Chapter 8Cell division

Mitosis/MeiosisReview

This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________

centromere

The phase of the cell cyclein which cells stop dividing all together.

G0

Cell division in bacteria cells is called

_______________________ Binary fission

Phase of the cell cycle in whichDNA is copied

S (synthesis)

This organized pictureof an individual’s chromosomes is calleda _______________

karyotype

This person is a _____________.

male female

female (has XX)

The proteins that help wrap up the DNA into chromosomes are ______________________

histones

Phase of the cell cycleIn which the nuclear membrane is presentand DNA is spread out into chromatin. interphase

This red area on thecentromere where thespindle fibers attach iscalled the

___________________kinetochore

List the phases of mitosis in orderstarting with prophase.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Phase of mitosis that followsanaphase

telophase

Phase of the cell cycle that follows G2

Mitosis (prophase)

This network of fibersthat attach and pullthe chromosomesapart is called the

mitotic ______________spindle

This cell is in__________________prophase

Humans have ______ chromosomes.46

(23 pairs)

Type of cell division in eukaryoticcells that results in 2 identical daughter cells.

mitosis

Reproduction in whichoffspring come fromthe DNA of just one parent is

called _____________ reproductionasexual

The dark colored spot near the nucleus that contains the centrioles when the cell is not dividing is the______________centrosome

The 2 chromosomes that determinethe sex of an individual are called__________________________Sex chromosomes

G1, S, and G2 make up this phaseof the cell cycle.

Interphase

Sperm and eggs are __________ cells.

haploid diploid

haploid

This person is a_______________

male female

Male (has XY)

Proteins that control the turning

on and off of specific regions of DNA Non-histones

One of 2 identical armsthat make up a chromosome

chromatid

A cell that contains two copies ofeach chromosome is said to be

__________________diploid

Humans have 2 sex chromosomesand 44 _______________.autosomes

The place in the cell membrane of an animal cell that pinches in during cytokinesis is called a

____________________cleavage furrow

Plant cells can’t pinch to divide, instead they form a _______________to divide.

cell plate

This phase of thecell cycle is______________anaphase

Cell which contains only 1 copy ofeach of the chromosomes

haploid

This phase of the

cell cycle is

________________metaphase

Phase of the cell cycle cells spendmost of their time in.

Interphase (G1)

Part of interphase in which thecell grows to mature size and carries out its job.

G1

Type of eukaryotic cell divisionwhich produces cells with ½ thenumber of chromosomes as the original cell. meiosis

Phase of mitosis that followsprophase

metaphase

Phase of the cell cycle that follows S

G2

DNA that is all spread out inan interphase nucleus is called________________chromatin

Phase of mitosis in which thenuclear membrane and nucleolusdisappear and the DNA scrunches into chromosomes.

prophase

In this part of interphase cellsmake the molecules and organellesneeded for cell division

G2

The 2 copies of each chromosomeare called ______________ chromosomes because are the same size,same shape, and carry genes for thesame traits.

homologous

These structuresat the poles whichattach to the spindle fibers and pull the chromosomes. centrioles

A karyotype can tell us ____________ The sex of the organism AND if they have missing/extra chromosomes

When chromatin scrunches together it is called a _________________chromosome

If the body cells of an organismhave 24 chromosomes, how manywould be in a sperm or egg cell?

12; Sperm and eggs have ½ the number of chromosomes as body cells

True OR FalseThis organismis a human.False; only 40 chromosomes Humans have 46

Phase of mitosis in which chromsomesline up in the middle of the cell.

metaphase

Mitosis or Meiosis?

Used by organisms to grow in size

Makes 4 haploid cells

Crossing over happens

Used to make gametes

Makes identical 2n cells

Used to repair injuries or replace worn out cells

Mitosis

Meiosis

Meiosis

Meiosis

Mitosis

Mitosis

This phase iscalled _______________interphase

Dark spots next to thenucleus that contain the centrioles.

centrosomes

Phase of mitosis that followsmetaphase

anaphase

Phase of the cell cycle that follows G1

S

This cell is in___________anaphase

Phase of cell division in whichthe nuclear membrane returns andchromosomes spread out into chromatin. telophase

This cell is in__________telophase

The cell above is a _________ cell.

animal plant

PlantYou can see the cell plate forming in center insteadof a cleavage furrow.

The person in this karyotype has anextra number #21 chromosome. She has ________ syndrome.Down’s

Reproduction in which offspring come from the DNA of 2 parents is called ____________

reproduction.sexual

Phase of the cell cycle in which cellsstop dividing all together

G0

Phase of mitosis in whichseparate and move to oppositeends of the cell.

anaphase

The very first dividing phase is_______________prophase

Type of cell division shown at the left

mitosis meiosis

meiosis

How can you tell?Homologous pairs line up, crossing over happens; end up with 4 cells that have ½ the chromosome number you started with

This is called a ______________Cleavage furrow

This cell is _____________ cell.

an animal a plant

an animalPlants don’t have cleavage furrows.

Phase of meiosis where crossing over happens

PROPHASE I

Type of cell division used to makegametes

meiosis

Phase of the cell cycle where cells spend most of their time. They grow bigger and they do their jobas body cells.

G1

List the phases of mitosis in orderstarting with interphase

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Name the two ways genetic recombination happens during meiosis

Crossing over & independent assortment

How is INTERPHASE II differentfrom INTERPHASE I?

DNA is NOT copied during interphase II and it is in interphase I

The exchange of genetic material between chromatid arms of homologous chromosomes is called _______________

Crossing over

The group of 4 chromatid arms above is called a ___________tetrad

Tell 2 ways mitosis and meiosis are different

MITOSIS MEIOSISMakes 2 diploid (2n) cells Makes 4 haploid (1n) cellsDivides once Divides twice/copies DNA onceMakes body cells Makes gametes (sperm/eggs)Makes cells identical to parent Makes cells with ½ the number

of chromosomes of parentNo genetic recombination Crossing over/independent assortment allow for genetic recombinationUsed to grow in size, Used to make reproductive repair injuries, cells replace worn out cellsNo synapsis of homologous pairs Homologous pairs line up together

THE END

The chromosomes that DO NOT

determine the organism’s sex are

called _________________autosomes

Type of cell division in whichgenetic recombination can happen.

meiosis

Phase of the cell cycle after S phasein which cells make the moleculesand organelles needed for cell division. G2

Humans have ? Chromosomes.

46 (23 pairs)