CHAPTER 8 OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A PAGE 1 ISSUE 1 ... 8. Aerodrome Operating... · 1 c operations...
Transcript of CHAPTER 8 OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A PAGE 1 ISSUE 1 ... 8. Aerodrome Operating... · 1 c operations...
1
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
Table of Content
A .GENERAL / CHAPTER 8 .- AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA .............................................................................3
8 . METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA ........................................................................................... 3 8.1 Take-Off Conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 3 8.2 Take-off Minima ................................................................................................................................................ 3
8.2.1 RVR Values for Takeoff (Company Take-Off Minima) ................................................................................................... 3 8.3 Low Visibility Procedures ................................................................................................................................... 4
8.3.1 Low Visibility Takeoff ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 8.4 Aircraft Approach Category (ICAO) ................................................................................................................... 4
8.4.1 Increased Minima for Flight Crew Members with Less than 200 hours in the Aircraft ................................................ 5 8.4.2 Senior Pilot-in-Command Operational Control of the Flight Responsibilities............................................................... 5
8.5 Take-off .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 8.5.1 Take-off Alternate.......................................................................................................................................................... 6
8.6 Continuation of Flight to an Aerodrome............................................................................................................ 6 8.7 Destination Aerodrome ..................................................................................................................................... 7 8.8 Destination Alternate and En Route Alternate Aerodromes Planning Minima ................................................ 7 8.9 Isolated Aerodromes .......................................................................................................................................... 8 8.10 Methods for Establishing of Aerodrome Operating Minima ........................................................................... 8
8.10.1 Non-Precision Approach Landing Minima ................................................................................................................... 8 8.10.1.1 Visual Reference .................................................................................................................................................. 8 8.10.1.2 System Minima .................................................................................................................................................... 9 8.10.1.3 Required RVR....................................................................................................................................................... 9 8.10.1.4 Additional requirements.................................................................................................................................... 10
8.11 CAT I Landing Minima .................................................................................................................................... 10 8.11.1 Definition ................................................................................................................................................................... 10 8.11.2 Required RVR ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 8.11.3 Additional Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 12
8.12 CAT II Landing Minima (ACA not authorzed CAT II) ....................................................................................... 12 8.12.1 Definition ................................................................................................................................................................... 12 8.12.2 Required RVR ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 8.12.3 CAT II Aerodrome Operating Minima for Pilot-in-Commands with Insufficient Experience on Type ...................... 13
8.13 Equipment Deterioration ............................................................................................................................... 13 8.13.1 Effect on Landing Minima of Temporarily Failed or Downgraded Equipment ......................................................... 13
2
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
3
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
A. GENERAL / CHAPTER 8.- AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
8. Methods for Establishing Aerodrome Operating Minima
• Note: ACA understands that all operating minima in this section of the Operations Manual are
subject to the approval of the Authority.
•
• Note: ACA wishes to use Jeppesen Charting services published "Aerodrome Operating Minima" for
all ACA minimum flight altitudes for each flight. The Chief Pilot shall ensure that all Flight Crew use
the most current Jeppesen " Aerodrome Operating Minima ".
• Note: Minimum aerodrome operating minima will never be less than that stated in ACA's
Operations Specifications.
•
8.1 Take-Off Conditions
Before commencing take-off, the Pilot-in-Command shall be satisfied that:
According to the information available to the Pilot-in-Command, the weather at the aerodrome or
operating site and the condition of the runway or FATO intended to be used would not prevent a safe
take-off and departure; and
Established aerodrome operating minima will be complied with.
8.2 Take-off Minima
When the reported visibility is below that required for take-off and RVR is not reported, or when neither
reported visibility nor RVR is available, a take-off may only be commenced if the Pilot-in-Command can
determine that the RVR/visibility along the take-off runway is equal to or better than the required minimum.
This may require a runway visit to assess the RVR at the relevant RVR reporting points by a Company
dedicated observer or aerodrome authority’s observer.
Take-off minima shall be increased whenever there is a special need to see and avoid obstacles on
departure or for other performance requirements.
8.2.1 RVR Values for Takeoff (Company Take-Off Minima)
The required RVR values as given in the above table must be available for the take-off run )except for
which may be based on pilot's assessment( and a distance for a possible accelerate stop case, that is for
the Accelerate Stop Distance )ASD(. From this assumption, only that number of RVR values must be at or
above those required in the table of takeoff minima as needed to cover the distance from start of the take-
off until the aircraft would come to a stop in case of an aborted take-off.
RVR/Visibility minima for take-off are as defined in Table 1.
