Chapter 7 Plasma Arc Cutting Operations - NAVY material/14250a/14250A_ch7.pdf · Chapter 7 Plasma...

Chapter 7

Plasma Arc Cutting Operations Topics

100 Plasma Arc Cutting Process

200 Equipment and Consumables

300 Cutting and Gouging Operating Sequence

400 Plasma Arc Gouging

500 Qualities of a Plasma Cut

600 Safety Procedures

To hear audio click on the box

Overview As a Steelworker you will be expected to become familiar with the Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC) process To achieve optimum performance of your plasma cutting system first you must know what plasma is and understand the basic plasma cutting process Plasma is a physical state of matter In fact plasma is the most abundant form of matter in the universe Physical matter may be found in four states solid liquid gas or plasma Changes from one physical state to another occur by either adding or removing energy Plasma looks and behaves like a high temperature gas but with an important difference it conducts electricity Lightning is a naturally occurring example of plasma A plasma arc is created by electrically heating a gas to a very high temperature this ionizes the atoms which enables the gas to conduct electricity This is the major difference between a neutral gas and plasma the particles in plasma can exert electromagnetic forces on one another This chapter will present an introductory explanation of plasma arc cutting Since the Navy supply system purchases equipment from different manufacturers always refer to the manufacturerrsquos manuals for specific operating and maintenance instructions

Objectives When you have completed this chapter you will be able to do the following

1 Describe the Plasma Arc Cutting process 2 Describe plasma arc equipment and consumables 3 Identify the plasma cutting and gouging sequence 4 Describe the steps in arc gouging 5 Identify the steps of a quality plasma cut 6 Describe the safety procedures for plasma arc processes

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-1

null

2010-02-22T142304-0600

743178

Prerequisites None This course map shows all of the chapters in Steelworker Basic The suggested training order begins at the bottom and proceeds up Skill levels increase as you advance on the course map

Introduction to Reinforcing Steel

S T E E L W O R K E R

B A S I C

Introduction to Structural Steel

Pre-Engineered Structures Buildings K-Spans Towers and Antennas

Rigging

Wire rope

Fiber Line

Layout and Fabrication of Sheet-Metal and Fiberglass Duct

Welding Quality Control

Flux Cored Arc Welding-FCAW

Gas-Metal Arc Welding-GMAW

Gas-Tungsten Arc Welding-GTAW

Shielded Metal Arc Welding-SMAW

Plasma Arc Cutting Operations

Soldering Brazing Braze Welding Wearfacing

Gas Welding

Gas Cutting

Introduction to Welding

Basic Heat Treatment

Introduction to Types and Identification of Metal

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-2

This manual has several features which make it easy to use online

bull Figure and table numbers in the text are italicized The figure or table is either next to or below the text that refers to it

bull The first time a glossary term appears in the text it is bold and italicized When your cursor crosses over that word or phrase a popup box displays with the appropriate definition

bull Audio and video clips are included in the text with an italicized instruction telling you where to click to activate it

bull Review questions that apply to a section are listed under the Test Your Knowledge banner at the end of the section Select the answer you choose If the answer is correct you will be taken to the next section heading If the answer is incorrect you will be taken to the area in the chapter where the information is for review When you have completed your review select anywhere in that area to return to the review question Try to answer the question again

bull Review questions are included at the end of this chapter Select the answer you choose If the answer is correct you will be taken to the next question If the answer is incorrect you will be taken to the area in the chapter where the information is for review When you have completed your review select anywhere in that area to return to the review question Try to answer the question again

Features of this Manual

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-3

100 PLASMA ARC CUTTING PROCESS Plasma arc cutting is such a simple process you could almost take it out of the box and start using it However as with any piece of equipment you need to know how and why it does what it does and the necessary precautions to do the job safely

110 Description Materials in nature exist in one of four different states solid liquid gas or plasma Plasma is very rare on Earth because of its very high temperature however most of the matter in the universe is plasma The Sun stars and galaxies are made of plasma On Earth you will find naturally occurring plasma in lightning and a few other places (Figure 7-1) Neon tubes and florescent lights generate low-temperature plasma It is the energy from ionization that you are actually seeing

Experiments with plasma arcs date back to early in the twentieth century but it was in the 1950s when PAC torches were patented The equipment was large and bulky and used a variety of cutting and cooling gases Today the introduction of cutting with clean compressed air or nitrogen is replacing many other types of cutting equipment Temperature makes the difference between water ice liquid water and water vapor In each of these states temperature energy pushes the molecules of water away from each other to change the waterrsquos state At very high temperature and pressure the water molecules themselves break apart and the atoms begin to ionize Normal atoms consist of protons and neutrons in a nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons In plasma the negatively charged electrons separate from the nucleus leaving behind their positively charged nuclei known as ions When the fast-moving electrons collide with other electrons and ions they release vast amounts of energy This energy is what gives plasma its cutting

Figure 7-1 mdash Naturally occurring plasma

Figure 7-2 mdash Plasma arc

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-4

power Plasma cutters work by electrically charging a gas within a plenum (chamber) that surrounds the electrode (Figure 7-2) This charge superheats and ionizes the gas which is now a greatly expanded (in volume and pressure) plasma gas The electrically charged plasma then exits the torch nozzle through a constricting orifice and arcs to the surface of the grounded workpiece creating a stream of directed plasma approximately 30000deg F (16649deg C) moving at approximately 20000 feet per second (6096 msec) reducing metal to molten slag The plasma itself conducts electrical current The cycle of creating the arc is continuous as long as power is supplied to the electrode and the plasma stays in contact with the grounded metal being cut The PAC process uses this high temperature high velocity jet of gas (exiting from the constricting orifice of the torch tip) to melt a localized area and removes the molten material by the force of the plasma jet The force of the arc pushes the molten metal through the workpiece and severs the material (Figure 7-3) You can make extremely clean and accurate cuts with PAC and because of the tightly focused heat energy there is very little warping even when cutting thin sheet metal PAC also offers quality gouging and piercing capabilities

120 Plasma vs Oxy-Fuel Cutting Before the PAC process became commonplace if you wanted to cut carbon steel stainless steel or aluminum chances were you would be using several means or methods of cutting Perhaps you would use oxy-fuel gas flame cutting for steel but that process is not recommended for cutting stainless steel and aluminum due to the formation of an oxide that prevents oxidation from fully occurring You could use bandsaws shears abrasive cut-off wheels or power hacksaws but you would need special blades to cut the stainless steels and alloy steels With engineering advances in PAC equipment all metals that conduct electricity whether they are common or exotic metals can be cut economically with one process Since the plasma arc cutting process is capable of hand-held or machine torch cutting metals ranging from thin gauge aluminum to 1 12-inch carbon or stainless steel can be plasma cut It can be used in many applications including stack and shape cutting beveling gouging and piercing in all positions The PAC process is used in industries such as metal fabrication construction maintenance metal salvage (scrap and recycling) automotive repair metal art and sculpting The PAC process is compared primarily to the oxy-fuel gas cutting (OFC) process The OFC process severs or removes metal by the chemical reaction of oxidation It is known as ldquoburningrdquo or rapid oxidation This occurs when you apply pure oxygen to hot preheated metal and maintain the elevated temperature with a flame from a burning oxy-fuel gas mixture It requires a high purity oxygen and fuel gas which comprises an explosive fuel gas mixture usually supplied from high-pressure compressed gas cylinders

Figure 7-3 mdash PAC torch cut-away

ionized

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-5

A properly installed Air Plasma Arc Cutting setup can be safer than an OFC system Safety precautions on the PAC torches can be safer than oxy-fuel gas torches where there is a chance of flashback and the danger of flammable gases in exposed hoses (Figure 7-4) OFCrsquos advantage is its capability of cutting very thick carbon steel with relatively inexpensive equipment that does not require electricity OFCrsquos disadvantage is its recommended limitation to cut carbon steels only PAC requires minimum training to operate the equipment safely and efficiently One of PACrsquos major advantages is speed PAC operates at a much higher heat energy level so it cuts faster than OFC especially on metal less than 2 inches thick and cutting speed makes a significant difference in production time and operator comfort Also unlike the OFC process PAC does not require preheating another major advantage besides the faster cutting speed Because of this PAC results in less distortion of the metal being cut This is due also to a very narrow heat-affected zone (area changed in characteristics near the cut) The clean dross-free cut produced with the PAC process can eliminate the secondary operations of other cutting methods such as cleaning up rough edges and dross on the bottom or backside of the cut (Figure 7-5) When compared to OFC PAC in some areas will not be as portable due to its dependence on primary electrical power from a utility line or engine-driven generator

Test Your Knowledge (Select the Correct Response)1 What happens to an atom when it is

exposed to very high temperatures A It adds a valence shell B It becomes an ion C It disintegrates D It remains stable

Figure 7-4 mdash Oxy-fuel cutting setup

Figure 7-5 mdash Clean cut

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-6

2 What characteristic makes plasma different than a gas

A It has a greater atomic weight B It is incandescent C It can conduct electricity D It has a distinct odor

200 EQUIPMENT and CONSUMABLES A pilot arc between the electrode and the constricting tip initiates the plasma arc process The tip is connected to ground through a current-limiting resistor and a pilot arc relay contact in the torch assembly One of two methods either a high frequency generator connected to the electrode and tip or an internal contact start initiates the pilot arc The welding power supply then maintains a low current arc inside the torch

Ionized orifice gas from the pilot arc is blown through the constricting tip orifice by a compressed gas This forms a low resistance path to ignite the main arc between the electrode and the workpiece (Figure 7-6) When the main arc ignites the pilot arc relay may be opened automatically to avoid unnecessary heating of the constricting tip which helps extend the life of the tip and electrode

210 Equipment Requirements A typical air-cooled PAC system consists of the following components

bull Power source

bull Either a hand-held or a machine-style torch

bull Supply of compressed air or nitrogen

211 Power Source Plasma arc cutting uses a direct current power source The polarity setting for the power source is direct current electrode negative (DCEN) In most systems there is also a positive connection to the torch tip in which the current is limited by a resistor This circuit establishes a pilot arc which then establishes the cutting arc The power source is a constant current power source with a high open circuit voltage (250-400 volts) The amperage is usually adjustable within the range of the power

