Chapter 8
description
Transcript of Chapter 8
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Chapter 8
C - spine
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Spinal Curvatures
• Normal curvatures– _______________– _______________
• Abnormal curvatures– _______ exaggerated concavity (Swayback)– _______exaggerated convexity (Humpback)– _______ exaggerated lateral curvature
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Vertebral Anatomy
• ___________ – Thick rounded area.
• ___________– Posterior arch of bony projections
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Axial View• ______________
– Opening for spinal cord
• ____________– Posterior protrusions from body
• ___________– Posterior portion of arch off of pedicle meets
midline
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Axial View
• ______________– Lateral projections
• _____________– Most posterior protrusions midline
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Lateral View
• Body – Thick _________ portion
• Pedicle – __________ to body
• Laminae – _________ to transverse process/pedicle
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Lateral View• Transverse Process
– Termination of ___________
• Spinous process – Posterior termination __________
• _________________articular process – Superior and inferior projections
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Vertebral Joints• _______________ (Apophyseal, Facet)
– Superior and inferior articular process
• ______________– Area of disks.
• Disks - ______________(outer borders). - ______________(Inner material).
• HNP
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Intervertebral Foramina
• Hole formed by ________________– Superior and Inferior ____________
• Space for _______________vessels to pass
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C-spine Variations• __________________
– Hole in transverse process for vertebral artery/veins/nerves
• ___________ spinous process – Split spinous process on ________
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C-spine Variations• Zygapophyseal joints
- __________seen on lat. ____ seen on _____
• Articular pillars– Lateral Masses
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C-spine Intervertebral foramina
• _______angle from mid sagittal
• _________ inferior angle
• Important to know for __________ imaging
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C1
• __________
• Skull rests on ____________Facets– Atlantooccipital articulation
• _________ arch with tubercle
• _________ arch with tubercle
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C2
• __________
• ____________(Dens)– Resting posterior to the anterior arch of C1
• Pivot for rotating head
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Imaging the C-Spine
Routine• AP 40”SID• AP Open Mouth 40” SID• Lt Lateral 60-72”SID• RPO/RAO 60-72” SID• LPO/LAO 60-72”SID• 75-80 kV
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AP C-Spine
• Supine or Erect• Slightly __________• ________________angle• CR mid-sagittal• Level of thyroid cartilage ________• C3-7 seen well• Collimate to _________
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AP Open Mouth• For ______________view
• Have pt __________
• Align top ___________surface is in line with _____________
• CR through mouth
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Open Mouth• Collimate to outer edges of mouth
• Shows ________________of ____
• Dens
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RPO/LPO• Place pt in ___________
• Angle tube ___________
• CR to the level of C4
• Shows intervertebral foramina _____________ from IR
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RAO/LAO• Pt in __________
• ____________angle
• CR to the level of C4
• Shows intervertebral foramina __________
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Lateral C-Spine
• Erect or X-table• SID ___________• _________ shoulders with pt straight• Slightly extend chin• CR to thyroid cartilage (C4-6)• Must visualize ___________
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X-Table
• If pt presents with a C-spine collar• _____________• __________________________• Collar must be __________
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Swimmers
• If ___________not on Lateral• Place pt in lateral• Arm closest to ____________head• Arm farthest from ____________• CR __________jugular notch• May put slight _________ angle if needed.