Chapter 7 Test Review Study Slides

8/7/2019 Chapter 7 Test Review Study Slides

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Chapter 7 Test Review


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Circadian rhythm

Biological functions that operate on anapproximately 24 hour cycle

Connected to the light and dark cycle of

time (the sun)

Changes to a 25 hour cycle when light and

dark cues are deprived


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Paradoxical sleep

REM sleep is called this because thenervous system is active, but the voluntary

muscle systems barely move


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2,400

2,700

2,600

2,500

2,800

Spring time change

(hour sleep loss)

3,600

4,200

4000

3,800

Fall time change

(hour sleep gained)

Less sleep,more accidents

More sleep,fewer accidents

Monday before time change Monday after time change

Accidentfrequency


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Why do we sleep?

Benefits1. Tissue restored

2. Energy conserved3. Growth hormone released bypituitary

gland, a pea sized structured at the base of

the brain


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Responding to insomnia

Relax Drink glass of milk before bedtime

DO NOT

Sleep later than usual

Exercise before bedtime


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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Sleep

stages Awake

Hours of sleep

REM


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Freuds theory

Manifest Contentremembered story line

Latent Contentunderlying, uncensored

meaning that is symbolicDreams are the royal road to

the unconscious mind


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Does everyone dream?

Those who have sleep disorders may notexperience dreaming

Those who claim not to dream would report

them if they were awoken during REM

sleep


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1

2

32


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13

4


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Age regression

A therapist hypnotizes a subject and bringshim or her back to an earlier experience in

their life.


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Age regression example

In 1949, Robert True regressed patients toprevious birthday experiences, using

hypnosis.

82 percent correctly remembered the day of

the week their birthday fell on

He asked them in ways that gave the subjectclues about what the correct answer was.


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Ernest Hilgards Dividedconsciousness hypnosis theory

Hidden Observer Hilgards term

describing a

hypnotized subjectsawareness of

experiences, such as

pain, that gounreported during

hypnosis

http://www.coe.uga.edu/chds/counselingpsych/echd9600projects/eminentpsychologists/hilgardmug_160.jpg


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HYPNOSIS THEORIES


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SmallLarge

Drug dose

Little

effect

Big

effect

Drugeffect

Response tofirst exposure

After repeated

exposure, moredrug is needed

to producesame effect


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Addiction=disease?

Addictions can be overcome; you dontalways need therapy

There are many more controlled users of

drugs than addicts; about 10 percent

become addicted

Viewing addiction as a disease canundermine confidence needed to fight it.


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Alcohol

Slows the brain activity Increases harmful tendencies

Low amounts relax the drinker lowering

inhibitions

Large amounts slow reaction time and

reduce skill level Impairs memory


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Drug Use: social causes

1. Feelings of meaninglessness 2. Stress

3. Failure in life

4. Culture: lower rates among Amish andAfrican Americans than whites

5. Peer culture (most powerful for teens)

6. Beliefs about what others are thought tobe doing


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Stopping/preventing drug usage

1. More likely to quit if peers stop or you leave thegroup (modify peer associations)

2. Education about long term effects

3. Inoculate from peer pressure teaching refusalstrategies

4. Improving the self esteem of those more likelyto try drugs

5. It is nearly impossible to predict whether aspecific teen will experiment with drugs


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ightsreserved.)


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Essay

Explain how each concept would relate tothe development or continuation of a

smoking habit.

1. conformity

2. cognitive dissonance

3. incentive motivation 4. physiological addiction

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