=Union 18,399 (2,725) CSA 13,421(1,427)
Cold Harbor Date: May 31-June 12, 1864 (Virginia)
Union Command: Ulysses S. Grant (108,000)
Confederate Command: Robert E. Lee (59,000)
Why: Grant is convinced the Rebels were weakened & demoralized orders full frontal assault on fortified Confederate positions Rest of battle characterized by trench warfare & snipers
Result– Rebel Victory One of the most lopsided battles in American history; HEAVY casualties for Union; Grant continued to Petersburg
Casualties=Union 12,737 (1,844); CSA 4,595 (83)
Siege of Petersburg Petersburg only railroad line to Richmond
Grant used strategy similar to Vicksburg Ordered Gen. Philip Sheridan to lead cavalry raid around Richmond
Allowed Grant to attack Petersburg from the east
City defenses too strong to attack
Grant ordered siege of the city (June 1864-April 1865) Not traditional siege supply lines were not cut
Numerous skirmishes fought & raids conducted
Sheridan cut last railroad line into city at Battle of Five Forks
April 2 Lee finally surrendered Petersburg & Richmond
Battle of Mobile Bay Date: August 2-23, 1864 (Alabama)
Union Command: David G. Farragut
Confederate Command: Franklin Buchanan
Why Union wanted to seal off last major port in Gulf of Mexico; stop Confederate blockade runners from using Gulf to smuggle goods
What: Farragut took 18 ships to Mobile Bay; underwater mine blew up one of the ships halted Union fleet in front of Rebel guns at Fort Morgan; Farragut led fleet thru minefield & besieged the forts and Confederate fleet
Result– Farragut seals off port but failed to capture city
Sherman in the West August 1864 Sherman left Tennessee & followed the
Confederate army to Atlanta Destroyed all railroad lines leading into the city
“Sherman Neckties” twisting of the rail-lines
Sept. 1, 1864Confederates evacuate Atlanta Total War destroyed everything of military value
Factories, railroads, warehouses, etc.
Ordered all citizens to leave city or “feel the hard hand of war”
Sherman’s men then burned the city of Atlanta
“March to the Sea” Nov. 15 – Dec. 21, 1864
Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah, GA Scorched Earth Policy Burned all unused crops
Ransacked Southern homes
Slaughtered livestock
Killed anyone who resisted
• 60 mile wide path of destruction
Reported he had destroyed $100 million in property
After reaching the coast Sherman marched north into South Carolina Wanted to wreak vengeance on the 1st state to secede
Pillaged & burned everything in his path 12 towns set on fire
Including Columbia, the state’s capital
Southerners demoralized
April 18, 1865 forced Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston to surrender at Raleigh, NC
Many Southerners still despise Sherman for his actions during the “March”
Election of 1864 Republican party re-nominated Lincoln (duh)
Changed name to Union party for election
Democrats nominated General George McClellan Still popular despite being replaced early in war
Platform called war a failure & promised to open negotiations w/ South to end hostilities
Lincoln easily won reelection 212- 21 electoral votes Sherman captured Atlanta just before the election
War was almost over
The 13th Amendment Lincoln believed voters wanted to permanently end slavery by
amending the Constitution
For 9 months House of Reps. failed to get two-thirds vote to pass amendment Lincoln promised anti-slavery Democrats certain gov’t positions if
they supported the bill
January 31, 1865 13th Amendment narrowly passed the House of Reps. by vote of 119-56 Banned slavery in the US
Surrender Lee tried to escape Grant’s forces after abandoning Petersburg
Gen. Sheridan’s cavalry blocked Lee’s retreat at Appomattox Courthouse Lee attempted to break through but failed
April 9, 1865 Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse
The Terms of Surrender Lincoln had ordered all generals to give lenient terms of
surrender to Confederates Grant guaranteed US would not prosecute Rebel soldiers for treason
Pledged they would not fight again
Officers able to keep their pistols
Soldiers allowed to keep their horses to help plant crops thru next winter
Union armies saluted Confederates in silence as they laid down their rifles
Against Davis’ orders, all other Confederate generals also surrendered by June
Lincoln’s Assassination John Wilkes Booth Famous stage actor & Confederate
sympathizer designed plot to kill Lincoln
April 14, 1865 Lincoln attends the play, Our American Cousin, at Ford’s Theatre President’s advisers warned him to not appear in public w/o
bodyguards
Booth snuck into President’s viewing box during the 3rd act shot Lincoln in back of head Booth then jumped from balcony onto stage
“Sic semper tyrannis” Thus always to tyrants
Booth fled but is finally found in a barn on a Maryland farm on April 26th Refused to surrender
Soldiers set fire to barn to smoke him out
Union soldier Boston Corbett shoots Booth in neck
A paralyzed Booth died two hours later
Two weeks earlier Lincoln had a dream about “the President” being “killed by an assassin” in the White House.
Aftermath of the Civil War North’s victory strengthened Federal gov’t power over the
states
Ended slavery in America
South socially & economically devastated
BIG question how would the Southern states be allowed back into the Union? Lincoln would have been best man to reunite country
Era after the Civil War Reconstruction