CHAPTER 9CHAPTER 9Expanding Markets and Expanding Markets and

Moving WestMoving West

Section 2-Manifest DestinySection 2-Manifest DestinySection 3-Expansion in TexasSection 3-Expansion in Texas

Section 4-War with MexicoSection 4-War with Mexico

Section 2-Manifest DestinySection 2-Manifest Destiny

Many Americans believed that the Many Americans believed that the

During the 1840s, some Americans came to During the 1840s, some Americans came to believe that believe that the spread westward was the spread westward was destined and ordained by God.destined and ordained by God.

These ideas came to be known as These ideas came to be known as Manifest Manifest DestinyDestiny--

Manifest DestinyAn Allegorical Painting by John Gast 1872

Americans moved west for a number of Americans moved west for a number of reasons:reasons:

Two of the most Two of the most important trails to the important trails to the West were the West were the Santa Santa Fe TrailFe Trail and the and the Oregon TrailOregon Trail. .

Santa Fe Trail:780 miles from Independence,Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico

Oregon Trail:From Independence, Missourito Portland, Oregon*By 1844, 5,000 Americans arrived in Oregon and farmed

Tensions with Great BritainTensions with Great Britain

-Treaty of Paris (signed after the Revolutionary War) was not clear on the northern and eastern boundaries on Maine

-1838: British decided to construct a road to connect the Bay of Fundy (which touches Maine and Canada) to Montreal and Quebec

Tensions with Great Britain-Tensions with Great Britain-Aroostook WarAroostook War

February 1839-

As they were moving north, they encountered British workers who were clearing land to build the road, and they fought one another

It could have turned into a higher scale war when the army was starting to mobilize in case of a serious war

ResolutionResolution

Important that the U.S. and Great Britain maintained good relations because

In order to resolve the issue brought forth by the Aroostook War, Daniel Webster (Secretary of State) and Lord Ashburton divided the territory of Maine between Great Britain and the U.S.

Resolving Territorial Disputes-Resolving Territorial Disputes-Establishing the Northern BoundaryEstablishing the Northern Boundary

Oregon Territory ( ) was still jointly owned by Oregon Territory ( ) was still jointly owned by the U.S. and Great Britainthe U.S. and Great Britain

1846: the U.S. and Great Britain signed a treaty 1846: the U.S. and Great Britain signed a treaty that set the present day border between the U.S. that set the present day border between the U.S. and Canada by extending the, further expanding and Canada by extending the, further expanding US territoryUS territory

President James K. Polk’s presidential campaign President James K. Polk’s presidential campaign rested on therested on the

Tensions with Native AmericansTensions with Native AmericansAs settlers were moving west, they moved As settlers were moving west, they moved to lands Native Americans inhabitedto lands Native Americans inhabited

Black Hawk War: Black Hawk led a Black Hawk War: Black Hawk led a rebellion against the U.S. in 1830 rebellion against the U.S. in 1830 throughout Illinois and the Wisconsin throughout Illinois and the Wisconsin territory due to settlers pressuring Native territory due to settlers pressuring Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi Americans to move west of the Mississippi

Tensions with Native Tensions with Native Americans: Fort Laramie Treaty Americans: Fort Laramie Treaty

of 1851of 1851Signed between US representatives and Native Signed between US representatives and Native American tribes including the Sioux, Crow and American tribes including the Sioux, Crow and Cheyenne tribes to address disturbances Cheyenne tribes to address disturbances between settlers and Native Americansbetween settlers and Native Americans

Intentions: Intentions:

Provisions:Provisions:

Results of the Fort Laramie Results of the Fort Laramie TreatyTreaty

Treaty was violatedTreaty was violated

Treaties that were signed after the Fort Treaties that were signed after the Fort Laramie Treaty forced Native Americans Laramie Treaty forced Native Americans to abandon their landto abandon their land

Mormon MigrationMormon Migration

1830: Mormons established the Church of 1830: Mormons established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Fayette, NYFayette, NY

Led by who was jailed for treason and Led by who was jailed for treason and killed in jail by an anti-Mormon groupkilled in jail by an anti-Mormon group

1847:1847:

Tensions in Mexico: Expansion Tensions in Mexico: Expansion in Texasin Texas

Before Americans started settling in Before Americans started settling in Texas, both the local Indians and Texas, both the local Indians and Mexicans continually fought over who Mexicans continually fought over who controlled the territory.controlled the territory.

After Mexico’s independence from Spain, After Mexico’s independence from Spain, they took control over the Southwest area they took control over the Southwest area of the U.S.of the U.S.

During the 1820s, Mexico began offering During the 1820s, Mexico began offering land land grantsgrants to Americans interested in settling in to Americans interested in settling in Texas.Texas.If they agreed to obey Mexico’s laws and If they agreed to obey Mexico’s laws and religion.religion.One of the most prominent American settlers One of the most prominent American settlers was was Stephen F. AustinStephen F. Austin, who began an American , who began an American colony in Texas.colony in Texas.30,000 Americans moved to Texas 30,000 Americans moved to Texas outnumbering Mexicans 10:1outnumbering Mexicans 10:1Mexicans passed a law to limit immigration into Mexicans passed a law to limit immigration into TexasTexas

Battle of AlamoBattle of Alamo

Santa Ana was elected as Mexico’s Santa Ana was elected as Mexico’s president in 1833 and abolished local rightspresident in 1833 and abolished local rights

Rebellions emerged in Texas and he led his Rebellions emerged in Texas and he led his army into Texasarmy into Texas

1836: Texans were defeated at the Battle of 1836: Texans were defeated at the Battle of Alamo but Mexican troops were attacked by Alamo but Mexican troops were attacked by surprise by Houston’s troops who were surprise by Houston’s troops who were yelling “Remember the Alamo!”yelling “Remember the Alamo!”

Santa Anna was capturedSanta Anna was captured

Texas-The Lone Star StateTexas-The Lone Star State

Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty that would accept the independence of that would accept the independence of Texas in 1836Texas in 1836