4
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
Table 1
Facilities RVR/VIS
Runway edge and centerline lighting and
multiple RVR information, LVP in force RVR 150 m for CAT A, B, C Aircraft
Note: A take-off minimum of 125 m RVR )CAT A, B, C Aircraft( may be used
under the following conditions:
- High Intensity runway centerline lights must be spaced 15 meters or less and high Intensity edge lights are spaced at 60 m
or less -both systems must be In operation -,
-Flight Crew Members have satisfactorily completed a check in a Flight simulator,
- A 90 m visual segment is available from the cockpit at the take-off point, and
- The required RVR value has been achieved for all of the relevant RVR reporting points
Runway edge and centerline lighting, LVP in force RVR 200 m for CAT A, B, C Aircraft,
Runway edge lighting and/or centerline marking, LVP in force RVR 250 m for CAT A, B, C Aircraft,
Note: For night operations at least runway edge and runway end Identifier/stop lights are required and must he "ON".
No facilities )day only(
- controlled aerodromes with published SID's- RVR 500 m
VFR - aerodromes with a control zone whose
upper limits coincide or penetrate a TMA or another controlled
airspace to allow a controlled flight after take-off
VIS1500 m*
*Plus the requirement to keep clear of clouds until IFR
clearance becomes effective
Note: If the appropriate ATS Authority permits flights with VIS less than 5000 m.
VFR - aerodromes without a control zone
VIS 3000 m/1500 ft ceiling
VMC must be maintainable until IFR clearance becomes
effective.
8.3 Low Visibility Procedures
The operation of AC aviations is not applicable to this requirement
8.3.1 Low Visibility Takeoff
The operation of AC aviations is not applicable to this requirement
8.4 Aircraft Approach Category (ICAO)
The following ICAO table indicates the specified range of handling speeds )IAS( for each category of
Aircraft to perform the maneuvers specified. These speed ranges have been assumed for use in
calculating airspace and obstacle clearance for each procedure.
Note: The Pilot-in-Command shall check if other categories apply for certain States for the planned
flight.
5
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
Aircraft
Approach
Category
Vat
(Vref)
Initial Approach
Speeds
Final Approach
Speeds
Max Speed for Visual
Maneuvering (Circling)
Max Speeds for
Missed
Approach
Intermediate Final
A <91 90/150 70/100 100 100 110
B 91/120 120/180 85/130 135 130 150
C 121/140 160/240 115/160 180 160 240
D 141/165 185/250 130/185 205 185 265
Vat or Vref: Speed at threshold based on 1.3 times stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum
certificated landing mass which is equivalent to 1,23 VS1g, whichever is applicable by certification.
Upon special request and approval by the authority an operator may permanently restrict the max landing
weight so as to make use of a lower aircraft approach category. The minima given on the next pages
represent the absolute lowest minima permissible under the given conditions. If the minima presented in
the ACA OM, Part C )Jeppesen route manual(, any other Aeronautical Information publication or in the
RTOW/M charts of the ACA OM, Part A., are higher, then those higher minima will apply unless special
approval is given by the competent authority for a particular aerodrome.
Visual Maneuvering / Circling Approaches:
A maneuver initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a runway for landing when a straight-in landing from
an instrument approach is not possible or is not desirable. This maneuver is made only after ATC
authorization has been obtained and the pilot has established required visual reference to the aerodrome.The
lowest minima are:
Category MDH Visibility
Category MDH (ft) Visibility (m)
A 400 1500
B 500 1600
C 600 2400
D 700 3600
Visual Approach (to an IFR qualified runway):
• The minimum RVR for a visual approach shall be at least 800 m
8.4.1 Increased Minima for Flight Crew Members with Less than 200 hours in the Aircraft
Approach and landing minima will increase +200 DH / MDA and +400 m RVR for Flight Crew Members
acting as PF for the flight sector that have less than 200 hrs total time in the aircraft.
8.4.2 Senior Pilot-in-Command Operational Control of the Flight Responsibilities
The Senior Pilot-in-Command shall assume the duty of PF anytime that they feel the safety of the flight is in
question or if any of the following aircraft conditions occur, weather conditions exist or are forecast:
6
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
Aircraft equipment failure in-flight;
Aerodrome ground facilities equipment failure occur in-flight;
Crosswinds or tailwind components within 5 knots of the maximum component listed in the approved
AFM;
Runway contamination or reported breaking action is below the safe level of experience as determined
by the Senior Pilot-in-Command;
Moderate or severe turbulence has been reported on final approach;
Deteriorating aerodrome weather on final approach;
8.5 Take-off
For an IFR flight, weather minima at the departure aerodrome shall not be less than the applicable minima
for landing at that aerodrome unless a take-off alternate meeting the landing minima requirements during a
period of 1 hour before and ending 1 hour after ETA, is available within:
For 2-engined aircraft, a range of 1 hour flying time at one-engine- out cruising speed based on the
actual takeoff mass.
