Chapter 9Lifespan Development

Sex and Biology

Female Reproductive Organs

Fertilization

Fertilization = sperm + ovum (the gametes) form a single new cell, a zygote.

The closer the genetic link between two individuals, the more similar their IQ scores are.

Nature or nurture?

Prenatal Testing

Ultrasound Sonography

The Start of Life The Onset of Development

Fetal Stage (eight weeks until birth)

Embryonic Stage (two to eight weeks)

Germinal Stage (first 2 weeks)

The Competent Newborn

Reflexes

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/shared_hss_assets/psychology/dev_vid/video_pop-ups/feldman_video_04-1.html

The Competent Newborn: Milestones

•Head up•Rolling over•Standing alone•Crawling•Cruising•Walking

• One word• Sentences

Psychosocial Development In Childhood

• Harlows: Attachment determined by contact comfort, rather than food.

• (Attachment to an inanimate object is not sufficient for normal social development.)

• [next]

Cognitive Development In Childhood

• Jean Piaget proposed that cognitive development progresses through a series of qualitative stages [next]

Cognitive Development In Childhood

• Sensorimotor• Preoperational (near end of second year – ~7): Operation

= mental action– Symbolic functioning

– Centration; egocentrism [next]

• Concrete Operations• Formal Operations

– Love, shades of gray, values

Adolescence

• Puberty– Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics. – “The adolescent growth spurt”– Girls begin their growth spurts earlier (approx. 2 years) and complete them

earlier.– By age 13, boys are taller on average.

• Androgens• Estrogens • Menarche• Cultural trends• Secular trends shows earlier maturation (next slide)

Young Adulthood

• Parenting– Authoritarian– Authoritative– Permissive– Negligent– Democratic

Middle Adulthood

• Physical changes > characterized by a gradual decline.

• Visual and auditory sensitivity declines, muscle strength decreases, and reaction time

• Hormonal changes > menopause; marks the end of childbearing.

• Decrease in estrogen production can lead to osteoporosis.

Late Adulthood

• increase in susceptibility to disease.

• Dementia: degenerative, irreversable

• ~1/3 of 85+ may suffer from Alzheimer's disease

• Erikson: integrity versus despair– People who are unable to put their

life in perspective may experience anger, bitterness, and despair.

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

• Elisabeth Kubler-Ross– Denial

– Anger

– Bargaining

– Depression

– Acceptance