Chapter 8:

The New Nation, 1786–1800

8.1: The Crisis Of The 1780s

A. Economic Crisis (1780s)

1. Inflation due to the wara. Shortage of goods

b. Devalue of currency; too much in circulation

2. Depression sets ina. US supplier of raw goods

b. Trade deficit w/GB; silver leaving US

c. Banks refused new loans

3. Confederation Congress unable to raise taxes; called on states to do so.

B. Annapolis Convention(It was in Maryland! 1786)

1. Meeting to call a meeting in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation

2. Need for a stronger federal government was apparent

3. Shay’s Rebellion (8/1786)

8.2: The New Constitution

A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)

A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)

1. Va Plan:a. Bicameral legislatureb. Rep. based on pop.

Who doesn’t like this plan?

c. Senators elected by housed. House elected by

popular vote

A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)

2. NJ Plan:All states represented equally

Who doesn’t like this plan?

A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)

3. Great Compromisea. Equal rep. in Senate; elected by Houseb. House rep. based on population; elected by the peoplec. Regional interest: north – commerce and trade

regulation south – slavery; 3/5 rule for representation

d. Electoral College: delegates vote based on the number of representatives in Congress

Father of the Constitution

James Madison

B. Ratifying the New Constitution

1. Federalistsa. Support the constitutionb. Strong federal gov’t.c. Merchants,

manufactures, large land owners

d. Republic ideals can work in a big country, contrary to philosopher Montesquieu

- Many interest groups = no one interest group in holding power

B. Ratifying the New Constitution

2. Anti-federalistsa. Favored strong

local/state govt; small fed. Gov’t.

b. Think TJ and farmersc. Explicit interpretation

of constitutiond. Wanted Bill of Rights: i. James Madison ii. What did it stand

for?

TJ

J. Madison

C. Ratifying the New Constitution

8.3: The First Administration

A. GW (1789-1797)

1. “man of the people?”2. Cabinet members?

B. Federal Judiciary

1. Judiciary Act – 1789

a. establishes the Supreme Court and lower federal courts

b. Higher courts function as appellate courts

c. Increases from 6 to 9 judges in 1869

C. Hamilton’s Controversial Fiscal Program

1. Tariffs of 1789:Focus - raise revenue for the gov’t, not protect Amer. Merchants

2. Hamilton’s Plana.Assumption –

i. feds repay states debt w/bonds ii. Est. credit for fed. Gov’t abroad

b.Bank of the United States Managed by Treasury Dept.

c.TJ argues unconstitutional expansion of power

3. Complete Successforeign investments and domestic capital increases

HBO Hamilton v. TJ clip

4. Hamilton vs. TJ re: the Constitution

FederalistImplied powers

Anti-federalistExplicit powers

D. Foreign Policy (1793)

1. French Rev. and war Between France and GB

2. What should the US do?

3. Feds: GB; trade4. Anti-feds: Fr; less

dependent on GB5. Neutrality = Sell,

sell, sell!

&

E. U.S. and Natives

1. Intercourse Acta. Regulated trade w/nativesb. Lands negotiated solely

through treaties

2.NW Ordinance 1787Est. rules of govt/statehood

3.Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

a. NW territory; NA lose =b. Treaty of Greenville –

NA lose NW lands to the US

F. Domestic Crisis (1794)

1. Whiskey Rebelliona. Excise tax?b. tax collectors

harrassed/killedc. GW sends troops out

to Pa; puts rebels down

2. Moral of story? a. don’t mess w/Fed govt

=> Tested powers of new

fed gov’t and Feds win

H. Jay’s and Pinckney’s Treaties1. Jay’s Treaty

a. GB to leave by 1796b. Trade equally w/US

2. Problem w/Treatya. No compensation for lose

of slavesb. Favored alliance w/GB

over French who were allies

c. House tries blocking treaty; wants to see correspondence re: treaty; GW says “No!”

d. Precedent of “executive privilege” set by GW

H. Jay’s and Pinckney’s Treaties

3. Pinckney’s Treaty a. Southern boundary @31 parallel b. Ms. River open for US trade4.Collectively, LTC of treaties?

Sovereignty West of Appalachian Mts. And ports from Atlantic to Miss. Valley open.

I. GW Farewell Address

doc

8.4: Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans

A. The Rise of Political PartiesElection of 1796

FederalistsPresident

RepublicansV.P.

B. Adam’s X, Y, Z Affair1. Relations between US and

France worsen thanks to US support of Jay’s Treaty; French confiscate US vessels and cargo.

2. US Delegates turned away; French wanted bribes/loans

3. Adams releases messages with names of French officials as X, Y, and Z.

4. Adams stands his ground; builds a navy for defense

5. “Quasi-war” between the two

6. Adams approval rating soars

C. Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)

1. Limits free speech and liberties of foreigners

2. Naturalization Act increases residence requirements from 5 to 14 years

3. Sedition Act: fines/imprisonment for anyone convicted of speaking against gov’t

4. To be used against Republicans

5. Disagreement = treason

C. Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)

6. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

a. states have fundamental rights that the federal gov’t cannot abridge (diminish)

b. States can nullify federal laws that they judge to be unconstitutional*

c. Constitutional compact between fed and state gov’t

D. Election of 1800 Tied!

1. Jefferson & Burr2. 12th Amendment3. First party

change: Federalist to Republican

TJ

AB

E. Democratic Political Culture

1. Growth of political participation

2. Universal suffrage increasing?

Alexander Hamilton