Figure 7-6 mdash Basic PAC setup

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-7

source and amperage is directly proportional to the thickness and speed in which the metal can be cut Most manual PAC systems now use switch-mode or inverter technology These sophisticated electronically-controlled or microprocessor-controlled devices are better able to tolerate variations in line voltage take more abuse in the field and deliver better cutting performance while consuming less power with a longer duty cycle The term ldquoduty cyclerdquo identifies the number of minutes out of a 10-minute period that you can operate a plasma cutter at its rated capacity For example a 300-amp welder with a 60 duty could operate at 300 amps for 6 minutes and then needs to cool with its fan running for 4 minutes Manufacturers rate their products based on ambient air temperature so if a cutter is rated at 104ordm F and the ambient temperature where you are working is 84ordm F the duty cycle of the machine increases Conversely if the ambient temperature is hotter than the manufacturerrsquos initial rating the duty cycle decreases You need to know what ambient temperature the manufacturer used to rate its PAC in order to operate the equipment at the appropriate duty cycle and prevent damage

212 Rated Cutting Capacity Selection of the PAC is based on the type and thickness of the metal to be cut and the speed at which the metal needs to be cut The higher the PAC ampere and duty cycle rating the thicker and faster it will cut (Figure 7-7) While there is no standard for PAC cutting speeds in the weldingcutting industry some manufacturing companies qualify their PAC rated cutting capacity by three (3) standards (Figure 7-8)

Figure 7-7 mdash Cutting capacity rating

Figure 7-8 mdash Rated cutting capacity

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-8

bull Rated Cutting Capacity at ten (10) inches per minute travel speed is considered the minimum speed at which an operator achieves a smooth steady cut using a hand-held torch at the machinersquos Rated Output

bull Maximum Quality Cutting Capacity is a good quality cut that is achieved at

slower than ten (10) inches per minute travel speed

bull Sever Cut Capacity is the maximum metal thickness cut achieved in ideal conditions Sever Cut does not include allowances for rating quality of cut or travel speed

213 Cutting Speed As indicated previously the cutting speed will affect the thickness of the material that can be cut The slower you move the torch the thicker the material that can be cut but if you move the torch too slow the plasma arc will remove all of the material directly underneath it and the arc will bend to the side of the kerf causing a jagged cut The faster the travel speeds the thinner the material that can be cut but if you increase the torch speed too much the torch will be unable to cut completely through the workpiece Cutting speed is measured in inches per minute Maximum cutting speed is determined by the arc current nozzle diameter and metal thickness

220 Consumables The plasma torch is designed to generate and focus the plasma cutting arc (Figure 7-9)

In either hand held or machine torches the same parts are used an electrode to carry the current from the power source a swirl ring to spin the compressed air a tip that constricts and focuses the cutting arc and a shield and retaining ring to protect the torch

221 Swirl Ring The swirl ring made of a high temperature plastic is designed with angled holes to spin the cutting gas in a vortex (Figure 7-10) Spinning the gas centers the arc on the electrode and helps control and constrict the arc as it passes through the tip Some plasma cutting equipment swirls the gas in a clockwise direction others in a counter-

Figure 7-10 mdash Swirl ring

Figure 7-9 mdash PAC torch assembly

Figure 7-10 mdash Swirl ring NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-9

clockwise direction Check the manufacturerrsquos manual the direction of flow will indicate which side of the cut will be beveled

222 Electrode The purpose of the electrode is to provide a path for the electricity from the power source and generate the cutting arc (Figure7-11) The electrode is typically made of copper with an insert made of hafnium The hafnium-alloyed electrodes have good wear life when you use clean dry compressed air or nitrogen although electrode consumption may be greater with air plasma than with nitrogen

223 Tip The purpose of the torch tip is to constrict and focus the plasma arc (Figure 7-12) Constricting the arc increases the energy density and velocity The tips are made of copper with a specifically sized hole or orifice in the center of the tip Tips are sized according to the amperage rating of their respective torch

224 Retaining Cup The retaining cup serves two functions (Figure 7-13) First it holds the other consumable parts firmly in place Second it insulates and keeps the other consumable parts from making contact with the work piece

225 Shields There are two types of shields used on plasma torches a drag shield (Figure 7-14) and a deflector (Figure 7-15) The drag shield insulates the front end of the torch from the work piece and protects the torch tip from spatter The deflector insulates the electrode and protects it from spatter It is used when extended cutting consumables are needed

Figure 7-13 mdash Retaining cup

Figure 7-11 mdash Electrode

Figure 7-12 mdash Tip

Figure 7-14 mdash Drag shield

Figure 7-15 mdash Deflector shield

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-10

226 Consumables Used During Extended Cutting vs Drag Cutting The use of extended cutting consumables requires the operator to maintain a torch standoff of about 18 ldquoTorch stand-offrdquo is the distance from the outer face of the torch tip or constricting orifice nozzle to the base metal surface (Figure 7-16) Extended cutting is used in situations where the operator needs extra control of the cutting arc such as when cutting in a corner or when a machine torch is used The drag shield is constructed so that the required standoff is maintained inside the torch Using drag cutting consumables allows the operator to drag the torch on the work piece while cutting at full output which increases operator comfort and makes template cutting easier Figure 7-16 mdash Extended vs drag


227 Consumable Tips for Different Amperages Tip size is directly proportionate to amperage the higher the amperage the larger the tip you would use As you can see in Figure 7-17 the 40-amp tip opening is smaller than the 80-amp tip Exercise caution and be sure to use the correct tip for the amperage If you use an 80-amp tip for a 40-amp machine the plasma arc will not constrict enough and will cut an uneven wide kerf If you use a 40-amp tip on an 80-amp machine internal arcing will damage the tip and electrode decreasing their service life

Figure 7-17 mdash Consumables chart


228 Replacing Consumables Good preventive maintenance (PM) requires keeping a supply of electrodes tips and shield cups on hand and replacing them as wear appears You should inspect the shield cup tip and electrode before each use hourly during operation or whenever the cutting speed has reduced significantly Do not operate the PAC torch without a tip or an electrode in place A tip and electrode that are worn beyond the manufacturerrsquos recommended values or operating a torch without the tip or electrode in place can damage the torch Refer to Figure 7-18 for a comparison of new and worn consumables Figure 7-19 shows what to look for in the inspection process

Figure 7-19 mdash Consumable inspection process

Figure 7-18 mdash New and worn consumables


229 Cutting Gases Plasma arc cutting gases must have high ionization potential (energy) high thermal conductivity to deliver high heat energy to the work piece and high atomic weight to produce the energy to blow or push out metal from the cut Compressed air (approximately 80 nitrogen) with its high ionization potential and density is commonly used to minimize gas costs Compressed air may require installation of filters or line dryers to remove oil vapors and moisture Clean dry compressed air may be purchased in cylinders As a plasma gas nitrogen is considered to be the gas that creates the least slag or dross The gas pressure and flow rates must be properly set to the equipment manufacturerrsquos recommendation The gas supply piping and hoses to the cutting unit must be of sufficient size to carry the pressure and gas volume required Use a minimum 38 ID (inside diameter) piping or nonconductive hoses to provide the necessary pressure and volume of gas to the PAC power source If the piping or hose is more than 40 feet in length use a minimum 12 ID (Figure 7-20)

230 Improving Consumable life 1 Maintain proper gas pressure setting Setting the correct amount of gas pressure is very important to consumable life If the pressure setting is too high electrode life will be shortened If the pressure setting is too low the tip life will be shortened 2 Maintain the correct stand off If extended cutting consumables are being used make sure to maintain the recommended amount of standoff Too little standoff may damage the torch and consumables Too much standoff will result in inconsistent arc starts 3 Pierce within the limits of the plasma system Do not try to pierce metals that are too thick for the plasma cutter The typical rating is to pierce up to half the rated cutting thickness of the plasma cutter For example if the plasma cutter is rated to cut 1 steel it could pierce 12 steel

Figure 7-20 mdash Cutting gasses


4 Make sure the gas used is clean and dry Plasma cutting systems require clean dry gas to operate properly Moisture in the gas line is the cause of many system problems It can cause shortened consumable life and premature torch failure To check for moisture in the gas line set the system to the gasair set position and hold a mirror under the tip (Figure 7-21) If any moisture appears on the mirror inspect the system for the source of the moisture or install an air dryer in the system 5 Use edge starts Use edge starts whenever possible instead of pierce starts Edge starts improve consumable life since there is less chance for molten metal to be blown back into the tip 6 Use the tip saver setting Whenever possible use the tip saver position for the pilot arc More pilot arc time than is necessary will lead to shorter consumable life Use the expanded metal setting only when absolutely necessary 7 Remove buildup from shields Inspect the shields on the end of the torch frequently and remove any slag from the shield Slag can cause double arcing which shortens tip life 8 Purge gas after changing consumables Purge gas lines for 2ndash3 minutes after changing consumables or extended periods of little or no use This will ensure that any moisture built up in the lines is removed 9 Keep torch and consumables clean Any type of contamination in the torch or consumables can affect the performance of the cutting system When you change consumables always try to keep the new parts on a clean rag

Test your Knowledge (Select the Correct Response)3 How many minutes make up a duty cycle

A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20

4 What is hafnium used for A Shield material B Grounding clamp C Electrode tip D Insulator

Figure 7-21 mdash Checking for

moisture


300 CUTTING and GOUGING OPERATING SEQUENCE The first step in operating a PAC system is to perform a system check Make sure that the torch is assembled properly Turn the power source and air supply on Next check the status lights on the power source The status lights advise the operator if the system is ready to cut or if there is a problem that will keep the unit from operating properly There may be two to four status lights depending on the model of the power source (Figure 7-22) Typically the top light is labeled ldquopowerrdquo When this light is on it indicates the power source is on If the power light is the only light on that indicates that the system is ready to cut If an additional light is on that is the indication of a problem in the system Three parts of the system are monitored and when not functioning properly cause the additional status light to turn on and keep the system from cutting These parts are the torch assembly the air pressure setting and the internal temperature of the power supply Should an additional status light come on check to make sure the torch is properly assembled the air pressure is set to the recommended setting and it has had a chance to cool if the power source has been cutting continuously for more than the rated duty cycle time period Once these problems have been fixed the status light will turn off and the system will be ready to cut After verifying that the status lights indicate that the system is ready to cut purge the gas lines for a minute to get rid of any moisture that may have formed inside the lines When the trigger has energized the circuit a preflow of gas will flow through the torch for a few seconds This is done to ensure that the right amount of gas flow is available before an arc is created The cutting arc is created by one of two different starting methods high frequency starts or contact starts

310 High Frequency Starts The tried-and-true method is a high-frequency (HF) starting circuit built into the power supply This system uses a high-voltage transformer (similar to a bug zapper) capacitors and a spark-gap assembly to generate a high-voltage spark at the torch (Figure 7-23) The spark ionizes the plasma gas enabling current to flow across the air gap Figure 7-23 mdash HF starting circuit