For 3 or 4-engined aircraft, a range of 2 hours flying time at one- engine-out cruising speed based on
the actual takeoff mass.
A take-off must not be commenced unless, at the estimated times of arrival at destination and/or alternate,
the meteorological conditions are forecast to be at or above the applicable aerodrome minima.
On a VFR flight, takeoff must not be commenced unless current meteorological reports indicate that the
weather conditions en-route - or for that route segment to be flown under VFR weather minimums for the
airspace.
8.5.1 Take-off Alternate
For selection as a take-off alternate aerodrome must satisfy the following conditions:
Meteorological reports must indicate that the weather at the aerodrome, will be at or above the
applicable landing minima for ± 1 hour of the aircrafts estimated time of arrival )ETA(; and
If only non-precision and/or circling approaches are available ceiling must be taken into account; and
Any one-engine inoperative limitations must be taken into account.
All required alternates will be specified in the operational flight plan by Dispatch and or the Pilot-in-
Command
8.6 Continuation of Flight to an Aerodrome
A flight shall not be continued towards the aerodrome of intended landing, unless the latest available
weather forecast and combination of aerodrome information indicates that at the expected time of arrival, a
landing can be effected at the aerodrome or at least one destination alternate aerodrome, in compliance
with the operating minima established in accordance with the most current Jeppesen Aerodrome Operating
Minima.
7
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
8.7 Destination Aerodrome
For selection as a destination an aerodrome must satisfy the following conditions:
Meteorological reports and/or forecasts must indicate that the weather at the aerodrome will be at or
above the applicable planning minima as specified in )1( and )2( below for +/- 1 hour of the aircrafts
ETA:
1( RVR/Visibility in accordance with operating minima.
2( For a non-precision or circling approach the ceiling must be at or above MDH.
If planning minima at destination is not fulfilled, two destination alternate aerodromes must be selected.
8.8 Destination Alternate and En Route Alternate Aerodromes Planning Minima
If IFR conditions are forecast, Dispatch or the PIC shall specify at least one destination alternate on the
ATS flight plan.
A take-off will not be commenced unless at the estimated time of arrival at destination and/or alternate, the
meteorological conditions are forecast to be at or above the applicable aerodrome minima as specified in
table below.
For selection as a destination alternate or en-route alternate, an aerodrome must satisfy the following
conditions:
Meteorological reports and/or forecasts must indicate that the weather at the aerodrome will be
at or above the planning minima specified in Table 1 for en-route alternate, Table 2 below for +/-
1 hour of the aircrafts expected time of arrival:
Table 1
Planning Minima for En-route and Destination Alternates
Type of Approach Planning Minima
CAT II and III CAT I RVR
CAT I
RVR and Ceiling)*( above MDH
RVR + 1000m and Ceiling)*( above MDH + 200ft )**(
Circling Circling
• (*) Ceiling is lowest layer that is BKN or OVC
• Note 1: When two alternates are required because the weather forecast for the destination is below
landing minima, fuel for the alternate aerodrome must be such as to reach the most distant
alternate..
• (**) Note 2: All non-precision approaches shall be flown using the continuous descent final
approaches (CDFA) technique unless otherwise approved by the Authority for a particular approach
to a particular runway.
When calculating the minima, the operator shall ensure that the applicable minimum RVR is increased by
200 meters (m) for Cat A/B aeroplanes and by 400 m for Cat C/D aeroplanes for approaches not flown using
the CDFA technique, providing that the resulting RVR/CMV value does not exceed 5000 m.
8
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
For approaches flown utilising the CDFA technique an increment of 50ft is to be added to the published
MDA (H).
Table 2
Planning Minima for En-route Alternates and Destination Alternates
Approach Facility Configuration Alternate Airfield Ceiling Weather Minima Visibility
For aerodromes with at least one operational navigation
facility, providing a precision or non- precision runway
approach procedure or a circling maneuver from an
instrument approach or the landing can be made under VFR
conditions and separate runways are available.
A ceiling derived by adding 400
feet to the published DA/MDA or
circling minima.
A visibility derived by adding
1500m )5000ft / 1sm( to the
published minima.
