Chapter 7 Postwar Industrialization, Agriculture, and Urban Growth ■#2 The Problems of Farmers &...
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Postwar Industrialization, Agriculture, and Urban Growth ■#2 The Problems of Farmers &...
![Page 1: Chapter 7 Postwar Industrialization, Agriculture, and Urban Growth ■#2 The Problems of Farmers & The Populists.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d015503460f949d36f5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 7 Postwar Industrialization, Agriculture, and Urban Growth
■ #2 The Problems of Farmers & The Populists
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■ Essential QuestionEssential Question:
–Who were the Populists & what new ideas did they promote in order to help western farmers?
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Group Activity:The Problem of Farmers & Rise of the Populist Party
■ In groups of 2, (10 mins) complete these tasks:–Examine the documents provided
& determine what major problems farmers faced in the Gilded Age
–Write your answers in the matrix–When finished, generate a plan that
provides a solution to meet the needs of farmers
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The Problems of Farmers
■In the 1870s & 1880s, western farmers faced serious problems:
–Prices for their crops were falling due to over-production of grains
–Banks were charging high interest rates on mortgages & were foreclosing on debtors
–Railroads charged high rates for shipping & storing their crops
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Price Index for Consumer & Farm Goods
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The Problems of Farmers
■Government policies hurt farmers:
–The gov’t reduced the paper money (greenbacks) & relied on gold-backed currency
–This led to deflation making it harder for farmers to pay off debts
–When westerners appealed to their politicians, nothing was done
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Reform Attempts by Farmers■Farmers attempted to organize &
fight back through groups like the GrangersGrangers & the Farmers’ AllianceFarmers’ Alliance:–These groups attacked abusive
banks & railroad companies –They called on farmers to form
their own co-op stores, banks, & storage silos to avoid exploitation
–Both groups failed to gain improvements for farmers
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Granger Meeting
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The Populist Party■In 1890, the Populist PartyPopulist Party was
formed & demand reforms:–Government regulation of
railroads in order to lower rates–A national income tax to take the
burden of taxation off farmers –Direct-election of Senators to
make politicians more responsive–Bimetalism: Using gold & silver to
inflate the money supply
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Bi-Metalism
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The Rise of the Populist PartyFrom 1890 to 1896, the Populist Party emerged as an influential 3rd party & began to challenge the Democrats & Republicans
During this time, 3 governors, 10 congressmen, & 5 senators were
elected as Populist candidates…
…the state gov’ts of Idaho, Nevada, Kansas, & North Dakota were dominated by Populists
In 1892, Populist James Weaver made a run at the presidency
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William Jennings Bryan & the Election of 1896
■In the 1896 presidential election, William Jennings Bryan embraced Populist ideas & was nominated by the Democrat & Populist Parties:–Bryan made bimetallism the
issue of the campaign as a result of his “Cross of Gold” speech
–Republican William McKinley argued for the gold standard
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Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” Speech
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Bimetallism: A recipe for prosperity or lunacy?
OR?
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The Election of 1896McKinley’s defeat of Bryan in the
election of 1896 killed the Populist Party…
…but key Populist ideas such as the income tax, direct election of Senators, & regulation of railroads will be enacted by
the Progressives from 1890 to 1920