Figure 7-22 mdash Control panel


between the nozzle and electrode The resulting arc is called the pilot arc High-frequency starting systems are simple relatively dependable and require no moving parts in the torch However they do need periodic maintenance to prevent hard-starting problems Another potential problem is the high frequency that radiates from the system creating electrical noise that may interfere with sensitive electronic equipment

320 Contact Starts A contact start torch uses a moving electrode or nozzle to create the initial spark that enables the pilot arc (Figure 7-24) When the torch is fired the electrode and nozzle are in contact in a dead short or short circuit When the operator depresses the trigger gas enters the plasma chamber it blows the electrode back (or the nozzle forward) creating a spark This process is similar to the spark created when an electrical plug is pulled quickly from a receptacle After the initial arc is created the gas flow pushes the arc through the orifice and reestablishes it on the outside of the tip This forms a J-shaped arc called the pilot arc The pilot arc forms a path to the metal surface to be cut When the torch is close enough to the metal the arc will transfer from a pilot arc between the electrode and the tip to a cutting arc between the electrode and the workpiece Contact start torches produce much less electrical noise than HF systems and they are instant-on torches which reduces cycle time because of the lack of preflow

330 Pilot Arc Control Methods On some power sources the pilot arc remains on even after the cutting arc is established An advantage to this is that if the operator is cutting over a piece of expanded metal for example the cutting arc is maintained as the arc moves from one piece of metal to the other One disadvantage of leaving the pilot arc on at all times during the cutting process is that it can lead to faster consumable wear To help address these issues some power sources have ways of controlling the pilot arc so that it is on when needed and can be shut off when not needed In some cases the power source has a switch that gives the operator a choice of settings for the pilot arc The operator can select the expanded metal position for a continuous pilot arc or the tip saver position where the pilot arc shuts off after the cutting arc is established

Figure 7-24 mdash Contact start


Other power sources are equipped with a circuit that automatically controls the pilot arc The pilot arc will switch in and out as fast as needed when cutting expanded metal or multiple pieces of metal When cutting on a solid piece of metal the pilot arc will drop out after the cutting arc has been established

340 Starting the Cut With a hand-held torch there are two methods for starting the cut edge starts and pierce starts To use an edge start place the torch directly over the edge of the work piece (Figure 7-25) With the tip centered on the edge of the metal start the arc and begin moving the torch along the cut line (Figure 7-26)

Figure 7-25 mdash Starting an edge cut

Figure 7-26 mdash Edge cut process


Pierce cuts are a little more difficult The torch will need to be angled slightly over the starting point (Figure 7-27)This will prevent the molten metal from the beginning of the cut from being blown back into the tip and electrode Once the cutting arc has pierced through the metal move the torch to a vertical position and continue along the cut line The thicker the metal the longer it will take the cutting arc to pierce through the metal The process of piercing a hole in the metal will cause a blow hole that is wider than the normal kerf so the initial pierce should be done in the scrap portion of the part not on the cut line (Figure 7-28)

400 PLASMA ARC GOUGING Plasma Arc Gouging is a variation or an adaptation of the PAC process Gouging utilizes a different torch tip that produces a reduction in the arc constriction which results in a lower arc stream velocity Note the larger diameter orifice of the gouging tip (Figure 7-29) This larger diameter orifice provides the reduction in arc constriction which results in a lower arc stream velocity It gives a softer wider arc and proper stream velocity Gouging may be used for edge preparation (J or U-grooves) removal of welds or discontinuities in welds and it may be used in all positions

Figure 7-28 mdash Pierce cut process

Figure 7-29 mdash Gouging tips

Figure 7-27 mdash Pierce cut


When comparing PAC with Air Carbon Arc Gouging (CAC-A) one major difference is that with PAC the gouge surface is bright and clean This is particularly true with the aluminum alloys and stainless steels There is virtually no cleanup required because the gouges are clean and absent of carbon contamination as is the case when using the CAC-A process Because of this CAC-A is not recommended as a weld preparation for stainless steel and aluminum without subsequent and sufficient cleaning The technique for plasma arc gouging requires the torch be angled 30deg to 45deg from the base metal surface This torch angle and the speed of travel will determine the gouging depth It is important that not too much material be removed in a single pass It is better to remove by gouging to the required depth and width by using multiple passes (Figure 7-30)

Figure 7-30 mdash Gouging process


500 QUALITIES of a PLASMA CUT Good quality cuts result in less time and effort being spent on cleaning up the part before it goes to the next step in the manufacturing process If the part is to be welded a clean cut is important in order to produce a good weld It takes several terms to define a quality cut (Figures 7-31and 7-32)

510 Kerf The kerf is the width of the cut or the amount of metal removed by the cutting process All cutting processes produce a kerf You must account for the kerf when cutting to specific dimensions or determining the number of parts that can be cut from a piece Factors that affect the size of the kerf include cutting speed amperage setting amount of standoff and the size of the orifice in the tip

520 Bevel Angle As the plasma gas cuts through the metal it has a swirling motion As a result of this motion the arc has more energy on one side of the cut than the other This leads to a cut that is straight on one side and has a bevel angle (typically four to six degrees) on the other side The direction of travel and the swirl of the gas determine which side will be straight and which side will be beveled On a torch with a clockwise swirl (this includes all Miller torches) the straight side of the cut will be the right side of the cut in the direction of travel Being aware of this characteristic of plasma cutting will ensure that the part being produced has straight edges while the scrap piece has the beveled edge

530 Drag Line Drag lines are ripples along the surface of the cut The travel speed and amperage setting will have the most effect on the appearance of the drag lines

Figure 7-32 mdash Direction of cut Figure 7-31 mdash Elements of a quality cut


540 Top Rounding Top edge rounding is a slight rounding over of the metal at the top of the cut It is caused by the fact that the arc is hotter at the top of the cut than at the bottom There is usually some top edge rounding in any plasma cut part It is most affected by material thickness and is more apparent on thicker metals

550 Dross Dross is re-solidified oxidized molten metal that is not fully ejected from the kerf during cutting It is the most common cut quality problem of plasma cutting Dross may form as a thick bubbly accumulation along the bottom edge of the plate a small hard bead of uncut material (high-speed dross) or a light coating along the top surface of the plate (top spatter) Dross is affected by the materialrsquos variables such as thickness and type grade chemical composition surface condition flatness and even temperature changes as the material is cut However the three most critical variables to consider in dross formation are cutting speed amperage and standoff distance If the cutting speed is too slow the plasma jet begins to look for more material to cut The arc column grows in diameter widening the kerf to a point where the high velocity portion of the plasma jet no longer ejects the molten material from the cut As a result this molten material begins to accumulate along the bottom edge of the plate in a thick globular form This is called low-speed dross At extremely low speeds the arc extinguishes because there is not enough metal to sustain a transferred arc Increasing the amperage or decreasing the standoff (while keeping material thickness and speed constant) have a similar effect on the cut as slowing down the cut speed Both of these changes cause more energy from the plasma jet to contact a given area of the material in a given period of time Excessive amperage or low standoff can also cause low-speed dross Some low speed dross in the corners of a plasma cut is normal since velocity does not remain constant through a sharp turn To prevent low-speed dross form forming increase the cut speed in 5 ipm increments increase the standoff in 116-inch increments or 5 volt increments or decrease the amperage in 10 amp increments If none of these measures improves the cut consider a smaller nozzle size If the cutting speed is too fast the arc begins to lag back in the kerf leaving a small hard bead of uncut material or rollover dross along the bottom of the plate This high-speed dross is more tenacious and usually requires extensive machining to remove At extremely high speeds the arc becomes unstable and begins oscillating up and down in the kerf causing a rooster tail of sparks and molten material At these speeds the arc may fail to penetrate the metal or may extinguish High standoff or low amperage (for a given material thickness and cutting speed) can also cause high-speed dross since both of these changes cause a reduction in the energy of the plasma jet To prevent high speed dross first check the nozzle for signs of wear (gouging oversize or elliptical orifice) decrease the cutting speed in 5 ipm increments decrease the standoff in 116-inch increments or 5 volts increments or increase the amperage (do not exceed 95 of the nozzle orifice rating) Top spatter is an accumulation of re-solidified metal that sprays along the top of the cut piece It is usually very easy to remove The usual cause is a worn nozzle excessive cutting speed a high standoff or the swirling flow of the plasma jet which at a certain angle of attack flings molten material out in front of the kerf rather than down through it NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-22

To eliminate top spatter check the nozzle for signs of wear decrease the cutting speed in 5 ipm increments or decrease the standoff in 116-inch increments or 5 volt increments

Test your Knowledge (Select the Correct Response)5 What is dross

A Excess plasma formation B Resolidified molten metal C Angle on the top of a cut D Preferred shielding material

6 What is the most likely reason the plasma torch would not cut through the work piece A Incorrect angle B Wrong shielding gas C Rapid torch speed D Inexperienced technician

560 Six Steps to Good Cut Quality 1 Use quality consumable parts You will not get quality cuts without quality parts Use the parts recommended by the manufacturer These parts are made to the exact tolerances required to ensure quality cuts To further ensure quality cuts always start with a new set of consumables 2 Assemble the torch properly Assemble the torch carefully making sure the parts are properly aligned and fit together snugly This will ensure good electrical contact and cutting performance Keep parts in their storage containers until needed in order to prevent contamination from dirt and dust 3 Set the amperage no higher than necessary The amperage should be set based on the metal thickness being cut Using more amperage than needed will shorten consumable life 4 Square the torch with the part to be cut If the torch is not aligned perpendicular with the part the cut may form a beveled edge instead of a straight edge Check the squareness of the torch visually before starting to cut 5 Verify the direction of travel Depending on the manufacturer and the direction of the air flow the square side of the cut may be the right-hand side in the direction of travel Perform a test cut to verify the location of the square edge 6 Adjust the travel speed During the test cut determine the travel speed that will provide either a dross-free or minimal-dross cut Increasing travel speed will also insure that you do not have a negative bevel angle


600 SAFETY PROCEDURES As it is with any cutting or welding process safety is the prime consideration The equipment ownerrsquos manuals will provide safety recommendations that must be followed The plasma arc emits intense visible and invisible radiation (ultraviolet and infrared) Operators need to be fully clothed with dark leather or woolen clothing Ultraviolet radiation can cause rapid disintegration of cotton-based clothing Dark clothing reduces reflection particularly underneath the welding helmet where reflected ultraviolet burns can occur to the face and neck To provide adequate protection for the eyes use filter lenses conforming to ANSI Z491 (Table 7-1)

