CHAPTER 7. The CELL is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. CELL THEORY...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 7. The CELL is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. CELL THEORY...
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CHAPTER 7
The CELL is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
CELL THEORY states◦1. All living things are composed of cells◦2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things◦3. New cells are produced from living cells
Section 1 NOTES
1. Robert Hooke – viewed a thin slice of cork with an early compound microscope (1665)◦ Name them cells because of a monastery’s tiny
rooms.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek - observed tiny organisms in drops of pond water (1674)
The History of the Cell
3. Matthias Schleiden – Concludes that all plants are made of cells (1838)
4. Theodor Schwann – Based upon Schleiden’s work, concludes animals are living so all animals are also made up of cells (1839
History of the Cell
5. Rudolph Virchow – proposes that all cells come from existing cells completing the cell theory (1855)
6. Lynn Margulis ◦ Endosymbiont Theory – Prokaryotic organisms
(mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free living but began a symbiotic relationship with larger multi-cellular organisms. Contain their own DNA Have their own membranes Reproduce independent of cell
History of the Cell
Contain their own DNA Have their own membranes Reproduce independent of cell
Endosymbiotic Theory
What is a Light microscope?◦ Advantages/Disadvantages?
What is an Electron microscope?◦ Advantages/Disadvantages?
*** NEW TECHNOLOGY 1990s ***Scanning probe microscope – traces the surface of a sample.◦ Images of DNA, Protein molecules, and other
important biological structures
Studying the Structure and Movement of the Cell
Complete the Venn Diagram to compare the characteristics of a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Both are living things
Both are surrounded by a cell membrane
Both contain DNA
What class of organic molecules is DNA?
What is its monomer? 3 Parts?What is the function of DNA?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
1. Do not contain a nucleus 2. Smaller and simpler 3. DNA is free floating within the cell 4. Grow, reproduce, respond to environment
Some can move or swim
Example: bacteria
Prokaryotes
1. Contain a nucleus that contains DNA separate from rest of cell
2. Larger and more complex 3. Dozens of Highly specialized membranes
and structures 4. Single celled to large complex multi-
cellular organisms
Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, and algae
Eukaryotes