CHAPTER 8

ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS

ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS

C

hapter 8 emphasizes those areas of anatomy most

concerned with the embalming process.

C

hapter 8 is going to tell us about our vessel selection options.

C

hapter 9 is closely related in that we will learn the process in

selecting the vessels we will be using. So learn chapter 8 well.

ANATOMICAL POSITION DEFINED

T

he subject is standing erect, the arms are at

the sides with the palms of the hands

facing the observer, the feet are together

and the subject is facing the observer.

DEFINITIONS

A

natomical Guide- A method of locating a structure, such as

an artery or vein, by referencing to an adjacent known or

prominent structure.

L

inear Guide- A line is drawn or visualized on the surface

of the skin to represent the approximate location of

some deeper lying structure.

DEFINITIONS

A

natomical Limit- The point of origin and point of

termination of a structure in relation to adjacent

structures.

R

emember that blood in the veins flows in the direction

opposite of blood in the arteries to the anatomical limit

and the linear guide for the veins would be the opposite

of their respective arteries.

SURFACE FEATURES OF THE NECK

Y

ou should be able to locate the following:• Clavicle• Mandible• Angle of the Jaw• Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone• Hyoid Bone• Sternum• Sernoclavicular Articulation• Suprasternal Notch• Thyroid Cartilage of the larynx

SURFACE FEATURES OF THE NECK

S

ternocleidomastoid muscle

I

f you don’t know where these features are located you can

reference your Anatomy and Physiology textbook for a review.

A

nd you all thought that Anatomy and Physiology was useless?

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE INCLUDES

Hyoid Bone

Thyroid Cartilage

Cricoid Cartilage

The sheath that

covers all of

this is called the

platysma.

COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

L

inear Guide- From the sternoclavicular articulation

to the anterior surface of the base of the ear lobe.

A

natomical Guide- The right and left common carotid

arteries are located posterior to the medial

border of the SCM Muscle.

COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

A

natomical Limit- It beings at the level of the right

sternoclavicular articulation and ends at the superior

border of the thyroid cartilage.

O

rigins- The right common carotid is a terminal branch of

the brachiocephalic artery. The left is a branch off

the aorta.

COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

B

ranches- there are no branches of the right or left

common carotid, except the terminal bifurcation into

the right and left internal and external carotid arteries.

T

he internal jugular vein lies lateral and superficial to the

common carotid artery.

THE AXILLARY ARTERY

L

inear Guide- Through the center of the base of the

axillary space to a point over or through the center of

the lateral border of the base of the axillary space.

A

natomical Guide- it is just behind the medial border of

the corcobrachalias muscle.

THE AXILLARY ARTERY

A

natomical limit- from a point beginning at the lateral border of

the first rib and ends at the inferior border of the tendon of

the teres major muscle.

O

rigin- It is a continuation of the subclavian artery.

T

he axillary artery is located lateral and deep to the axillary

vein.

BRACHIAL ARTERY

L

inear Guide- From the center of the lateral border of the

base of the axillary space to a point approximately 1

inch below and in front of the elbow joint

A

natomical Guide- Lies in the bicipital groove at the

posterior margin of the medial border of the belly of the

biceps brachii muscle.

BRACHIAL ARTERY

A

natomical Limit- Begins at the inferior border of the tendon of the

teres major muscle and ends at a point inferior to the antecubital

fossa.

O

rigin- It is a continuation of the axillary artery.

T

he accompanying basilic vein is located medial and superficial to

the brachial artery.

RADIAL ARTERY

L

inear Guide- from the center of the antecubital fossa

to the center of the base of the index finger.

A

natomical Guide- Lies just lateral to the tendon of

the flexor carpiradialis muscle and just medial to

the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle.

RADIAL ARTERY

A

natomical Limit- from a point approximately 1 inch below

and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over

the base of the thumb.

O

rigin- Originates at the bifurcation of the brachial artery.

T

wo small veins lie on both sides of the artery.

ULNAR ARTERY

L

inear Guide- The center of the antecubial fossa on the

forearm to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers.

A

natomical Guide- Just lateral to the tendon of the flexor

carpi ulnaris muscle.

A

natomical Limit- From a point approximately 1 inch

below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point

over the pisiform bone.

ULNAR ARTERY

O

rigin- originates at the bifurcation of the

brachial artery.

T

wo small veins lie on either side.

EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND VEIN

I

t is a continuation of the common iliac artery.

I

t extends to a point under the center of the inguinal ligament.

T

he artery lies exactly at this ligament lateral to the external iliac

vein.

T

his artery is used to embalm the lower extremities of an autopsied body.

INGUINAL REGION

T

he inguinal region is an area below the inguinal

ligament in which the femoral vessels are

found.

FEMORAL TRIANGLE

T

he inguinal ligament is the base and the sides

are the medial border of the sartorius

muscle and the lateral border of the

adductor longus muscle.

THE FEMORAL ARTERY

L

inear Guide- On the thigh from the center of the inguinal

ligament to the center of the medial prominence of the

knee.

A

natomical Guide- passes through the center of the femoral

triangle and is bound laterally by the medical border of

the sartorius muscle and medially by the adductor longus

muscle.

THE FEMORAL ARTERY

A

natomical Limit- From a point bend the center of the

inguinal ligament o the opening in the adductor magnus

muscle.

O

rigin- it is a continuation of the external iliac artery.

T

he vein is superficial to the femoral vein.

THE POPLITEAL ARTERY

L

inear Guide- Center of the superior border of the popliteal

space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity to

the center of the inferior border of the popliteal space.

A

natomical Limit- From a point beginning a the opening of

the adductor magnus muscle to the lower border of

the popliteus muscle.

THE POPLITEAL ARTERY

O

rigin- it is a continuation of the femoral artery.

T

he vein lies posterior and medial to the artery.

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES

L

inear Guide- The anterior is from the lateral

border of the patella to the anterior surface of the

ankle joint. The Posterior is from the center of

the popliteal space to a point mid-way between

the posterior border of the tibia and the

calcaneus tendon.

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES

A

natomical Guide- The anterior is in a groove

between the tibialis anterior muscle and the

tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.

The posterior is between the posterior border

of the tibia and the calcaneus tendon.

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES

A

natomical Limit- The anterior starts at the beginning of

the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to a point in

from of the middle of the ankle joint. The posterior starts

from a point beginning at the inferior border of the

popliteus muscle to a point over and between the medial

malleolus and the calcaneus of the respective foot.

DORSALIS PEDIS

L

inear Guide- from the center of the anterior

surface of the ankle joint to a point between

the first and second toes.