Chapter 7 Sections 3, 4, 5 Chapter 7 Sections 3, 4, 5 Napoleon Bonaparte.
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Sections 3, 4, 5 Chapter 7 Sections 3, 4, 5 Napoleon Bonaparte.
Chapter 7Sections 3, 4, 5
Chapter 7Sections 3, 4, 5
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Napoleon Napoleon BonaparteBonaparte
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Napoleon Joined the army as part of the French
Revolution
Led a troop of gunners to defend the delegates when royalists marched on the National Convention hailed as a hero of the French Republic
Led armies against Austria, Sardinia and Northern Italy.
Disrupted English trade in India by advancing France’s trade
Lost a naval battle in Egypt (but remained a hero)
Coup d’Etat 1799 - the Directory lost control of France
People urged Napoleon to take control
Napoleon and troops drove out the majority of the members of the national legislature
The rest voted to dissolve the Directory and establish 3 consuls (included Napoleon)
Napoleon soon made himself dictator
Britain, Russia and Austria joined forces to drive Napoleon from power, but signed a treaty in 1802
Napoleon Rules France 1800 - a plebiscite was held to approve a
new constitution This gave Napoleon power as 1st consul
Napoleon supported laws that would restore order to France Kept in mind the goals of the Revolution Did not want to return to the days of
Louis XVI
Napoleon’s Reforms Economic
Set up a more effective tax and banking system
Ended corruption and inefficiency in the government Dismissed corrupt officials St up lycees (gov’t run public schools)
Restored the Catholic Church Signed a concordat with the pope
France recognizes the Church’s influence, but does not give it any control
Your Opinion
Would you have supported Napoleon’s ideas? Why/why not?
Why would a country elect an emperor when they had just recently beheaded their king?
Napoleon’s Reforms
Napoleonic Code - comprehensive set of laws Went in reverse of the
Enlightenment Limited liberty, promoted order and
authority over individual rights Freedom of speech and press were
restricted Slavery reinstated in the Caribbean
Napoleon’s Empire
1804 - Napoleon declares himself Emperor of France Supported by French voters Crowned himself (meaning he was
more powerful than the Church)
Wanted to control all of Europe and reassert France’s authority in the Americas
Napoleon’s Empire
Lost territory - after a rebellion in Saint Domingue, Napoleon gave up controlling the Americas Island of Saint Domingue Louisiana Territory
Gained territory - Austrian Netherlands and Italy Controlled the government of
Switzerland
European Enemies
Britain, Russia, Austria and Sweden allied against France
Napoleon crushed the allied armies in battle after battle Forced Austria, Prussia and Russia
to sign peace treaties
* Had the largest empire since the Romans *
Battle of Trafalgar Naval battle against Britain Napoleon’s only loss
Horatio Nelson destroyed half of the French fleet Britain had naval supremacy for the
next 100 years
Napoleon had to give up plans of invading Britain Wanted to find other ways to crush the
British
French Empire Napoleon had control or influence
over almost every country in Europe
Except: Britain, Portugal, Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
French Empire was very unstable- it lasted only 5 years (1807-1812)
Napoleon’s Mistakes Continental System - a blockade to
trade and communication from Great Britain wanted to strengthen European
trade and destroy Britain’s trade and industry
The blockade wasn’t effective smugglers, allies of Napoleon,
and his family members would ignore it
Did weaken Britain’s industry, but then Britain blockaded France
Napoleon’s Mistakes Peninsular War - invaded Spain in order to
reach Portugal (wanted them to accept the Continental System) Spanish protested, so Napoleon
removed their king from power and made his brother king.
Spanish were outraged, and also feared the weakening of the Church (like in France)
fought using guerrilla warfare, had aid from Britain Napoleon could not defend against it
Italy and Germany began turning against the French as well
Napoleon’s Mistakes Invasion of Russia - Russia refused
to stop selling grain to Britain, and France and Russia suspected the other of trying to conquer Poland
June 1812 - Napoleon and 420,000 marched on Russia
Russians were outnumbered, and so retreated until they had the advantage Used the scorched-earth policy
burn fields, kill livestock, destroy towns - leave nothing for the enemy to re-supply
Napoleon’s Mistakes September 7, 1812 - Battle of Borodino
Russians retreated Napoleon reached Moscow, but the
Russian army had destroyed it
In October, Napoleon decided to travel back to France Within weeks, snow began to fall The Russians began to attack
Many French soldiers died in the attacks, but more died of exhaustion, hunger and cold
By the time the French army made it out of Russia, only 10,000 were left
Napoleon’s Downfall While Napoleon was weak, Britain, Russia,
Prussia and Sweden joined forces against him Later joined by Austria
Napoleon raised another army (untrained and ill-prepared)
Forces met at Leipzig, Napoleon’s army was crushed
March 1814~ the kings of Prussia and Russia led their troops in a victory parade through Paris
April 1814~ Napoleon surrendered, and was banished to the island Elba
The Hundred Days Louis XVI’s brother took the throne as
Louis XVIII Was extremely unpopular
On Elba, Napoleon heard of Louis XVIII’s troubles inspired him to attempt to regain
power
Escaped and landed in France, and was marched into Paris by a jubilant crowd Became emperor again within days
The Hundred Days The European Allies did not want
Napoleon to remain emperor British General Wellington prepared his
army at Waterloo (in Belgium)
June 18, 1815 - Napoleon attacked The British were aided by the Prussians 2 days later, Napoleon was defeated
This defeat ended Napoleon’s grab for power (called the Hundred days)
Napoleon was sent to St. Helena to live in exile until his death
Review Define the following terms: guerrilla,
blockade, Continental system, scorched-earth, plebiscite, Napoleonic Code
What was the concordat Napoleon signed with the Catholic Church?
Why did Napoleon want to blockade Britain?
What were Napoleon’s 3 mistakes?
What happened at Leipzig?
Summarize Napoleon’s Hundred Days.
Congress of Vienna Outline ch 7, section 5 You should have information on the
following topics Why they met 5 Great Powers Klemens von Metternich Metternich’s 3 goals The political changes caused by the
CoV The Latin American Revolutions
The Congress of Vienna
European leaders wanted to set up a lasting peace - lasted 8 months
Most of the decisions were made in secret by representatives of the five “great powers” Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain
and France Most influential representative -
Klemens von Metternich (Austria) Distrusted the ideas of the
Revolution
Metternich’s 3 Goals
Containment (surround France with strong countries) Netherlands was formed German states joined - German
Confederation Switzerland became independent
Restore balance of power Wanted France to be weakened, but not
powerless
Legitimacy (Restore Europe’s royal families to the throne) Ruling families of France, Spain and
several others were placed back on the throne
Political Changes Britain and France - constitutional
monarchies
Conservatives had control of Western and Central Europe
Russia, Prussia and Austria - absolute monarchs signed the “Holy Alliance” to help keep
down the forces of revolution
Concert of Europe - series of alliances that ensured that nations would help one another if any revolutions broke out
Revolutions - Latin America
With the overthrow and then reinstatement of the Spanish king, the Creoles and Peninsulares were competing for control over the Spanish colonies The Spanish king took control, but he
angered the Mexicans, who revolted
Other Spanish colonies began to declare their own independence
Brazil declared independence from Portugal