Table 7-1 Suggested filter glass shades for plasma

Arc Current in Amps Lowest Shade Number Recommended Shade Number

Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14

When cutting thicker materials it may be necessary to wear ear protection Also water tables are sometimes used beneath cutting tables If a water table is used strict guidelines must be followed to avoid such problems as hydrogen gas buildup beneath the plate being cut This is especially the case when cutting aluminum and also when argonhydrogen mixtures are used as the cutting gas The PAC process produces fumes and gases that can harm your health The composition and rate of generation of fumes and gases depend on many factors including arc current cutting speed material being cut and gases used The fume and gas by-products will usually consist of the oxides of the metal being cut ozone oxides of nitrogen and phosgene gas Adequate ventilation is required during the plasma arc cutting process due to the brightness of the plasma arc which causes air to break down into ozone These fumes must be removed from the work area or eliminated at the source by an appropriate exhaust system Take the proper precautions to avoid being burned by hot molten material sparks can travel in excess of 35 feet during the cutting process Do not wear any clothing with cuffs or uncovered pockets and always wear the proper insulated gloves Handle compressed gas cylinders carefully Secure them when stored or in use knocks falls or rough handling can damage cylinders and valves causing leakage and potential accidents


Use the following guidance when setting up and using cylinders of gas 1 Properly secure the cylinder 2 Before connecting a regulator purge the valve of dust and debris 3 When you attach a regulator to a cylinder be sure it is in a fully closed condition

Once you have opened the cylinder valve slowly adjust the screw on the regulator slowly until you obtain the correct pressure

4 When the cylinder is not in use close the valve and the regulator Operators and maintenance people should keep in mind that PAC equipment operates with a higher output voltage than typical welding equipment Always follow recommended safety procedures as outlined by the equipment manufacturer Read Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for metals consumables and coatings Further information on safety can be found in the American Welding Society publications ldquoSafety in Welding and Cutting ANSI ASC Z491rdquo

Summary This chapter introduced you to the basics of plasma arc cutting a very easy method of cutting all conductive metals which requires very little training to use It discussed the formation of plasma and its properties explained the equipment used for plasma arc cutting and gave some proper cutting techniques It also presented some advantages and disadvantages of plasma arc cutting over other cutting methods The main theme of the chapter was to select the right size PAC for the job at hand based on the type and thickness of the metal to be cut while keeping a constant eye on the torch consumables to ensure proper production efficiency is maintained Finally it cannot be overemphasized to follow all of the manufacturerrsquos recommended operating and safety procedures


Review Questions (Select the Correct Response)1 What is the most common form of matter in the universe

A Solid B Liquid C Gas D Plasma

2 What action is visible during an electrical arc

A Ionization B Fusion C Fission D Transpiration

3 What is responsible for the difference between the different states of the same

matter

A Atomic weight B Chemical composition C Number of protons D Temperature

4 What causes atoms to break apart

A Intense light B Chemical reaction C Weak valence shells D Extremely high pressure and temperature

5 What causes the release of vast amounts of energy between electrons and ions

A Their collisions B Their velocity C Their atomic structure D The reaction of their protons

6 How is plasma produced in a plasma cutting torch

A High pressure gas B Extreme heat C Shielding gas D Chemical reaction


7 What must be created between the torch and workpiece to maintain cutting

A Contact B Air pressure C Electrical pathway D Heat transfer

8 What attribute makes plasma different from steam

A Conductivity B Directionality C Pressure D Atomic structure

9 What controls the radius of the plasma arc

A Voltage B Speed C Tip constriction D Type of electrode

10 What removes molten metal from the cut area

A Shielding gas B Plasma jet C Gravity D Skilled technician

11 What is the main reason PAC is used on aluminum

A It uses less energy than oxy-fuel B It causes little to no oxidation C It is easier to use D It results in minimal warping

12 For a plasma cutter to function on metal what physical condition must

A It must be grounded B It must conduct electricity C It must be fully submerged in water D It must be preheated

13 What is a disadvantage of plasma cutting

A Its speed B Overall weight of the system C Necessity of having a source of electricity D Its highly flammable nature


14 Why does plasma cutting cause less workpiece distortion than oxy-fuel

A No preheating is required B A smaller torch is used C A smaller standoff is used D Plasma is not as hot as oxy-fuel

15 In the transferred arc mode where is the arc struck

A Between the tip and the nozzle B Between the electrode and the shield C Between the electrode and the workpiece D Between the tip and the workpiece

16 How do you avoid unnecessary heating of the constricting tip during cutting

operations

A Open the pilot arc relay B Increase the output gas pressure C Decrease the output current D All of the above

17 What type of kerf is produced by a plasma torch

A Heavy dross B Double bevel C Bevel and straight D Double straight

18 What component does an inverter power supply use to adjust the frequency of

incoming AC

A Transformer B Capacitor C Diode D Microprocessor

19 How many minutes can an 80-amp plasma arc cutter operate continuously with a

duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70

20 What does a rating of 104ordm F refer to in regard to a PAC

A Ambient temperature B Maximum operating temperature C Preheat temperature D Plasma temperature


21 How is PAC cutting speed measured

A Feet per second B Inches per second C Feet per minute D Inches per minute

22 What is the purpose of a swirl ring in a PAC torch

A Conduct electricity B Focus the plasma arc C Spin the compressed air D Control the temperature

23 What are the two most common torch systems to initiate the plasma pilot arc

A FM and contact B HF and contact C HF and automatic D CW and automatic

24 What enables current to flow across the air gap between the tip and electrode

A Spark B Gas pressure C Heat transfer D Contact with the workpiece

25 What type of torch is also known as an instant-on torch

A Solid state B Contact start C High frequency D Hafnium

26 What torch component is made of high temperature plastic

A Tip B Electrode C Swirl ring D Retaining cup

27 What type of shield is used for extended cutting applications

A Drag B Deflector C Directional D Dimensional


28 What is the recommended torch standoff of an extended tip in inches

A 1 B frac12 C frac14 D 18

29 The tip size of the torch is directly proportional to what PAC characteristic

A Voltage B Amperage C Speed rating D Material composition

30 What is the recommended pierce starting position of the PAC torch in relation to

the workpiece

A Perpendicular to the workpiece B Parallel to the workpiece C Slightly angled away from you D Slightly angled toward you

31 What is the PAC current selection based on

A Ambient temperature B Type of electrode C Thickness of the workpiece D PAC manufacturer

32 The PAC should be inspected at the beginning of what

A Project B Workday C Workweek D Month

33 The condition of torch consumables is directly related to what torch

characteristic

A Cutting speed B Production efficiency C Output amperage D Duty cycle

34 What does a kerf refer to on the workpiece

A Molten material left on the bottom of the workpiece B Amount of material removed by the cutting process C Direction of travel of the gas swirl D Bevel angle on the edge of the cut


35 What are drag lines on the surface of the cut

A Ripples along the surface of the cut B Scratches left by the torch tip C Gouges left by the grounding strap D Measurement marks

36 What causes top edge rounding on a cut edge

A Torch is too close to the workpiece B Torch is too far away from the workpiece C The arc is hotter at the top of the cut D The arc is cooler at the top of the cut

37 How often should an electrode be replaced

A Once a day B Once every ten hours of operation C After significant wearing appears D After every job

38 Which gas is considered to produce the least dross

A Compressed air B Hydrogen C Argon D Nitrogen

39 What is the effect of oxidation on a workpiece

A Increases melting temperature B Causes the metal to warp C Increases welding quality D Causes a crystalline deposit

40 How do you determine the maximum cutting speed of a PAC torch

A Arc current nozzle diameter and metal thickness B Arc current electrode material and type of metal C Gas pressure nozzle diameter and metal thickness D Gas pressure electrode material and type of metal

41 Why is very little workpiece preparation necessary after plasma cutting

A Preciseness of the arc B The lack of chemical reactions C The low temperature used D Potential harm to material


42 What causes a bevel angle on one side of a workpiece

A Amperage and angle of the torch B Direction of swirl of the plasma gas C Size and standoff of the torch D Standoff and amperage of the torch

43 How do you correct a negative bevel angle

A Decrease the torch speed B Increase the torch speed C Decrease the torch angle D Increase the torch angle

44 What occurs to the workpiece when the cutting speed is too slow

A Kerf gets sharper edge B Less dross is formed C Kerf gets wider D Oxidation increases

45 What has the greatest effect on the appearance of drag lines

A Amperage and angle of the torch B Height and speed of the torch C Speed and amperage of the torch D Standoff and amperage of the torch

46 What ANSI standards should be followed when selecting the proper filter glass

shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791


Trade Terms Introduced in this Chapter Dross The oxidized material that melts during cutting and adheres

to the workpiece

Hafnium A grey metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons

Kerf The groove or cut made by the cutting torch

Ionized A gas is acted upon by the intense heat of plasma causing a net electric charge by adding or removing one or more electrons

Oxidation The deposit that forms on the surface of a metal as it oxidizes This deposit increases the melting temperature of the metal causing uneven flow of welding material and therefore a bad weld

Plenum The state or space in which a gas usually air is contained at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure


Additional Resources and References This chapter is intended to present thorough resources for task training The following reference works are suggested for further study This is optional material for continued education rather than for task training Basic Plasma Theory Hypertherm New Hampshire 2000 Colt Jim The Evolution of Plasma Cutting Hypertherm New Hampshire 2004 Plasma Cutting and Gouging Miller Electric Manufacturing Company 2009 Plasma Cutting Guide Miller Electric Manufacturing Company 2009 Safety Quick-Guide for Arc Welding and Cutting the Safe Way Miller Electric Manufacturing Company 2007 Welding and Allied Processes S9086-CH-STM-010CH-074R4 Commander Naval Sea Systems Command Washington DC 1999 Welding Theory and Application TM 9-237 Department of the Army Technical Manual Headquarters Department of the Army Washington DC 1976


CSFE Nonresident Training Course ndash User Update CSFE makes every effort to keep their manuals up-to-date and free of technical errors We appreciate your help in this process If you have an idea for improving this manual or if you find an error a typographical mistake or an inaccuracy in CSFE manuals please write or email us using this form or a photocopy Be sure to include the exact chapter number topic detailed description and correction if applicable Your input will be brought to the attention of the Technical Review Committee Thank you for your assistance Write CSFE N7A

