Chapter 8 - Governments: Participation in the International Community
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Transcript of Chapter 8 - Governments: Participation in the International Community
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Chapter 8 - Governments: Participation in the International Community
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The United Nations• Founded in 1945 by the victors of WWII• As a treaty signed by all members, the UN
Charter is a legally binding document
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Basic Aims of the UN
• Keeping world peace• Developing friendly relations among nations• Working to eliminate poverty, disease, and
illiteracy• Encouraging respect for human rights and
freedoms• Stopping environmental destruction
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Principal Organs of the UN
1. The General Assembly
• The UN’s central body, comprising all 192 member states
• Each member state has 1 vote
• Decisions aren’t legally binding
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2. The Security Council• Most powerful body of
the UN, has 15 members charged with maintaining international peace and security
• 5 permanent veto-wielding members
• 10 elected non-permanent members
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3. The Secretariat• The UN bureaucracy• Comprised of 8,900
civil servants from 170 countries
• Headed by secretary general who is appointed by the Assembly for a 5 year renewable term
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4. The Economic and Social Council
• Coordinates the economic and social work of the UN – poverty, development, human rights, social issues
• Collaborates among nations through education, science, culture, and communication (UNICEF; UNESCO)
• Collaborates with NGOs on many issues
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5. The International Court of Justice
• Also known as the World Court• Established to provide a judicial alternative to
diplomacy and war in settling disputes• States that consent to its jurisdiction are bound by its
judgements, which are final• Hears cases on territory and sovereignty disputes,
also gives opinions on human rights, UN membership• Also gives advisory legal opinions on questions
referred to it by international bodies
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• Proclaimed December 2, 1948
• Quickly became the international standard of the inalienable rights of all people
• Is not legally binding, but it sets aspirational standards for all nations and applies moral and diplomatic pressure
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• Key individual rights are:– right to life, liberty and security of the person– Right to education– Right to participate in cultural life
• Key individual freedoms are– Freedom of thought, conscience and religion– Freedom from torture or cruel, inhumane treatment
or punishment