Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were...
-
Upload
gwendolyn-rogers -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
2
Transcript of Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were...
![Page 1: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8Earth Systems and Resources
![Page 2: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Creation of the Earth
• Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed
![Page 3: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Core - the innermost zone of the planet made of nickel and iron
• Mantle - above the core, contains magma
• Crust - the outermost layer of the planet
The Earth’s Layers
![Page 4: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Asthenosphere - the outer part of the mantle, composed of semi-molten rock
• Lithosphere - the brittle outermost layer of the planet that is approximately 100 km thick
The Earth’s Layers
![Page 5: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
![Page 6: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• The Earth is very hot at the center (7,000 – 12,000⁰F)
• Plumes of hot magma move upward from the mantle (convection currents)
• Hotspots - places where molten material from the mantle reach the lithosphere
Convection and Hot Spots
![Page 7: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Creation of the Earth
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDqskltCixA
![Page 8: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Plate tectonics - Earth’s lithosphere is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion
Theory of Plate Tectonics
![Page 9: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
“Look at a globe and what you are seeing really is a snapshot of the continents as they have been for just one-tenth of 1 percent of the Earth’s history.”
- Bill Bryson
Theory of Plate Tectonics
![Page 10: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Volcanoes - as a plate moves over a hot spot, rising magma forms a volcano
Consequences of Plate Movement
![Page 12: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Divergent plate boundaries - when plates move apart from one another
• Convergent plate boundaries - when plates move toward one another and collide
• Transform fault boundaries - when plates move sideways past each other
Types of Plate Contact
![Page 13: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=ryrXAGY1dmE&NR=1
Plate Tectonics
![Page 14: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Faults - a fracture in rock across which there is movement
• Earthquakes - occur when the rocks of the lithosphere rupture unexpectedly along a fault
Faults and Earthquakes
![Page 15: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Fault zone - large area of rock where movement has occurred
• Epicenter - the exact point on the surface of Earth directly above the location where the rock ruptures
• Richter scale - a measure of the largest ground movement that occurs during an earthquake – The scale is logarithmic – An earthquake of 7 is 10 times greater
than an earthquake of 6
Faults and Earthquakes
![Page 16: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
•http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/
Earthquakes
![Page 17: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Rock cycle - the constant formation and destruction of rock
The Rock Cycle
![Page 18: Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources. Creation of the Earth Earth’s resources are finite and were determined when the planet formed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649f1c5503460f94c3334e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Igneous rocks - rocks that form directly from cooled magma
• Intrusive igneous - form from within Earth as magma cools• Extrusive igneous - from when magma cools above Earth (ex: a
volcano that ejects magma)
• Sedimentary rocks - form when sediment such as mud, sand, or gravel are compressed by overlying sediments
• Metamorphic rocks - form when sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures
The Rock Cycle