3502 Goodspeed St Port Hueneme CA 93130

FAX 805982-5508 E-mail CSFE_NRTCnavymil

Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________

Revision Date__________ Chapter Number____ Page Number(s)____________

Description _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (Optional) Correction _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (Optional) Your Name and Address _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________


A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright

SW B Table of Contents

SW Basic Ch 1 Introduction to Types and Identification of Metal

Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BASIC METAL TYPES

110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel

120 Nonferrous Metals

200 BASIC METAL IDENTIFICATION

210 Surface Appearance

220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions

Trade Terms Introduced in this Chapter

Additional Resources and References

CSFE Nonresident Training Course ndash User Update

SW Basic Ch 2 Basic Heat Treatment

Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 HEAT TREATMENT THEORY

200 STAGES of HEAT TREATMENT

210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage

300 RECOGNIZING HEAT COLORS for STEEL

400 TYPES of HEAT TREATMENT

410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal

412 Nonferrous Metal

420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA

510 Liquid Quenching

511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 3 Introduction to Welding

Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 WELDING PROCESSES

110 Gas Welding

111 OXYFUEL GAS Welding (OFW) ACETYLENE

112 OXYFUEL GAS Welding (OFW) MAPPGAS

120 Arc Welding

121 Common Arc Welding Processes

1211 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

1212 Gas Shielded Arc Welding

12121 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

12122 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

12123 Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW)

1213 Resistance Spot Welding

200 WELDING TERMINOLOGY

210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds

300 WELDED JOINT DESIGN

310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints

400 WELDING POSITIONS

500 EXPANSION and CONTRACTION

510 Controlling Distortion

511 Preparation and Fit-up

512 Heat Input

513 Preheat

514 Number of Weld Passes

515 Jigs and Fixtures

516 Allow for Distortion

600 WELDING PROCEDURES

610 American Welding Society

620 American Society of Mechanical Engineers

700 DRAWINGS

710 Reading Drawings

711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views

715 Handling and Care

720 Welding Symbol

721 Type of Weld (Weld Symbols)

722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary

724 Additional Information

725 Multiple-Weld

726 Application of Symbol

800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet

830 Protective Clothing

840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions



SW Basic Ch 4 Gas Cutting

Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 OXYGAS CUTTING EQUIPMENT

110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design

122 MAPP Characteristics

123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators

141 Single-Stage Regulators

142 Double-Stage Regulators

143 Problems and Safety

150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body

162 Cutting Torch Tips

1621 Acetylene Tip Maintenance

1622 MAPP Tip Maintenance

200 OXYGAS CUTTING OPERATIONS

210 Equipment Setup

211 Carburizing Flame

212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame

220 Cutting Mild-Carbon Steel

221 Cutting Thin Steel

222 Cutting Thick Steel

230 Cutting Cast Iron

240 Gouging Mild Steel

250 Beveling Mild Steel

260 Electric Drive Cutting Torch Carriage

270 Cutting and Beveling Pipe

280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets

2100 Cutting Wire Rope

2110 Cutting on Containers

300 JUDGING CUTTING QUALITY

310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness

330 Top Edge Sharpness

340 Slag Conditions

400 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

410 Backfire and Flashback

420 Cylinders

421 Identification of Cylinders

4211 Color Warnings

4212 Cylinder Color Bands

4213 Decals

4214 Shatterproof Cylinders

4215 Service Ownership

422 Handling and Storing Gas Cylinders

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 5 Gas Welding

Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 OXYGAS WELDING EQUIPMENT

110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods

200 OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of OXYGAS EQUIPMENT

210 Operation

211 Selecting the Welding Torch Tip Size

212 Equipment Setup

213 Torch Lighting and Flame Adjustment

220 Maintaining the Equipment

221 Torch Gas Leaks

222 Welding Torch Tips

223 Regulator Leaks

300 OXYGAS WELDING TECHNIQUES

310 Forehand Welding

320 Backhand Welding

330 Multilayer Welding

340 Joint Edge Preparation

350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper

362 Copper-Zinc Alloy (Brasses)

363 Copper-Silicon Alloy (Silicon Bronze)

364 Copper-Nickel Alloy

365 Nickel and High-Nickel Alloys

366 Lead

367 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

3671 Melting Characteristics

3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes

3674 Welding Preparation

3675 Welding Techniques

370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions

Trade Terms Introduced in This Chapter



SW Basic Ch 6 Soldering Brazing Braze Welding Wearfacing

Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat

1111 Soldering Coppers

11111 Filing and Tinning Coppers

11112 Forging Soldering Coppers

1112 Electric Soldering Coppers

1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder

1121 Tin-Lead Solder

1122 Tin-Antimony-Lead Solder

1123 Tin-Zinc Solder

1124 Tin-Antimony Solder

1125 Tin-Silver Solder

1126 Lead-Silver Solder

113 Fluxes

1131 Noncorrosive Fluxes

1132 Corrosive Fluxes

120 Soldering Techniques

121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering

130 Soldering Aluminum Alloys

200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints

230 Brazing Procedures

231 Surface Preparation

232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux

320 Braze Welding Procedures

400 WEARFACING

410 Wearfacing Materials

411 Iron-Base Alloys

412 Tungsten Carbide

420 Wearfacing Procedures

421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 7 Plasma Arc Cutting Operations

Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PLASMA ARC CUTTING PROCESS

110 Description

120 Plasma vs Oxy-Fuel Cutting

200 EQUIPMENT and CONSUMABLES

210 Equipment Requirements

211 Power Source

212 Rated Cutting Capacity

213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields

226 Consumables Used During Extended Cutting vs Drag Cutting

227 Consumable Tips for Different Amperages

228 Replacing Consumables

229 Cutting Gases

230 Improving Consumable life

300 CUTTING and GOUGING OPERATING SEQUENCE

310 High Frequency Starts

320 Contact Starts

330 Pilot Arc Control Methods

340 Starting the Cut

400 PLASMA ARC GOUGING

500 QUALITIES of a PLASMA CUT

510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross

560 Six Steps to Good Cut Quality

600 SAFETY PROCEDURES

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 8 Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Chapter 8

Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION to the PROCESS

110 Methods of Application

120 Advantages and Limitations

200 PRINCIPLES of OPERATION

210 Arc Systems

220 Electrical Terms

230 Metal Transfer

300 EQUIPMENT for WELDING

310 Power Sources

311 Types of Current

312 Power Source Duty Cycle

313 Types of Power Sources

3131 Generator and Alternator Welding Machines

3132 Transformer Welding Machines

3133 Transformer-Rectifier Welding Machines

3134 Three Phase Rectifier Welding Machines

3135 Multiple Operator System

3136 Inverter Power Sources

314 Selecting a Power Source

320 Controls

330 Electrode Holder

340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories

370 Equipment Operation and Maintenance

400 COVERED ELECTRODES

410 Classification

420 Sizing

430 Selection of Electrode Class

431 Base Metal Strength Properties

432 Base Metal Composition

433 Welding Position

434 Welding Current

435 Joint Design and Fit-Up

436 Thickness and Shape of Base Metal

437 Service Conditions andor Specifications

438 Production Efficiency and Job Condition

440 Selection of Electrode Size

450 Conformances and Approvals

500 WELDING APPLICATIONS

510 Industries

511 Field Welded Storage Tanks

512 Pressure Vessels

513 Industrial Piping

514 Transmission Pipelines

515 Nuclear Power Plants

516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation

519 Industrial Machinery

5110 Heavy Equipment

5111 Maintenance and Repair

520 Variations of the Process

530 Wearfacing

531 Workpiece Preparation

532 Preheating

533 Techniques

5331 Bulldozer Blades

5332 Shovel teeth

540 Carbon-Arc Cutting

541 Air Carbon-Arc Cutting

542 Air Carbon-Arc Gouging

543 Metal Electrode Arc Cutting

600 WELDING METALLURGY

610 Properties of the Weld

611 Chemical Properties

612 Mechanical Properties

613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels

6212 Low Alloy Steels

6213 Heat Treatable Steels

6214 Chromium-Molybdenum Steels

6215 Stainless amp Higher Chromium-Molybdenum Steels

6216 Free Machining Steels

622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron

6222 Nodular and Malleable Cast Irons

623 Copper and Copper Alloys

624 Nickel and Nickel Alloys

700 WELD AND JOINT DESIGN

710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility

750 Weld Joint Designs

760 Arc Welding Positions

761 Flat-Position Welding

762 Horizontal-Position Welding

7621 Electrode Movement

7622 Joint Type

763 Vertical-Position Welding

7631 Current Settings and Electrode Movement

7632 Joint Type

7633 E-7018 Electrode Welding Technique

764 Overhead-Position Welding


7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding

7651 Pipe welding positions

7652 Pipe welding procedures

7653 Joint preparation and fit-up

766 Tack welding

767 Spacers

768 Electrode selection

769 Weather conditions

800 WELDING PROCEDURE VARIABLES

810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type

820 Primary Variables

821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed

823 Welding Voltage (Arc Length)

824 Starting the Arc

8241 Breaking the Arc

8242 Reestablishing the Arc

8243 Peening

830 Secondary Variables

831 Angles of the Electrode

900 WELDING PROCEDURE SCHEDULES

1000 PREWELD PREPARATIONS

1010 Preparing the Weld Joint

1020 Fixturing and Positioning

1030 Preheating

1100 WELDING DEFECTS and PROBLEMS

1110 Discontinuities Caused by Welding Technique

1111 Slag Inclusions

1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity

1114 Wormhole Porosity (Piping Porosity)

1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters

11111 Excessive Weld Spatter

1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow

1132 Improper Moisture Content

1133 Fingernailing

1200 POSTWELD PROCEDURE

1210 Cleaning

1220 Inspection and Testing

1221 Welding Quality Control

1230 Repairing of Welds

1240 Postheating

1300 WELDER TRAINING and QUALIFICATION

1310 Welder Training

1311 Basic Shielded Metal Arc Welding

1312 Advanced Shielded Metal Arc Welding

1313 Shielded Metal Arc Pipe Welding

1320 Welder Qualification

1400 WELDING SAFETY

1410 Electrical Shock

1420 Arc Radiation

1430 Air Contamination

1440 Fires and Explosions

1450 Weld Cleaning and Other Hazards

1460 Summary of Safety Precautions

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 9 GasTungsten Arc Welding

Chapter 9

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources


320 Types of Welding Current

321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current

323 Alternating Current

324 High-Frequency Current






335 Square Wave Power Source

340 Controls

350 Welding Torches

360 Gas Shielding System

370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment

381 Filler Wire Feeders

382 Water Circulators

383 Motion Devices

400 EQUIPMENT SETUP ADJUSTMENT and SHUTDOWN

410 Equipment Setup

420 Preparing the Electrode Tip

430 Assembling the Torch

440 Setting Up the Shielding Gas System

450 Setting Up the Welding Parameters

460 System Shutdown and Clean Up

500 ELECTRODES SHIELDING GAS and FILLER METAL

510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium

523 Argon-Helium Mixtures

524 Argon-Hydrogen Mixtures

525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing

540 Selection of Filler Metal

550 Conformances


610 Industries


612 Nuclear Power Facilities

613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation

616 Pressure Vessels Boilers and Heat Exchangers


618 Miscellaneous

620 Arc Spot Welding





713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals



723 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys


725 Steels

7251 Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels

7252 Cast Iron


7254 Stainless Steels

726 Titanium and Titanium Alloys

727 Other Metals

800 WELD JOINT DESIGN

810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility

860 Consumable Inserts


880 Welding Positions



910 Fixed Variables

911 Type of Electrode

912 Electrode Size

913 Type of Welding Current

914 Type of Shielding Gas

915 Electrode Taper Angle


921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed




932 Electrode Extension




1120 Cleaning the Work Metal

1130 Electrode Tip Preparation

1140 Fixturing Positioning and Weld Backing

1150 Preheating

1200 WELDING DISCONTINUITIES and PROBLEMS


1211 Tungsten Inclusions

1212 Oxide Inclusions

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Incomplete Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow

1232 Inadequate Shielding

1233 Electrode Contamination


1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating


1410 Basic Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

1411 Mild Steel

1412 Stainless Steel

1413 Aluminum

1420 Gas Tungsten Arc Pipe Welding

1421 Course Introduction

1422 Small Diameter Piping and Tubing

1423 8-lnch Diameter Pipe


1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation


1540 Compressed Gasses




Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 10 Gas Metal Arc Welding

Chapter 10

Gas Metal Arc Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer

221 Short Circuiting Transfer

222 Globular Transfer

223 Spray Transfer

224 Pulsed Current Transfer


310 Power Sources




3131 Generator Welding Machines



320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns

341 Semiautomatic Guns

342 Machine Welding Guns

350 Shielding Gas Equipment

360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories

400 INSTALLATION SETUP and MAINTENANCE of EQUIPMENT

410 Power Source Connections

420 Gun Cable Assembly

430 Wire Installation

440 Gas Cylinder Installation

450 Amperage and Voltage Settings

460 Equipment Shutdown and Clean Up

470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests

500 SHIELDING GAS and ELECTRODES

510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide


515 Argon-Oxygen Mixtures

516 Argon-Carbon Dioxide Mixtures

517 Helium-Argon-Carbon Dioxide Mixtures

518 Nitrogen

520 Shielding Gas Flow Rate

530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing

540 Electrode Selection



610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace




622 Narrow Gap Welding



711 Chemical and Physical Properties


713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels

7251 Low Carbon and Mild Steels







800 WELD and JOINT DESIGN

810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed



932 Electrode Angles






1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow


1233 Clogged or Dirty Contact Tube

1234 Wire Feed Stoppages


1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Basic Gas Metal Arc Welding

1412 Gas Metal Arc Welding Steel Pipe


1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Trade Terms Introduced in this Chapter13



SW Basic Ch 11 Flux Cored Arc Welding

Chapter 11

Flux Cored Arc Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories

400 EQUIPMENT SETUP OPERATION and SHUT DOWN

410 Protective Clothing and Tools

420 Obtaining Materials

430 Set Up Equipment

440 Adjust Equipment

450 Perform the Weld

460 Shut Down Equipment


510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide


513 Argon-oxygen mixture

520 Electrodes

521 Classification


523 Conformance and Approvals


610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads

615 Automotive Products

616 Heavy Equipment


620 Flux Cored Arc Spot Welding





740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels

7511 Low-carbon and Mild Steels

7512 Low-alloy Steels






810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Basic Flux Cored Arc Welding


1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation


1540 Compressed Gases




Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 12 Welding Quality Control

Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION

200 NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING

210 Visual Inspection

220 Magnetic Particle Inspection

230 Liquid Penetrant Inspection

240 Radiographic Inspection

250 Ultrasonic Inspection

260 Eddy Current Testing

300 DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

310 Free-Bend Test

320 Guided-Bend Test

330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test

350 Fillet-Welded Joint Test

360 Etching Test

370 Tensile Strength Test

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 13 Layout and Fabrication of Sheet-Metal and Fiber and Glass Duct

Chapter 13

Layout and Fabrication of Sheet Metal and Fiberglass Duct

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 TOOLS and EQUIPMENT

110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber

112 Flat Steel Square

113 Combination Square

114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points

118 Circumference Ruler

120 Cutting Tools

130 Sheet Metal Bending and Forming Equipment

131 Stakes

132 Other Forming Tools

1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes

1323 Roll Forming Machine

1324 Combination Rotary Machine

200 SHEET METAL DEVELOPMENT

210 Parallel Line Development

220 Radial Line Development

230 Triangular Development

240 Fabrication of Edges Joints Seams and Notches

241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches

300 JOINING and INSTALLING SHEET METAL DUCT

310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams

400 SHEET METAL DUCT SYSTEMS

410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material

440 Reinforcement and Support

450 Flexible Connections

460 Hanging Duct

500 FIBERGLASS DUCT SYSTEMS

510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 14 Fiber Line

Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE

110 Types of Natural Fiber Line

111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton

120 Types of Synthetic Fiber Lines

130 Fabrication of Line

131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines

140 Types of Lays of Line

141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid

150 Size Designation

160 Handling and Care of Fiber Line

161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing

170 Strength of Fiber Line

171 Breaking Strength

172 Safe Working Load

173 Safety Factor

174 Breaking Strength of Nylon Line

180 Knots Bends and Hitches

181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot

183 Figure-Eight Knot

184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch

190 Splicing Fiber Line

191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice

1100 Splicing Nylon Line

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 15 Wire Rope

Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel

123 Improved Plow Steel

130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection

161 Tensile Strength

162 Crushing Strength

163 Fatigue Resistance

164 Abrasion Resistance

165 Corrosion Resistance

170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices


1121 Coiling and Uncoiling

1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends

1124 Sizes of Sheaves

1125 Seizing and Cutting

1130 Inspection

1140 Cleaning and Lubricating

1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 16 Rigging

Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

100 BLOCK and TACKLE

110 Terminology

120 Block Construction

130 Block to Line Ratio

140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle

164 Single-luff Tackle

165 Twofold Purchase

166 Double-Luff

167 Three-fold Purchase

168 Compound Tackle

170 Allowance for Friction

180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS

210 Slings and Rigging Gear Kits

220 Wire Rope Slings

230 Fiber Line Sling

231 Synthetic Web Slings

240 Chain Slings

241 Metal Mesh Slings

250 Using Wire Rope and Fiber Slings

251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle

260 Sling Inspection


262 Synthetic Round Slings


264 Wire Mesh Slings

265 Alloy Chain Slings

270 Proof Testing Slings

280 Safe Working Loads of Slings

290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection

320 Safe Working Loads


400 ADDITIONAL LIFTING EQUIPMENT

410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles


422 Mousing a Shackle

430 Beam Clamps

500 OTHER LIFTING EQUIPMENT

510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks

540 Planks and Rollers

550 Blocking and Cribbing

560 Scaffolds

561 Planking and Runway Scaffold

562 Swinging Platform Scaffold

563 Needle-Beam Scaffold

564 Boatswainrsquos Chair

565 Safety

600 FIELD-ERECTED HOISTING DEVICES

610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket

613 Combination-Picket

614 Combination Log Picket

615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears

700 SAFE RIGGING OPERATING PROCEDURES

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 17 Pre-Engineered Structures

Chapter 17

Pre-Engineered Structures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

100 PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS

110 Pre-Erection Work

120 Erection Procedures

121 Bolting Rigid Frames

122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods

125 Brace Angles and Base Angles

126 End-Wall FramingDoorsWindows

127 Sheeting

128 Building Insulation

129 Multiple buildings Set Side by Side

130 Disassembly Procedures

131 Marking

200 K-SPAN BUILDINGS

210 ABM 120 System

211 Operating Instructions

212 Machinery Placement

213 Foundations

214 Building Erection

220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS

310 Assembly and Erection of Sections

320 Dismantling a Tower

400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers

420 Freestanding Towers

430 Tower Assembly

440 Erection of Guyed Towers

441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying

451 Temporary Guying

452 Permanent Guying

4521 Single-Guy Layer

4522 Two-Guy Layers

4523 Three-Guy Layers

453 Guy Tension

4531 Initial Tension

4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor

4542 Expansion Anchor

4543 Concrete Anchor

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 18 Introduction to Structural Steel

Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites

100 STRUCTURAL STEEL MEMBERS

110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES

900 PURLINS GIRTS AND EAVE STRUTS

Summary

Review Questions




SW Basic Ch 19 Introduction to Reinforcing Steel

Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

100 REINFORCED CONCRETE

110 Concrete Materials

120 Concrete Strength

130 Purposes and Types of Reinforcing Steel

131 Reinforcing Bars

132 Tension in Steel

140 Additional Types of Reinforcing Steel

141 Expanded Metal

142 Welded Wire Fabric

143 Sheet-Metal Reinforcement

Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover

dReturnButtonSWB07PG0

returnTxt1SWB07PG0 Remediation Page Click anywhere on this page to return











btnPLENUM

tfP4W20 The state or space in which a gas usually air is contained at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure

btnIONIZED

tfP4W138 A gas is acted upon by the intense heat of plasma causing a net electric charge by adding or removing one or more electrons

tfP4W291 The deposit that forms on the surface of a metal as it oxidizes This deposit increases the melting temperature of the metal causing uneven flow of welding material and therefore a bad weld

btnOXIDATION

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tfP5W186 The oxidized material that melts during cutting and adheres to the workpiece

btnDROSS

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tfP8W156 The groove or cut made by the cutting torch

btnKERF




tfP9W59 A grey metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons

btnHAFNIUM
















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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName

Prerequisites None This course map shows all of the chapters in Steelworker Basic The suggested training order begins at the bottom and proceeds up Skill levels increase as you advance on the course map


