Chapter 7~the prophet muhammad
Transcript of Chapter 7~the prophet muhammad
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Chapter 7 ~ The Prophet Muhammad
Chapter 7 ~ The Prophet Muhammad
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1.1~Introduction1.1~Introduction
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1. Who built the ka’ba in Makkah? Why did this person build the
Ka’ba?
• Abraham built the Ka’ba.
• He built it to show his love for one God.
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2. Why was Makkah an important city?
• Makkah was an important city because the Ka’ba was located there.
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7.2~Arabia during
muhammad’s time
7.2~Arabia during
muhammad’s time
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1. Where was Muhammad born?
• Muhammad was born in Makkah. (Mecca)
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2. Why was Makkah thought as a trading center as well as a religious
center?
• Makkah was a trade center because it had many trade routes that went through the city.
• Makkah was a religious center because the Ka’ba was located there.
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3. Even though arabs lived in arabia did not have a unified government, what was the one thing that they all had in common? How did this one thing
help Makkah as a trading center?
• Arabs living in Arabia shared cultural ties, especially their language which was Arabic.
• Speaking all of the same language was beneficial in helping Makkah as a trading center because they could all understand one another.
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7.3~Muhammad’s early life
7.3~Muhammad’s early life
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1. Birth, Orphan, trader, marriage
• Birth: Muhammad was born in Makkah.
• Orphan: Parents died when he was young. He lived with his grandfather.
• Trader: He learning how to be a trader by his grandfather.
• Marriage: He married Khadijah at the age of 25.
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7.4~The Call to Prophethood
7.4~The Call to Prophethood
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1. cave, gabriel, allah, qur’an• Cave: Muhammad went to a cave to pray.
• Gabriel: Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad in a cave and told him that he was chosen as the messenger of God.
• Allah: Arabic word for God, same God as the Christians and the Jews.
• Qur’an: All of Muhammad’s teachings are written in the Qur’an (Koran)...the holy book of Islam. It wasn’t written until after Muhammad’s death by some of his followers.
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7.5~Muhammad’s teaching meets
with rejection
7.5~Muhammad’s teaching meets
with rejection
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1. reject, followers, boycott, night journey
• Reject: Many of the people in Makkah believed in many gods so they rejected Muhammad’s preachings/teachings.
• Followers: Muhammad’s first follower was his wife. People who followed his teachings were called Muslims.
• Boycott: The leaders of Makkah boycotted or refused to do business with anyone that was a Muslim. For three years, these followers suffered from this boycott.
• Night Journey: Muhammad went on a winged horse to Jerusalem and met other prophets then went through the seven level of heaven and met God. Jerusalem is holy to Christians, Jews, and Muslims.
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7.6~From the Migration to
Madinah to the end of his life.
7.6~From the Migration to
Madinah to the end of his life.
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1. Madinah, People of the book, battles, last sermon
• Madinah: Muhammad went to Madinah (Medina) because Makkah wasn’t treating Muslims well. Madinah accepted Muhammad and it means City of the Prophet.
• People of the Book: Muslims believe in one God just like Christians and Jews.
• Battles: Muslims battled with Makkans and Muslims finally won. Muhammad smashed all of the idols in the Ka’ba to prove to people of Makkah that there was only one God.
• Last Sermon: In March 632, Muhammad made his last sermon in Makkah and died shortly after returning to Madinah.
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7.7~The four caliphs
7.7~The four caliphs
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1. Who was abu bakr?
• Abu Bakr was Muhammad’s friend and father-in-law.
• Abu Bakr became the next Muslim ruler after Muhammad died. He was known as a caliph or Muslim ruler.
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2. What is the caliphate?
• Caliphate is made up of Muslim rulers that followed Muhammad because they followed the Qur’an and the examples set forth by Muhammad.
• The Muslim government led by the caliphs was called the caliphate.
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7.8~The Umayyad dynasty
7.8~The Umayyad dynasty
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1. Who are the sunnis?
• Sunnis are people who believe that the best person for the job should be chosen by a council to become the next ruler of Islam or the next caliph.
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2. Who are the shi’ah?
• The Shi’ah (shiites) believe that ONLY people who are related to Muhammad should be the next Muslim ruler or caliph.
• Note: The Sunnis and Shi’ah still “battle” over this belief to this day.
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3. The Umayyads used the Arabic language to unify the Muslim empire.
what else did they introduce that made trading in the Muslim empire easier for
non-Arabs?
• The Umayyads introduced new Arab coins (money) that made trading easier because they all had the same money system.
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4. What was the significance of cordoba, spain and how did this help
the muslim empire?
• Cordoba, Spain became known as a learning center where Muslim, Jewish, and Christian scholars shared ideas.
• Muslim culture thrived in the arts, science, technology and literature.