Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration Chapter 8.
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration &...
Transcript of Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration &...
![Page 1: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
9.1 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
![Page 2: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Org need food for NRG to carry out cell’s activities
Calories: measures food NRG
1 cal = heat needed to raise 1 g H2O 1○ C
1000 calories = 1 kilocalorie or 1 dietary Calorie
Cells use diff molecules of food
Fats: 9 cal of NRG/g
Proteins: 4 cal of NRG/g
Carbs: 4 cal of NRG/g
Cells break down food
gradually
1. Chemical NRG & Food
![Page 3: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Releases NRG from food in presence of O2
6 O2 + C6H12O6 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + NRG
A. 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration
1. Glycolysis: in cytoplasm, breaks glucose, little ATP
2. Krebs Cycle: in mito, cont to break down, little ATP
3. ET Chain: inner mem of mito, Most NRG production
B. Oxygen & NRG
O2 required at end of ET chain NRG = O2 demand
Aerobic Pathway: requires O2 (krebs & ET Chain, Cell Resp))
Anaerobic Pathway: w/out O2 (glycolysis, fermentation)
2. Overview of Cellular Respiration
![Page 4: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Removes CO2 in atm Puts CO2 into atm
Releases O2 into atm Uses O2 to release NRG from food
Occurs only in: plants, algae, Occurs in: anmls, plants, fungi,
some bact protists, most bact
3. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
![Page 6: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
9.2 Process of Cellular Respiration
![Page 7: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Anaerobic (With or W/out O2); quick proces
Occurs in cytoplasm
1 Glucose (6C) 2 Pyruvic Acid (3C)
A. ATP Production
Input 2 ATP to start rxn = produces 4 ATP; net gain of 2 ATP
B. NADH Production
NAD+ accepts pair of high-NRG
electrons to make NADH
1. Glycolysis—Stage 1
![Page 8: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Named after Hans Krebs (biochemist) 1937
Aerobic
Occurs in Mitochondrion fluid matrix
Series of chem rxn mainly involving C compounds
Pyruvic Acid (3C) gets broken down into CO2 thru series of rxns
2. Krebs Cycle—Stage 2
![Page 9: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A. Citric Acid Production
As cycle begins, it takes pyruvic acid (3C)Acetyl-CoA + 4C = Citric Acid (6C) 5C 4C (back to start)
Also known as Citric Acid Cycle b/c 1st comp formed
![Page 10: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
B. NRG Extraction
1 ATP/cycle turn (2 Pyruvic Acids = 2 turns = 2 ATP made)
E- carriers accept High NRG e-: NADH & FADH2
Products made in Krebs: CO2 (by product, exhale out)
2 ATP
NADH Help generate huge amt of ATP
FADH2 in ET Chain
![Page 11: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Occurs in inner membrane of mitochondria
High NRG e- (from Krebs: NADH/FADH2) & carrier proteins to convert ADP into 32 ATP
O2: final e- acceptor (H2O)
3. Electron Transport & ATP Synthesis
![Page 12: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Glycolysis = 2 ATP
Krebs = 2 ATP
ET Chain = 32-34 ATP
about 36-38 ATP
Human Diet
Includes complex carbs, to lipids, to proteins
Enters into Glycolysis & Krebs in several places
Compared to a furnace = gen NRG (ATP) from about any food source
= releases heat NRG
4. The Totals
![Page 13: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
9.3 Fermentation
![Page 16: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Anaerobic process (w/o O2)
Begins w/Glycolysis in cytoplasm
Releases NRG from food by making ATP
2 types: Alcoholic & Lactic Acid
1. Fermentation
![Page 17: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
9.3 Fermentation
![Page 18: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Used by Yeast & other microorg.
Pyruvic Acid + NADH Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Uses: causes bread dough to rise (CO2 bubbles = air spaces in bread)
alcoholic beverages, root beer
A. Alcoholic Fermentation
![Page 19: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Most org go thru Lactic Acid Ferm
Pyruvic Acid + NADH Lactic Acid + NAD+
Uses: bact = cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream (sour taste), pickles, sauerkraut
Humans: Use for rapid burst of act, strenous act
O2 is low or depleted causing sore muscles
B. Lactic Acid Fermentation
![Page 20: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentationmail.faribault.k12.mn.us/~Tricia_Johnson/S00CF9EA9.6... · 2011-12-16 · Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Removes CO2 in atm Puts](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050510/5f9a8fcec4ea361b627dc6bc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Humans have 3 main NRG sources
1. ATP already in muscles
2. ATP from Lactic Acid
3. ATP from Cellular Respiration
In footrace, use all 3 sources
A. Quick NRG (short race)
ATP avail few sec
Uses stored ATP Glycolysis + Lactic Acid Fermentation
Must repay O2 debt (heavy breathing)
B. Long-Term NRG
Use Cellular Respiration to make big amt ATP
Releases ATP at slower rate
Pathway: stored glycogen (15-20 min) then stored fat
2. Energy & Exercise