[Hal Leonard Corp.] Early Jazz Standards Jazz Pla(BookZZ.org)
Chapter 72 early jazz
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Transcript of Chapter 72 early jazz
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Chapter 72
Early Jazz
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Early Jazz
• Jazz refers to several styles of American popular music that emerged in the early 20th Century.
• It is a type of music that mixes elements from:– ragtime– blues– popular songs– dance music.
• Its roots reach back to earlier types of improvised music of African Americans.
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Characteristics of Early Jazz
• The most likely birthplace of jazz is New Orleans [the term “jazz” was applied to music played in a free manner by small dance bands.]
• These bands were subdivided into a group of instruments:
- playing melody (often cornet, clarinet, trombone) - instruments playing accompaniment ( a “rhythm
section” often made up by piano, drums, and bass).
• A distinctive feature of their music-making was group improvisation, in which all of the melody instruments created a closely knit polyphony.
• Dance music (prior to the Big Band phenomenon of the late 1920’s)– had no single identity in medium or form.
• Popular songs around 1900 were strophic compositions – in which each stanza (or verse) was ended by a refrain (called a
chorus).
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Typical Characteristics of Piano Rags
• Rag - is a march-like piano character piece– in which a syncopated melody – is joined to a rhythmically regular
accompaniment
• moderate march tempo
• duple meter
• percussive treatment of the piano
• pieces composed and played as written
• multi-thematic, multi-sectional form – with contrasting trio sections
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Typical Characteristics of Early Blues
• Blues – was originally an improvised strophic song whose stanzas (or choruses) span 12-measure phrases – and rest upon a fixed and simple harmonic
progression.
• flexible in medium (vocal or instrumental)
• swinging rhythms
• wide range of expression
• use of blue notes (the expressive lowering of a note by ½ step – especially the 3rd or 7th degree of the major scale.
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Scott Joplin, “Maple Leaf Rag,” 1899
Multithematic, multisectional form
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James P. Johnson, “Carolina Shout,” 1921
Multithematic, multisectional form
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Bessie Smith, “Lost Your Head Blues,” 1926
12-measure blues form (variational)
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King Oliver, “Dippermouth Blues,” 1923
12-measure blues form
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Louis Armstrong, “West End Blues,” 1928
12-measure blues form