Chapter 9 organisational behavior
-
Upload
viet-hoang-duong -
Category
Documents
-
view
201 -
download
6
description
Transcript of Chapter 9 organisational behavior
9Chapter
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-2
Learning Outcomes
• Identify the focus and goals of organizational behavior (OB)
• Explain the role that attitudes play in job performance
• Describe different personality theories• Describe perception and the factors that
influence it
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-3
Learning Outcomes (cont.)
• Discuss learning theories and their relevance in shaping behavior
• Discuss contemporary issues in OB
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-4
What Is Organizational Behavior?
• Behavior– The actions of people
• Organizational Behavior– The study of the
actions of people at work.
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-5
What is the Focus of OB?
• Employee Productivity– A performance measure of both work efficiency
and effectiveness
• Absenteeism– The failure to show up for work
• Turnover– Voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal
from an organization
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-6
Focus of OB (cont.)
• Organizational Citizenship Behavior– Discretionary behavior that’s not part of an
employee’s formal job requirements, but which promotes the effective functioning of the organization
• Job Satisfaction– An employee’s general attitude toward his or her
job
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-7
Focus of OB (cont.)
• Workplace Misbehavior– Any intentional
employee behavior that is potentially harmful to the organization or individuals within the organization
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-8Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-9
• Employee Engagement– When employees are
connected to, satisfied with, and enthusiastic about their jobs
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-10Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-11
What Do Managers Need to Know About Personality?• Personality– A unique combination of emotional, thought, and
behavioral patterns that affect how a person reacts to situations and interacts with others
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)– A personality assessment that uses four
dichotomies of personality to identify different personality types
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-12Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-13
What is The Big Five Model?
• Big Five Model– A personality trait model
that examines five traits: 1.Extraversion2.Agreeableness3.Conscientiousness,4.Emotional stability5.Openness to experience
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-14Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-15
WHAT IS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE?• Emotional
Intelligence (EI)– The ability to notice
and to manage emotional cues and information
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-16
Five Dimensions of EI
– Self-awareness• Being aware of what you’re feeling.
– Self-management• The ability to manage your own emotions and impulses
– Self-motivation• The ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures
– Empathy• The ability to sense how others are feeling
– Social skills• The ability to handle the emotions of others
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-17
Can Personality Traits Predict Work-Related Behaviors?• Locus of Control– The degree to which people believe they control
their own fate
• Machiavellianism (“Mach”)– A measure of the degree to which people are
pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe that ends justify means
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-18
Personality and Work Behavior (cont.)• Self-Esteem (SE)– An individual’s degree of like or dislike for himself
or herself
• Self-Monitoring– A personality trait that measures the ability to
adjust behavior to external situational factors
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-19
What is Perception and What Influences It?• Perception– A process by which we give meaning to our
environment by organizing and interpreting sensory impressions
• Attribution Theory– A theory used to explain how we judge people
differently, based on what meaning we attribute to a given behavior
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-20Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-21
Perception Shortcuts
• Selective Perception– The tendency for people to only absorb parts of
what they observe, allowing them to “speed read” others
• Assumed Similarity– An observer’s perception of others is influenced
more by the observer’s own characteristics than by those of the person observed
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-22
Perception Shortcuts (cont.)
• Stereotyping – When we judge someone on the basis of our
perception of a group he or she is part of
• Halo Effect– When we form a general impression of a person
on the basis of a single characteristic
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-23Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-24
How Does Learning Theory Explain Behavior?• Learning– A relatively permanent change in behavior that
occurs as a result of experience
• Operant Conditioning– A theory of learning that says behavior is a
function of its consequences
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-25
What Is Social Learning Theory?
• Social Learning Theory– A theory of learning that says people can learn
through observation and direct experience
• Shaping behavior– The process of guiding learning in graduated steps,
using reinforcement or lack of reinforcement
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
8-26Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.