8.9 Isolated Aerodromes
Flights to an isolated aerodrome shall not continued past the point of no return unless a current assessment
of meteorological conditions, traffic, and other operational conditions indicate that a safe landing can be
made at the estimated time of arrival, and:
Separate runways are two or more runways at the same aerodrome configured such that if one runway
is closed, operations to the other runway)s( can be conducted, and
Guidance on planning operations to isolated aerodromes is contained in the flight planning and fuel
calculations.
Isolated Aerodrome Fuel Operations into isolated aerodromes do not require the selection of a destination alternate aerodrome(s) and shall be planned in accordance Trip Fuel plus Contingency Fuel of 5%.
8.10 Methods for Establishing of Aerodrome Operating Minima
8.10.1 Non-Precision Approach Landing Minima
8.10.1.1 Visual Reference
No pilot may continue an approach below MDA )MDH( unless at least one of the following visual references
for the intended runway is distinctly visible to and identifiable by the pilot:
Elements of the Approach Lights System;
Threshold;
Threshold marking;
Threshold lights;
Threshold identification lights;
9
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
Visual glide slope indicator;
Touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings;
Touchdown zone lights;
Runway edge lights;
Other visual reference accepted by the authority.
8.10.1.2 System Minima
The minimum descent height shall not be lower than the obstacle clearance height )OCH( or the obstacle
clearance altitude )OCA( for the category of Aircraft or the applicable system whichever is higher. See
table below.
Facilities Lowest DH / MDH (ft)
Instrument Landing System )ILS( 200
Global navigation satellite system )GNSS(/Satellite-based augmentation
system )SBAS( )Lateral precision with vertical guidance approach )LPV(( 200
GSS )Lateral Navigation )LNAV(( 250
Localiser )LOC( with or without distance measuring equipment )DME(
250
SRA )terminating at 1/2 NM( 250 ft
SRA )terminating at 1 NM( 300 ft
SRA )terminating at 2 NM( 350 ft
VHF omnidirectional radio range )VOR( 300 ft
VOR/DME 250 ft
Non-directional beacon )NDB( 300 ft
NDB / DME 300 ft
VHF Direction Finder )VDF( 350
8.10.1.3 Required RVR
The required RVR values depend upon:
1. The published applicable MDH and
2. The ground facilities, either full facility, intermediate or basic facilities )depending upon the length of
the approach lighting system(.
The touch-down zone RVR is always controlling. If reported and relevant, the mid-point and stopped RVR
are also controlling. The minimum RVR value for mid-point is 125 m or the RVR required for touch-down
10
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
zone if less, and 75 m for the stop-end. “Relevant" means that part of the runway used during the high
speed phase of the landing down to a speed of approximately 60 knots.
RVR for CAT I
Facilities Full Intermediate Basic
Nil
Approach
Lights
Runway Markings Yes Yes Yes Yes
Approach Lights ≥ 720 m
HI/MI
719 to 420
HI/MI
≤ 419 m
HI/MI
X
Runway Edge Lights Yes Yes Yes Yes *
Threshold Lights Yes Yes Yes Yes *
Runway End Lights Yes Yes Yes Yes *
CAT RVR (in 00's of meters)
MDH (ft) A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
250 - 299 8 8 8 12 10 11 12 14 12 13 14 16 15 15 16 18
300 - 449 9 10 10 14 12 13 14 16 13 14 16 18 15 15 18 20
450 - 649 10 12 12 16 14 15 16 18 15 15 18 20 15 15 20 20
650 and
above 12 14 14 18 15 15 18 20 15 15 20 20 15 15 20 20
Note: Lights must be serviceable and "ON" if required
* Or: no lights at all for daytime operation only
8.10.1.4 Additional requirements
)1( A maximum glide slope angle of 4° must not be exceeded unless specially authorized by the
competent authority and when an ACA is provided )aircraft needs to be certified for steep approach(.
)2( Above figures may either be reported RVR's or meters. Visibility converted to RVR.
)3( For night operations at least runway edge, threshold and runway end lights must be on.
8.11 CAT I Landing Minima
8.11.1 Definition
A CAT I operation is a precision Instrument approach and landing using ILS/MLS or ACAR with a decision
height not lower than 200 ft and with an RVR of not less than 550m.
