Chapter 7BChapter 7BSurvey of PC and Network Operating Systems

PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsMicrosoft Windows is the most

popular◦Installed more than other OS combined;◦ Gradually loosing

its ◦ market share to ◦ other OS,◦ especially to

Apple◦ and Android

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating Systems

PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsDOS

◦Disk Operating System◦Single user single-tasking OS◦Command line interface◦16-bit OS◦Powerful◦Fast◦Supports legacy applications

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DOS ApplicationDOS Application

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsWindows NT

◦Designed for a powerful system◦32-bit OS◦Very stable◦Windows NT Workstation

Single user multi tasking OS

◦Windows NT Server Multi user multi tasking OS Network operating system

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating Systems

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Windows 9x◦95, 98, and Millennium Edition (Me)◦32-bit OS

Supported 16-bit programs well

◦Very stable OS◦Still found in large corporations◦95 introduced the Start button◦98 introduced active desktop◦Me improved multimedia software

PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsWindows 2000

◦Look of 9x with NT stability◦Optimized for office and developers◦Application software ran very well◦Entertainment software ran very

poorly

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsWindows XP

◦Microsoft’s most popular OS so far◦Different look from 2000◦Many different versions◦Primarily 32 bit, later versions came

in 64 bits◦Digital multimedia support was

enhanced◦Communications was enhanced◦Mobile computing became a priority

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsWindows 7

◦Combined features of Windows XP and Vista

◦Enhanced GUI◦32 or 64 bit versions◦Start button search◦Robust and stable

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsWindows 8

◦Microsoft’s newest OS◦32 & 64 bit◦Introduces new file system ReFS (built upon

NTFS but more secured; ensures resilience & self-repair of file system)

◦Support both x86 and ARM-based processors◦Has cloud integration and windows store◦Gives multiple monitor support◦Touch screen support◦Faster booting & shutting down

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsUNIX

◦Runs on all computer types◦32- or 64-bit◦Very stable and fast◦Command-line interface◦Has many versions:

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsLinux

◦Free or inexpensive version of UNIX◦Very stable and fast◦Most flavors are open source◦X Windows GUI

Command line interface is available

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Linux DesktopLinux Desktop

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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating SystemsMacintosh operating systems

◦OS X◦Based on FreeBSD Linux◦Very stable and easy to configure◦Only runs on Mac hardware

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OS X DesktopOS X Desktop

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NOS FeaturesNOS FeaturesNetwork operating systemFast and stableRuns on serversMulti-user and multitasking OS32- or 64-bit

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NOS FeaturesNOS FeaturesFile and print sharing

◦Users access the same files◦Hundreds of users use a printer◦Different OS can interact

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NOS FeaturesNOS FeaturesData integrity

◦Backups copies data onto tape◦RAID copies data onto other drives

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Relies on two or more hard drives May speed access to data

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NOS FeaturesNOS FeaturesData security

◦Access to data can be restricted◦Access to server resources is

controlled◦Audits can be kept

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Networking Operating Networking Operating SystemsSystemsNT Server

◦Same core as NT Workstation◦Security added◦Multi user capability added◦RAID support included

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Networking Operating Networking Operating SystemsSystemsWindows 2000 Server

◦Same technology as 2000 workstation

◦Active Directory (AD) Central database of server resources Simplifies network management

◦Distributed programs supported◦Server Standard Edition◦Advanced Server Edition◦Data Center Edition

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Active DirectoryActive Directory

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Networking Operating Networking Operating SystemsSystemsWindows 2003 Server

◦Designed to compete with UNIX◦XP like interface◦Better support for XP computers◦MS .NET framework supported◦Distributed programs are supported◦Server Standard Edition◦Data Center Edition

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Networking Operating Networking Operating SystemsSystemsWindows server 2008

◦Active directory roles Active Directory expanded with identity,

certificate and rights management services

◦Self healing NTFS Automatically fixes any file system corruptions

◦Hyper-V Virtualizes servers on an OS’s kernel layer

◦WSRM (Windows System Resource Manager) Controls amount of resources a processor can

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Networking Operating Networking Operating SystemsSystemsWindows server 2012

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Networking Operating Networking Operating SystemsSystemsUNIX for servers

◦Oldest NOS in widespread use◦Stable secure and fast◦Main OS for Internet and Web◦Large organizations depend on UNIX

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Networking Operating Networking Operating SystemsSystemsLinux for servers

◦Popular in small businesses◦Stable, fast and inexpensive◦Linux’s popularity is growing

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Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystemsDevices have EOS built inCell phones, PDAs, medical

equipmentStable and fast

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Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystemsWindows XP embedded

◦Based on Windows XP◦Customized for each device

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Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystemsWindows CE

◦Not based on a desktop OS◦Customized for each device◦PDA and cell phones◦Microsoft Automotive will run in cars

Windows mobile◦Based on CE◦Smaller form factor◦Used in mobile devices, eg, windows

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Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystems

Windows Phone 7◦Successor of windows mobile◦Improved GUI◦Developed in 2010

Windows Phone 8◦Upgraded Phone 7◦Developed in 2012

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Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystemsPalm OS

◦Standard on Palm PDA◦First PDA OS for consumers◦Can be found on cell phones

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Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystemsPocket PC

◦From Microsoft, a variant of CE◦Developed to compete with Palm◦Not customizable ◦Interacts securely with business

networks◦Can control PCs through PC

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Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystems

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Symbian◦Developed by Nokia◦Found in smart cell phones◦Games, Instant Messaging, Internet◦Full color display◦Nokia is gradually shifting towards

Windows based mobile OS

Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystemsiOS

◦From Apple, based on Mac OS X◦Multitasking; works with iPhones, iPods◦can be used as a wireless access point

Android◦From Google◦Main competitor of iOS◦Over 200,000 apps◦Open source, Linux based◦HTC, Samsung etc mobile phones

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Embedded Operating Embedded Operating SystemsSystemsSome other mobile OS include:

◦Blackberry OS -> dev by ‘Research in Motion’

◦MotoMagx -> from Motorola◦WebOS -> from Palm◦Ophone -> by Android for Chinese

local market

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