Chapter 7 Section 4. A re the simplest form of life C hemical elements organized into cells become...
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Section 4. A re the simplest form of life C hemical elements organized into cells become...
![Page 1: Chapter 7 Section 4. A re the simplest form of life C hemical elements organized into cells become living matter. A ll organisms are made-up of cells.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649f165503460f94c2b7e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 7 Section 4
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• Are the simplest form of life• Chemical elements organized into cells become
living matter.• All organisms are
made-up of cells• All the substances
of an organism are the products of its cells
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• Some things are only one cell(unicellular)
• Some have many cells (multicellular)
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• SINGLE CELL ORGANISM
• MULTI-CELL ORGANISM
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Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
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No nucleus Has a nucleusNo organelles Has organelles
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• A colony of single-celled organisms is a colonial organism. It's likely that early colonial organisms were the first evolutionary step from single celled life to multicellular species.
Volvox releasing daughter colonies. Ref: volvox01
Synura: Three individual colonies. Ref: synura01.
Synura (above) and rotifer egg.
Three Scenedesmus. Ref: scened00
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• The difference between a multicellular organism and a colonial organism is that individual cells from a colony can, if separated, survive on their own, while cells from a multicellular life form (e.g., liver cells) cannot.
Filamentous Algae
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• In a multicellular organism the cells have become specialized and taken on specific jobs to help out the whole organism
• In a colonial organism,there is little difference between cells.
Volvox carteri, a colonial freshwater alga. The small dots are regular cells and the large ones are asexual reproductive cells
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• cell differentiation- When cells take on a different shape, size, and chemistry, suitable for a certain function during development.
• Cells vary in size, shape, and internal components
• The variety of cell shapes include round, flat, long, rectangle, etc.
• Some cells have different extensions from the cell membrane
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• cell specialization- The characteristic of having separate roles for each type of cell in a multicellular organism; the cells is specifically designed for a certain function; it has a certain purpose or job.
• The size and shape of a cell is related to its function
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• division of labor- A more efficient way of getting jobs done in a multicellular organism because the different tasks are given to different cells, each of which is specialized to do that job.
• The organelles that make up a certain cell are also determined by the specific functions carried out by the cell
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• levels of organization- A system of hierarchy in which a group of things are arranged in order of rank, complexity, or size. Each group is made up of smaller parts and/or are a part of a larger group. (example- cells form tissues, which form organs, etc.)
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• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ system
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Many different types of cells are formed during embryonic development.
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• Cells occur in many different shapes and sizes so they can perform many different functions.
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Many different cells work together to form a tissue.
Cartilage Muscle Nerves
Fat Skin Bone
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Many tissues working together form an organ
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Each organ system is made up of several different organs that work together and enable the system to do its job.
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• Circulatory• Digestive• Endocrine• Excretory• Integumentary• Lymphatic
• Muscular• Nervous• Reproductive• Respiratory• Skeletal
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1. Cells – have a special job to do (i.e. cell from intestine)
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2. Tissues – a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a special job (i.e. group of lining cells in intestine)
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3. Organ – a group of tissues that work together to do a job (i.e. small intestine)
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4. Organ system – a group of organs that work together to do a certain job (i.e. digestive system)
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5. Organism – all organ systems working together (i.e. digestive, respiratory, circulatory, etc.)
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• Some organisms are made up of only one cell but they have all the features of living things• The parts of their cell
still work together
• Other organisms have organs and organ systems like humans• Systems work together to keep us alive