Chapter 8. Geography of Africa Kingdom of Axum [300-700]
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Transcript of Chapter 8. Geography of Africa Kingdom of Axum [300-700]
Chapter 8
Geography of Africa
Kingdom of Axum [300-700]
Stele, Ezana’s Royal Tomb,Aksum (4c)
AXUM’SACHIEVEMENTS
AXUM’SACHIEVEMENTS
Controlled NE African
Trade
Controlled NE African
Trade
WrittenLanguageWritten
Language
Spread Christianityin No. & E.
Africa
Spread Christianityin No. & E.
Africa
TerraceFarmingTerraceFarming
BuiltStelaeBuilt
Stelae
Berbers
GOLDGOLD
SALTSALT
Gold-Salt Trade
Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”
Timbuktu
Major trading hub Gold, slaves, and salt
Center of Islamic learning ~13th century 150 Islamic schools Cosmopolitan community
Religious and ethnic toleration common
Ancient Ghana
First known kingdom in the western Sudan Founded between fourth and eight centuries
CE Warfare and iron weapons created an empire
Commerce Camel caravans Imported silk, cotton, glass beads, horses,
mirrors, dates, and salt Exported pepper, slaves, and gold mined in
another region and taxed passing through
Empire of Mali, 1230-1468 Larger than Ghana
Greater rainfall More crops
Sundiata [1210-1260]
“Lion Prince”
Mansa Musa [r. 1312-1337]
European Map
Empire of Songhai, 1461-1591 The last and largest of the Sudanese
empires Sunni Ali
Reigned 1464-1492 Conquered people paid tribute Generally ran their own affairs
Benin Empire [15c-19c]
Benin
Small powerful kingdoms Benin
Little influenced by Islam or Christianity Trading center
Gold, peppers, ivory, and slaves By 17th century dependent on slave
trade
BantuMigration
s:
1000 BCE
To
500 CE
Swahili States
Built around trade with India and East Asia
Travels of Ibn Battuta
African Trade Routes
Arab Dow off the coast of Zanzibar