S T E E L W O R K E R

B A S I C


Pre-Engineered Structures Buildings K-Spans Towers and Antennas

Rigging

Wire rope

Fiber Line

Layout and Fabrication of Sheet-Metal and Fiberglass Duct


Flux Cored Arc Welding-FCAW

Gas-Metal Arc Welding-GMAW

Gas-Tungsten Arc Welding-GTAW

Shielded Metal Arc Welding-SMAW



Gas Welding

Gas Cutting




NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-2








NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-3






NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-4




ionized

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-5






NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-6






bull Power source





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-7





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-8






































A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20



moisture










































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

dQuestionSWB07KC5a1

dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

dQuestionSWB07PC2a4

dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

dQuestionSWB07PC3a2

dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

dQuestionSWB07PC3a4

dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

dQuestionSWB07PC4a3

dQuestionSWB07PC4a4

dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

dQuestionSWB07PC5a2

dQuestionSWB07PC5a3

dQuestionSWB07PC5a4

dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

dQuestionSWB07PC6a2

dQuestionSWB07PC6a3

dQuestionSWB07PC6a4

dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

dQuestionSWB07PC7a2

dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

dQuestionSWB07PC7a4

dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

dQuestionSWB07PC8a2

dQuestionSWB07PC8a3

dQuestionSWB07PC8a4

dQuestionSWB07PC9a1

dQuestionSWB07PC9a2

dQuestionSWB07PC9a3

dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName








NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-3






NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-4




ionized

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-5






NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-6






bull Power source





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-7





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-8






































A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20



moisture










































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

dQuestionSWB07KC5a1

dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

dQuestionSWB07PC2a4

dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

dQuestionSWB07PC3a2

dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

dQuestionSWB07PC3a4

dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

dQuestionSWB07PC4a3

dQuestionSWB07PC4a4

dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

dQuestionSWB07PC5a2

dQuestionSWB07PC5a3

dQuestionSWB07PC5a4

dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

dQuestionSWB07PC6a2

dQuestionSWB07PC6a3

dQuestionSWB07PC6a4

dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

dQuestionSWB07PC7a2

dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

dQuestionSWB07PC7a4

dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

dQuestionSWB07PC8a2

dQuestionSWB07PC8a3

dQuestionSWB07PC8a4

dQuestionSWB07PC9a1

dQuestionSWB07PC9a2

dQuestionSWB07PC9a3

dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName






NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-4




ionized

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-5






NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-6






bull Power source





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-7





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-8






































A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20



moisture










































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

dQuestionSWB07KC5a1

dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

dQuestionSWB07PC2a4

dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

dQuestionSWB07PC3a2

dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

dQuestionSWB07PC3a4

dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

dQuestionSWB07PC4a3

dQuestionSWB07PC4a4

dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

dQuestionSWB07PC5a2

dQuestionSWB07PC5a3

dQuestionSWB07PC5a4

dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

dQuestionSWB07PC6a2

dQuestionSWB07PC6a3

dQuestionSWB07PC6a4

dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

dQuestionSWB07PC7a2

dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

dQuestionSWB07PC7a4

dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

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dQuestionSWB07PC8a3

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dQuestionSWB07PC9a1

dQuestionSWB07PC9a2

dQuestionSWB07PC9a3

dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName




ionized

NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-5






NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-6






bull Power source





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-7





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-8






































A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20



moisture










































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

dQuestionSWB07KC5a1

dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

dQuestionSWB07PC2a4

dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

dQuestionSWB07PC3a2

dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

dQuestionSWB07PC3a4

dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

dQuestionSWB07PC4a3

dQuestionSWB07PC4a4

dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

dQuestionSWB07PC5a2

dQuestionSWB07PC5a3

dQuestionSWB07PC5a4

dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

dQuestionSWB07PC6a2

dQuestionSWB07PC6a3

dQuestionSWB07PC6a4

dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

dQuestionSWB07PC7a2

dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

dQuestionSWB07PC7a4

dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

dQuestionSWB07PC8a2

dQuestionSWB07PC8a3

dQuestionSWB07PC8a4

dQuestionSWB07PC9a1

dQuestionSWB07PC9a2

dQuestionSWB07PC9a3

dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName






NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-6






bull Power source





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-7





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-8






































A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20



moisture










































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

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dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

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dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

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dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

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dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName






bull Power source





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-7





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-8






































A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20



moisture










































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

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dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















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dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










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dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName





NAVEDTRA 14250A 7-8






































A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20



moisture










































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName






































A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20



moisture










































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

dQuestionSWB07KC5a1

dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

dQuestionSWB07PC2a4

dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

dQuestionSWB07PC3a2

dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

dQuestionSWB07PC3a4

dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

dQuestionSWB07PC4a3

dQuestionSWB07PC4a4

dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

dQuestionSWB07PC5a2

dQuestionSWB07PC5a3

dQuestionSWB07PC5a4

dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

dQuestionSWB07PC6a2

dQuestionSWB07PC6a3

dQuestionSWB07PC6a4

dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

dQuestionSWB07PC7a2

dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

dQuestionSWB07PC7a4

dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

dQuestionSWB07PC8a2

dQuestionSWB07PC8a3

dQuestionSWB07PC8a4

dQuestionSWB07PC9a1

dQuestionSWB07PC9a2

dQuestionSWB07PC9a3

dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName









































Under 40 5 5

40-60 6 6

60-80 8 8

80-300 8 9

300-400 9 12

400-800 10 14













matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

dQuestionSWB07KC5a1

dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

dQuestionSWB07PC2a4

dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

dQuestionSWB07PC3a2

dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

dQuestionSWB07PC3a4

dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

dQuestionSWB07PC4a3

dQuestionSWB07PC4a4

dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

dQuestionSWB07PC5a2

dQuestionSWB07PC5a3

dQuestionSWB07PC5a4

dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

dQuestionSWB07PC6a2

dQuestionSWB07PC6a3

dQuestionSWB07PC6a4

dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

dQuestionSWB07PC7a2

dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

dQuestionSWB07PC7a4

dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

dQuestionSWB07PC8a2

dQuestionSWB07PC8a3

dQuestionSWB07PC8a4

dQuestionSWB07PC9a1

dQuestionSWB07PC9a2

dQuestionSWB07PC9a3

dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName











matter





























operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

dQuestionSWB07KC5a1

dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

dQuestionSWB07PC2a4

dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

dQuestionSWB07PC3a2

dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

dQuestionSWB07PC3a4

dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

dQuestionSWB07PC4a3

dQuestionSWB07PC4a4

dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

dQuestionSWB07PC5a2

dQuestionSWB07PC5a3

dQuestionSWB07PC5a4

dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

dQuestionSWB07PC6a2

dQuestionSWB07PC6a3

dQuestionSWB07PC6a4

dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

dQuestionSWB07PC7a2

dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

dQuestionSWB07PC7a4

dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

dQuestionSWB07PC8a2

dQuestionSWB07PC8a3

dQuestionSWB07PC8a4

dQuestionSWB07PC9a1

dQuestionSWB07PC9a2

dQuestionSWB07PC9a3

dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName





















operations





incoming AC



duty cycle of 70

A 3 B 7 C 30 D 70
























the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

dQuestionSWB07KC4a4

dQuestionSWB07KC5a1

dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

dQuestionSWB07PC2a4

dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

dQuestionSWB07PC3a2

dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

dQuestionSWB07PC3a4

dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

dQuestionSWB07PC4a3

dQuestionSWB07PC4a4

dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

dQuestionSWB07PC5a2

dQuestionSWB07PC5a3

dQuestionSWB07PC5a4

dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

dQuestionSWB07PC6a2

dQuestionSWB07PC6a3

dQuestionSWB07PC6a4

dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

dQuestionSWB07PC7a2

dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

dQuestionSWB07PC7a4

dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

dQuestionSWB07PC8a2

dQuestionSWB07PC8a3

dQuestionSWB07PC8a4

dQuestionSWB07PC9a1

dQuestionSWB07PC9a2

dQuestionSWB07PC9a3

dQuestionSWB07PC9a4





















































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName





















the workpiece







characteristic





























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

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dQuestionSWB07KC5a2

dQuestionSWB07KC5a3

dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















dQuestionSWB07KC7a1

dQuestionSWB07KC7a2

dQuestionSWB07KC7a3

dQuestionSWB07KC7a4

dQuestionSWB07KC8a1

dQuestionSWB07KC8a2

dQuestionSWB07KC8a3

dQuestionSWB07KC8a4










dQuestionSWB07PC1a1

dQuestionSWB07PC1a2

dQuestionSWB07PC1a3

dQuestionSWB07PC1a4

dQuestionSWB07PC2a1

dQuestionSWB07PC2a2

dQuestionSWB07PC2a3

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dQuestionSWB07PC3a1

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dQuestionSWB07PC3a3

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dQuestionSWB07PC4a1

dQuestionSWB07PC4a2

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dQuestionSWB07PC5a1

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dQuestionSWB07PC6a1

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dQuestionSWB07PC7a1

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dQuestionSWB07PC7a3

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dQuestionSWB07PC8a1

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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName

























shade numbers

A Z491 B Z591 C Z691 D Z791



to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

dQuestionSWB07KC1a4





btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

dQuestionSWB07KC2a2

dQuestionSWB07KC2a3

dQuestionSWB07KC2a4











btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















dQuestionSWB07KC4a1

dQuestionSWB07KC4a2

dQuestionSWB07KC4a3

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dQuestionSWB07KC5a4
















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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName


to the workpiece












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

SW Basic Back Cover













btnPLENUM


btnIONIZED



btnOXIDATION

dQuestionSWB07KC1a1

dQuestionSWB07KC1a2

dQuestionSWB07KC1a3

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btnDROSS

dQuestionSWB07KC2a1

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btnKERF





btnHAFNIUM
















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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName






Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9R581Ftmppdf

Instruction Page

SW Basic Cover

SW Basic Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Ferrous Metals

111 Iron

112 Steel




220 Spark Test

230 Chip Test

240 Magnetic Test

250 Hardness Test

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




210 Heating Stage

220 Soaking Stage

230 Cooling Stage



410 Annealing

411 Ferrous Metal


420 Normalizing

430 Hardening

431 Case Hardening

4311 Carburizing

4312 Cyaniding

4313 Nitriding

432 Flame Hardening

440 Tempering

500 QUENCHING MEDIA


511 Water

512 Brine

513 Oil

514 Caustic Soda

520 Dry Quenching

521 Air

522 Solids

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives



110 Gas Welding



120 Arc Welding









210 Filler Metals

220 Fluxes

230 Weld Joints

240 Parts of Joints

250 Types of Welds

260 Parts of Welds


310 Butt Joints

320 Corner Joints

330 Tee Joints

340 Lap Joints

350 Edge Joints





512 Heat Input

513 Preheat







700 DRAWINGS


711 Lines

712 Dimensions

713 Notes

714 Views


720 Welding Symbol


722 Dimensioning

723 Supplementary


725 Multiple-Weld


800 SAFETY

810 Eye Protection

820 Welding Helmet


840 Area Awareness

Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 4

Gas Cutting

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Acetylene

111 Hazards

112 Cylinder Design

120 MAPP Gas

121 Cylinder Design


123 Bulk MAPP Gas

124 MAPP Gas Safety

130 Oxygen

140 Regulators




150 Hoses

160 Cutting Torches

161 Torch Body





210 Equipment Setup


212 Neutral Flame

213 Oxidizing Flame









280 Piercing Holes

29 0 Cutting Rivets




310 Drag Lines

320 Side Smoothness


340 Slag Conditions



420 Cylinders


4211 Color Warnings


4213 Decals




Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5

Gas Welding

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Welding Torches

120 Filler Rods


210 Operation


212 Equipment Setup



221 Torch Gas Leaks


223 Regulator Leaks






350 Ferrous Metals


361 Copper





366 Lead



3672 WELDING RODS

3673 Welding Fluxes



370 Welding Pipe

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6


Topics

Overview

Objectives


100 SOLDERING

110 Equipment

111 Sources of Heat





1113 Gas Torches

112 Soft Solder







113 Fluxes




121 Sweat Soldering

122 Seam Soldering


200 BRAZING

210 Equipment

211 Heating Devices

212 Filler Metals

213 Fluxes

220 Joint Design

221 Lap Joints

222 Butt Joints

223 Scarf Joints



232 Work Support

233 Fluxing

234 Brazing

235 Silver Brazing

300 BRAZE WELDING

310 EQUIPMENT

311 Filler Metal

312 Flux


400 WEARFACING





421 Preheating

422 Application

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Description




211 Power Source


213 Cutting Speed

220 Consumables

221 Swirl Ring

222 Electrode

223 Tip

224 Retaining Cup

225 Shields




229 Cutting Gases




320 Contact Starts





510 Kerf

520 Bevel Angle

530 Drag Line

540 Top Rounding

550 Dross



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


230 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources











320 Controls


340 Welding Cables

350 Ground Clamps

360 Accessories



410 Classification

420 Sizing





434 Welding Current








510 Industries






516 Structures

517 Ships

518 Transportation





530 Wearfacing


532 Preheating

533 Techniques


5332 Shovel teeth









613 Microstructure

620 Metals Weldable

621 Steels

6211 Mild Steels






622 Cast Irons

6221 Gray Cast Iron





710 Strength

720 Position

730 Thickness

740 Accessibility






7622 Joint Type



7632 Joint Type




7642 Type of Welds

765 Pipe welding




766 Tack welding

767 Spacers




810 Fixed Variables

811 Electrode Type

812 Electrode Size

813 Current Type


821 Welding Current

822 Travel Speed





8243 Peening







1030 Preheating




1112 Wagon Tracks

1113 Porosity


1115 Undercutting

1116 Lack of Fusion

1117 Overlapping

1118 Burn Through

1119 Arc Strikes

11110 Craters


1120 Cracking

1130 Other Problems

1131 Arc Blow


1133 Fingernailing


1210 Cleaning




1240 Postheating







1400 WELDING SAFETY


1420 Arc Radiation





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems


310 Power Sources



321 Direct Current

322 Pulsed Current









340 Controls

350 Welding Torches


370 Welding Cables

380 Other Equipment



383 Motion Devices


410 Equipment Setup







510 Electrodes

520 Shielding Gases

521 Argon

522 Helium



525 Nitrogen

530 Filler Metals

531 Classification

532 Sizing


550 Conformances


610 Industries



613 Ships

614 Aerospace

615 Transportation



618 Miscellaneous






713 Microstructure

720 Weldable Metals





725 Steels


7252 Cast Iron




727 Other Metals


810 Types of Metal

820 Strength

830 Position

840 Thickness

850 Accessibility






910 Fixed Variables


912 Electrode Size





921 Welding Current

922 Travel Speed











1150 Preheating





1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting


1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-through

1219 Arc Strikes

12110 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow




1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating



1411 Mild Steel


1413 Aluminum






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer



223 Spray Transfer



310 Power Sources







320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders

340 Welding Guns




360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories








470 Burn Back

480 Bird Nests


510 Shielding Gases

511 Argon

512 Helium

513 Carbon Dioxide





518 Nitrogen


530 Electrodes

531 Classification

532 Sizing




610 Industries





615 Structures

616 Ships

617 Railroads

618 Automotive

619 Aerospace









713 Microstructure

720 Metals Weldable





725 Steels









810 Strength

820 Position

830 Thickness

840 Accessibility

841 Backing Strips

850 Types of Metal


861 Welding Symbols




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Size




922 Welding Current


924 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating



1211 Inclusions

1212 Porosity


1214 Undercutting


1216 Overlapping

1217 Melt-through

1218 Whiskers


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating






1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary





Chapter 11


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites






210 Arc Systems

220 Metal Transfer


310 Power Sources






320 Controls

330 Wire Feeders


340 Fume Extractors


360 Welding Cables

370 Other Equipment


372 Motion Devices

373 Accessories









510 Shielding Gas

511 Carbon Dioxide



520 Electrodes

521 Classification




610 Industries

611 Structures

612 Ships


614 Railroads


616 Heavy Equipment







740 Microstructure

750 Metals Weldable

751 Steels








810 Process Method

820 Type of Metal

830 Strength

840 Position

850 Thickness

860 Accessibility

861 Backing Strips






8822 Joint Type



8832 Joint Type



8842 Type of Welds

885 Pipe welding




886 Tack welding

887 Spacers




910 Fixed Variables

911 Electrode Type

912 Electrode Size


921 Welding Current


923 Travel Speed









1140 Preheating




1212 Wagon Tracks

1213 Porosity


1215 Undercutting

1216 Lack of Fusion

1217 Overlapping

1218 Melt-Through


12110 Arc Strikes

12111 Craters

1220 Cracking

1230 Other Problems

1231 Arc Blow





1310 Cleaning



1340 Postheating





1500 WELDING SAFETY


1520 Arc Radiation






Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 12


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 INTRODUCTION









310 Free-Bend Test


330 Nick-Break Test

340 Impact Test


360 Etching Test


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Layout Tools

111 Scriber



114 Protractor

115 Prick Punch

116 Dividers

117 Trammel Points


120 Cutting Tools


131 Stakes


1321 Bar Folder

1322 Brakes








241 Edges

242 Joints

243 Seams

244 Notches


310 Metal Screws

320 Rivets

330 Riveted Seams


410 Shop Procedures

420 Shop Drawings

430 Duct Material



460 Hanging Duct


510 Characteristics

520 Fabrication

530 Installation

600 SAFETY

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14

Fiber Line

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 FIBER LINE


111 Manila

112 Sisal

113 Hemp

114 Coir

115 Cotton



131 Fibers

132 Yarns

133 Strands

134 Lines


141 Hawser-Laid

142 Shroud-Laid

143 Cable-Laid



161 Uncoiling

162 Uncoiling Nylon

163 Making Up

164 Whipping

165 Inspecting

166 Storing




173 Safety Factor



181 Line Parts

182 Overhand Knot


184 Square Knot

185 Sheepshank

186 Bowline

187 French Bowline

188 Spanish Bowline

189 Running Bowline

1810 Becket Bend

1811 Clove Hitch

1812 Scaffold Hitch

1813 Barrel Hitch


191 Eye Splice

192 Short Splice

193 Long Splice

194 Back Splice


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 15

Wire Rope

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WIRE ROPE

110 Construction

111 Wires

112 Strands

113 Core

120 Grades

121 Mild Plow Steel

122 Plow Steel


130 Lays

140 Lay Length

150 Classification

160 Selection






170 Measuring


190 Failure

1100 Attachments

1110 End Fittings

1111 Clips

1112 Clamps

1113 Thimble

1114 Wedge Socket

1115 Basket Socket

11151 Dry Method

11152 Poured Method

1116 Splices



1122 Kinks

1123 Reverse Bends



1130 Inspection


1150 Storage

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 16

Rigging

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Terminology



140 Types of Blocks

141 Standing

142 Traveling

143 Snatch

150 Reeving Blocks

160 Types of Tackle

161 Single-whip

162 Runner

163 Gun Tackle



166 Double-Luff


168 Compound Tackle


180 Block Safety

200 SLINGS





240 Chain Slings



251 Endless

252 Single Leg

253 Bridle









290 Sling Angle

2100 Storage

300 CHAINS

310 Inspection




410 Hooks

411 Slip Hooks

412 Grab Hooks

413 Mousing a Hook

414 Inspection

415 Hook Strength

420 Shackles



430 Beam Clamps


510 Spreader Bars

520 Pallets

530 Jacks



560 Scaffolds





565 Safety


610 Holdfasts

611 Natural Types

612 Single-Picket



615 Deadman

616 Steel Picket

620 Gin Poles

630 Tripods

640 Shears


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 17


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





122 Frame Erection

123 Brace Rods

124 Sag Rods



127 Sheeting




131 Marking


210 ABM 120 System



213 Foundations


220 ABM 240 System

300 STEEL TOWERS



400 ANTENNA TOWERS

410 Guyed Towers


430 Tower Assembly


441 Davit Method

442 Gin Pole Method

443 Hand Assembly

450 Guying




4522 Two-Guy Layers


453 Guy Tension


4532 Final Tension

454 Guy Anchors

4541 Screw Anchor



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 18


Topics

Overview

Prerequisites


110 Terminology

111 W-Shape

112 Bearing Pile

113 S-Shape

114 C-Shape

115 Angle

116 Plate

117 Bar

200 ANCHOR BOLTS

300 BEARING PLATES

400 COLUMNS

500 GIRDERS

600 BEAMS

700 BAR JOISTS

800 TRUSSES


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 19


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites








141 Expanded Metal



Summary

Review Questions




APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

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Chapter 7 Plasma Arc Cutting Operations - NAVY material/14250a/14250A_ch7.pdf · Chapter 7 Plasma...

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