Visual Reference-no pilot may continue an approach below the CAT I decision height, unless at least one of
the following visual references for the intended runway is distinctly visible and Identifiable to the pilot:
11
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
Elements of the approach light system
The threshold
The threshold markings
The threshold lights
Threshold Identification lights
The Visual glide slope indicator
The touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings
The touchdown zone lights
The runway edge lights
8.11.2 Required RVR
The touch-down zone RVR is always controlling. If reported and relevant, the mid-point and stop end RVR
is also controlling. The minimum RVR value for mid-point is 125 m or the RVR required for touch-down zone
if less, and 75 m for the stop-end. “Relevant" means that part of the runway used during the high speed
phase of the landing down to a speed of approximately 60 knots.
RVR for CAT I
Facilities Full Intermediate Basic
Nil
Approach
Lights
Runway Markings
Approach Lights ≥ 720 m
HI/MI
719 to 420
HI/MI
≤ 419 m
HI/MI
Runway Edge Lights *
Threshold Lights *
Runway End Lights *
DH (ft) RVR (meters)
200 550 700 800 1000
201 – 250 600 700 800 1000
251 – 300 650 800 900 1200
300 and above 800 900 1000 1200
Note: Lights must be serviceable and "ON" if required
* Or: no lights at all for daytime operation only
Note: For night operations at least runway edge, threshold and runway end lights must be "ON".
12
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
8.11.3 Additional Requirements
(1) A maximum glide slope angle of 4° must not be exceeded unless specially authorized by the
certificating Authority )aircraft needs to be certified or approved for a steeper approach(.
(2) Above figures may either be reported RVR's or meteorological visibilities converted to RVR.
8.12 CAT II Landing Minima (ACA not authorzed CAT II)
8.12.1 Definition
A CAT II operation is a precision Instrument approach and landing using ILS/MLS with a decision height
below 200ft but not lower than 100 ft and with an RVR not less than 300 m.
Visual reference - a pilot may not continue an approach below the Category II decision height unless visual
reference containing a segment of at least 3 consecutive lights being the centerline of the approach lights, or
touchdown zone lights, or runway Centerline lights, or runway edge lights, or a combination of these is
attained and can be maintained. This visual reference must include a lateral element of the ground pattern,
i.e. an approach lighting crossbar or the landing threshold or a barrette of the touchdown zone lighting.
8.12.2 Required RVR
The touchdown zone RVR is always controlling. If reported and relevant, the mid-point and stop end RVR is
also controlling. The minimum RVR value for mid-point is 125 m or the RVR required for touchdown zone if
less, and 75 m for the stop-end. “Relevant" means that part of the runway used during the high speed phase
of the landing down to a speed of approximately 60 knots.
RVR for CAT II
*Auto-coupled to DH
DH (t) Cat. A, B and C Cat. D
100 - 120 ft 300 m 300 m
121 - 140 ft 400 m 400 m
141 ft and above 450 m 450 m
* The reference to 'auto-coupled to below DH in this
table means continued use of the automatic flight control system down to a height which is not
greater than 80% of the applicable DH.
13
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART A
AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
CHAPTER: 8
PAGE: ISSUE:1
REVISION: ORIGINAL
DATE: 27/02/2018
Visibility/RVR Conversion )only landing case only(
The following table may be used to convert reported meteorological visibilities into RVR values.
RVR = Reported MET Vis multiplied by
Lighting in Operation Day Night
HI approach + runway lighting 1.5 2.0
Any type of lighting installation other than the above 1.0 1.5
No lighting 1.0 -
• Note: This table must not be used for calculating take-off-minima, CAT II/III minima or when a
reported RVR is available.
8.12.3 CAT II Aerodrome Operating Minima for Pilot-in-Commands with Insufficient Experience on
Type
A Pilot-in-Command with less than 100 hours or 40 sectors as PIC on the aircraft type must add to CAT II
an increment of 100m, unless he has been previously qualified for CAT II operations with another CAAT
authority operator.
These procedures/instructions are applicable for flight release.
8.13 Equipment Deterioration
If an aircraft system or aerodrome systems failure necessitates a reversion to a degraded approach
category the approach may not commence, or continue if already below 1,000 FT AAL or equivalent
position, unless the RVR’s reported are at or above the minima for the degraded approach category.
8.13.1 Effect on Landing Minima of Temporarily Failed or Downgraded Equipment
• Note: Refer to the most current Jeppesen Airway Manual for "Effect on Landing Minima of
Temporarily Failed or Downgraded Equipment" information.
If failure of ground equipment, other than the primary approach aid in use, occurs after passing the FAF,
the approach may be continued at Pilot-in-Command's discretion. If failures are known before this stage,
the effect on the approach must be considered and the approach may need to be abandoned and a missed
approach executed.