Chapter 8

Interior Wiring and Lighting Topics

1.0.0 Introduction

2.0.0 Electrical Safety

3.0.0 Fire Safety

4.0.0 Lockout/Tagout Procedures

5.0.0 National Electrical Code

6.0.0 Balance Electrical Loads

7.0.0 Service Entrance Systems

8.0.0 Interior Wiring Systems

9.0.0 Interior Systems Below Grade

10.0.0 Interior Systems Above Grade

11.0.0 Installation of Non-Metallic Cable

12.0.0 Conduit Systems

13.0.0 Conduit Supports and Installation Methods

14.0.0 Distribution Panels

15.0.0 Hazardous Locations

16.0.0 Electrical Test Equipment

17.0.0 Testing Electrical Circuits

18.0.0 Troubleshooting and Repair of Interior Wiring Systems

19.0.0 Soldering and Splicing Procedures

20.0.0 Lighting

21.0.0 Troubleshooting Lamps

22.0.0 Maintenance of Lighting Systems

23.0.0 Scaffolding

NAVEDTRA 14026A 8-1

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Overview As a Construction Electrician you will be challenged not only with the task of installing interior wiring in new structures, but also rewiring or repairing existing structures. In this chapter you will become familiar with the various code and specification requirements for completing the tasks properly and safely. You will be presented with various techniques for installing, repairing, and maintaining interior wiring systems. Throughout this chapter pay particular attention to the various warning and caution notes. Safety of yourself and your crew is paramount while working with interior wiring.

Objectives When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to do the following:

1. Describe electrical and fire safety precautions 2. Describe the lockout and tagout procedures associated with interior wiring 3. Describe the contents and use of the National Electrical Code manual 4. Describe the procedures for balancing different electrical loads 5. Describe the service entrances 6. Describe the different types of interior wiring systems 7. Describe below grade interior wiring systems 8. Describe above grade interior wiring systems 9. Describe the different types of conduit systems 10. Describe the installation methods of conduit support equipment 11. Describe the different types of distribution panels 12. Describe the different procedures for pulling conductors 13. Identify hazardous locations associated with interior wiring systems 14. Describe the different types of electrical devices utilized with interior wiring 15. Describe the usage of electrical test equipment 16. Describe the testing procedures utilized with electrical circuits 17. Describe troubleshooting and repair methods of interior wiring systems 18. Describe the different types of lighting systems 19. Describe the troubleshooting and maintenance of lighting systems 20. Identify the different types of scaffolding

Prerequisites None This course map shows all of the chapters in Construction Electrician Basic. The suggested training order begins at the bottom and proceeds up. Skill levels increase as you advance on the course map.

NAVEDTRA 14026A 8-2

Test Equipment, Motors, and Controllers

C E

Communications and Lighting Systems

Interior Wiring and Lighting

Power Distribution

Power Generation

Basic Line Construction/Maintenance Vehicle Operations and Maintenance

B A

Pole Climbing and Rescue S

Drawings and Specifications I

Construction Support C

Basic Electrical Theory and Mathematics

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1.0.0 INTRODUCTION At any Navy or advanced base, the electrical system consists of three parts: the power plant that supplies the electrical power, the distribution system that carries the electrical current from the generating station to the various buildings, and the interior wiring systems that feed the electrical power to the appliances and equipment within a building. As defined here, interior wiring begins at the point where the distribution systems service leads are connected to the wiring from within the building and extends through each circuit of the interior wiring of the building to the last fixture installation. In this chapter, we will discuss your responsibilities in meeting various code and specification requirements and a variety of techniques for installing, repairing, and maintaining interior wiring systems.

2.0.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Safety for the electrician is far more complicated today than it was 20 years ago. But with proper use of todays safeguards and safety practices, working on electrical equipment can be safe. Electricity must be respected. With common sense and safe work practices, you can accomplish electrical work safely. An electrician must know and be able to apply the principles of electricity safely. If you disregard your own safety, you also disregard the safety of your fellow workers. Remember that the time to prevent an accident is before it happens. Respect for electricity comes from understanding electricity. Whenever in doubt, always ask your supervisor. Report any unsafe condition, unsafe equipment, or unsafe work-practices to your supervisor as soon as possible.

2.1.0 Fuses Before removing any fuse from a circuit, be sure the switch for that circuit is open or disconnected. When removing fuses, use an appropriate type of fuse puller and break contact on the hot side of the circuit first. When replacing fuses, install the fuse first into the load side of the fuse clip, then into the line side.

2.2.0 Electrical Shock Electrical shock occurs when a person comes in contact with two conductors of a circuit or when his or her body becomes part of the electrical circuit. In either case, a severe shock can cause the heart and lungs to stop functioning. Also, because of the heat produced by current flow, severe burns may occur where the current enters and exits the body. Prevention is the best medicine for electrical shock. Respect all voltages and follow safe work procedures. Do not take chances. CEs, with the exception of very few personnel with special training, are not qualified to work on live circuits.

2.3.0 Portable Electric Tools When using portable electric tools, always make sure they are in safe operating condition. Make sure there is a third wire on the plug for grounding in case of shorts. Theoretically, if electric power tools are grounded and if art insulation breakdown occurs, the fault current should flow through the third wire to ground instead of through

NAVEDTRA 14026A 8-4

the operators body to ground. Always use a ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI) with portable electric tools. New power tools are double insulated, reducing the need for a ground prong; but for safety reasons, they still should be used with a GFCI.

2.4.0 Out-of-Service Protection Before performing any repair on a piece of electrical equipment, be absolutely certain the source of electricity is open and tagged or locked out of service. Whenever you leave your job for any reason or cannot complete the job the same day, be sure the source of electricity is still open or disconnected when you return to continue the work. Seabees have died because they did not follow proper tag and lockout procedures. These procedures are a must. Following them takes time, but your life is worth doing it.

2.5.0 Safety Color Codes Federal law (OSHA) has established specific colors to designate certain cautions and dangers. Table 8-1 shows the accepted usage. Study these colors and become familiar with all of them.

Table 8-1 OSHA safety color codes.

OSHA SAFETY COLOR CODES

Red Fire protection equipment and apparatus; portable containers of flammable liquids; emergency stop buttons; switches

Yellow Caution and for marking physical hazards, waste containers for explosive or combustible materials; caution against starting, using, or moving equipment under repair; identification of the starting point or power source of machinery

Orange Dangerous parts of machines; safety start buttons; the exposed parts (edges) of pulleys, gears, rollers, cutting devices, and power jaws

Purple Radiation hazards

Green Safety; location of first aid equipment (other than fire fighting equipment)

2.6.0 Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment As a crew leader, you must be familiar