Chapter 9, 2014 Content Vocabulary Key People, Events, Acts, Plans, and Organizations.
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Transcript of Chapter 9, 2014 Content Vocabulary Key People, Events, Acts, Plans, and Organizations.
alliance system
agreements to defend other alliance countries if they were attacked
posed a great danger because an attack on one nation could trigger a war involving many countries
balance of power
The alliance system was supposed to keep peace by creating this.
prevents any one country from dominating the others
militarism
the strengthening of armies and navies to protect a nation’s interests
in turn threatens rivals to build up their military
autocracy
one person with unlimited powers rules
This is the type of government that existed in Russia prior to their revolution in 1917.
The temporary government promised free elections and to continue the fight against Germany.
armistice
an agreement to end fighting began on November 11:
11th hour on the 11th day of the 11th month
Germany had to withdraw land forces and its fleet along with surrendering huge amounts of equipment.
kaiser
emperor German kaiser stepped down as
revolution against him spread in Germany
This led to Germany being declared a republic.
New leaders agreed to Wilson’s terms for armistice.
ration
limited use of food led to Americans using less food,
expanding food production, and increasing food export
socialists
people who believe industries should be publicly owned
They thought war would only help rich business owners and hurt working people.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
next in line to the throne in Austria-Hungary
He and his wife were assassinated by Serbian nationalists/terrorists.
This was the spark that led to the chain reaction of European countries declaring war with one another.
Henry Cabot Lodge
powerful opponent of the Treaty of Versailles
longtime foe of President Wilson delayed a vote on the treaty Played a major role in the rejection of
the treaty by the U.S. Senate
Great Migration
thousands of African-Americans moved from the rural south to Northern cities
huge population movement thousands of Mexicans migrated to
the U.S. in search of jobs
Food Administration
headed by Herbert Hoover encouraged American farmers to
produce more persuaded the public to eat less Price controls on agricultural
products to encourage voluntary rationing
War Industries Board
supervised industrial production oversaw the changeover of factories
to produce war-related goods set prices for key consumer products
Fuel Administration
managed the nation’s coal and oil introduced Daylight Savings Time called for “Heatless Mondays”
Committee on Public Information promote the war as a battle for
democracy and freedom launched a massive propaganda
campaign Distributed millions of pro-war
pamphlets, posters, articles, and books Provided newspapers with government
accounts of the war and advertisements Hired speakers, writers, artists, and
actors to build support for the war
Effects of the War at Home helped the American economy Hurt American society government silenced opposition Some Americans became intolerant
of those who were different.
Battle of Argonne Forest
Allied offensive defeated the Germans most massive attack in American
history 7 weeks long turns the war in favor of the Allies
Lusitania
British passenger liner torpedoed by German U-boats
killed more than 1000 people, including 128 Americans
Selective Service Act
set up a military draft to raise an army quickly
Men aged 21-30 must register to serve, then a portion of those registered are called to serve
Zimmerman Telegram
sent by a German foreign minister to Mexico
offered an alliance with Mexico against the U.S.
Germany offered financial support and lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
between Russia and Germany allowed Russia to focus on their new
communist government gave Germans substantial territory Allowed Germans to move troops
from the Eastern Front to the Western Front and almost win the war by taking Paris
Espionage Act
People against the war were seen as unpatriotic.
stiff penalties for spying People who aided the enemy or
interfered with army recruiting could be penalized, too.
Sabotage Act & Sedition Act It became a crime to say, print, or
write any criticism perceived, or recognized, as negative about the government.
It was considered sabotage – secret action to damage the war effort.
Thousands were convicted. Most believed we needed to take
action against traitors and disloyal Americans.
Fourteen Points
Wilson’s peace plan adjusted boundaries in Europe created new nations included principles for conducting
international relations with free trade and freedom of the seas
end to secret treaties or agreements Limits on arms peaceful settlement of disputes over
colonies
League of Nations
the 14th point of Wilson’s 14 points to improve peace and prevent future
wars respect and protection of one
another’s independence
Treaty of Versailles
signed by the Allies and Germany dealt harshly with the Germans Germany had to take full responsibility for
the conflict Germany had to disarm completely and
give up its overseas colonies along with territory in Europe
Carved up Austria-Hungarian and Russian Empires
New nations created, old nations restored
Europe After World War I
Changed boundaries of Europe Dividing land weakened Central Powers Germany’s land area greatly reduced New nations emerged in Eastern
Europe: Poland Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
Economic depression aided the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Japan
France, Britain, and U.S. sent troops to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks.