Chapter 7

Los Angeles

W. Africa Arabian Peninsula

Rome Constantinople

India

Mexico

CHINA

Korea

Japan

900 800 700 600 400 300 200 100

100 200 300 400 600 700 800 900

1100 1200 1300 1400 1600 1700 1800 1900

900 800 700 600 400 300 200 100

100 200 300 400 600 700 800 900

1100 1200 1300 1400 1600 1700 1800 1900

•The Han dynasty collapsed in 220

•China split into several rival and competing kingdoms ruled by military leaders •Disorder during this period of time

•Fighting; kingdoms were divided; separated or broken-up

•They were not joined together as a union or a nation = DISUNION

•This time period was known as the Period of Disunion

1.Period of Disunion (220-589)

*Disorder was very common throughout Chinese history

* After each dynasty collapsed, another Period of Disorder would occur.

Cultural Blending2. nomads

3. The northern Chinese moved south to escape the nomadic invaders

2. nomadic invaders who took over China

3. The northern and southern China did not adopt the nomad’s culture

Cultural Blending

4. Cultural blending

4. Instead, the northern and southern Chinese developed their own culture by:

(a) dressing alike (b) same music (c) art (d) food (e) clothing, etc.

#5.

3 Important Dynasties

5. Dynasties in order

•First Dynasty•Second Dynasty•Third Dynasty

SuiTangSong

The Sui Dynasty 6. The dynasty that ended the Period of Disunion (a) the emperor who unified China - he created the Sui Dynasty (b) this canal linked northern and southern China

6. Lasted from 589-618

(a) Yang Jian-reunified and restored order

(b) Grand Canal -helped leaders restore order

Sui Dynasty (589-618)(a) reunifies/ restores order

(b) begins building the Grand Canal linking north and south

7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167(a) this dynasty was formed after the Sui was over thrown

(b) it lasted approx. 300 years.

(c) it grew include eastern and central Asia

(d) The Golden Age of Chinese civilization

7. The Tang

Dynasty

-art, learning

-culture

This period of time was

known as the Golden Age

-art

-learning

-culture

The “golden age”1. Culture flourished2. Capital: Chang’an (Xi’an) a. largest city in the world

The Tang Dynasty (618- 907)• expanded the empire into east and

central Asia

7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167

(f) One of the greatest rulers of this dynasty

-conquered new land -reformed the military

-created new laws

(f) Taizong

Empress Wu

First female empress to rule China

7. The Tang Dynasty, pg. 167(g) first female empress

-ruled China with an iron

fist (very mean)

-she was not well-liked

(g) Empress Wu

-she did not feel

her sons were worthy to rule when her husband died

8. After the Tang Dynasty fell(a) China fell into

another Period of Disunion

(b) Five Dynasties and and Ten Kingdoms

(b) Another Period

of Disunion

-fighting -China was

not

united

9. The Song Dynasty (a) Ruled for 300 years

(b) Improvements

-Buddhism -Reunified -

Confucianism

-Daoism

(a) China was reunified again

under the Song Dynasty

(b) Great accomplishments

-helped reunify China-China was united again-Chinese philosophy-an organized religion that developed during this time period

IV. Song Dynasty (960-1279)

2. A faster ripening rice was discovered,result: 2 to 3 times more rice produced

a. population increased

Great advances in farming methods 1. wheat in the north & rice in the

south

10. Song Dynasty(a) The workers during the

Song Dynasty learned to dig underground wells

(b) dragon backbone pump

- allows 1 pump to do the work of many workers

-the pump was light & portable

(a) advances in agriculture

(b) Improved technology

11. City Life (a) Chang’an - largest city & capital of Tang

(b) Trade city-mix of cultures

-China, Korea, Persia, Arabia, Europe

12. Trade(a) The Grand Canal -a series of waterways that linked major cities

-transported people, goods, crops

-enabled China to benefit from trade

-cities became richer and bigger

Grand Canal

12. Trade (continued)

-construction began with the Sui and Tang Dynasties

-it was built to transport rice and other foods from the south to feed China’s cities and armies in the north.

-an important transportation link (linking the north to the south)

Grand Canal

Artists and Poets – p. 173Song Dynasty

Li Quingzhao greatest female poet

Clay figurines

Porcelain

Celadon-pale green glaze

Important Inventions: Paper, p. 174Invented during Han DynastyCheap & easy way to keep recordsMade printing possibleMade paper currency or money possible

Important Inventions: Porcelain – p. 1741st made in Tang DynastyMade better in SongImportant trade item

Important Inventions: Woodblock Printing – p. 174Invented in Tang Dyn-centuries before known

in EuropeForm of printing in which an entire page is

carved into a block of woodInk is applied & paper pressed onto block to

create pageMuch faster than doing it by hand1st known printed book in 868

Important Inventions: Gunpowder – p. 174A mixture or powders used in guns or

explosivesLate Tang or early Song1st used to make fireworks or signalsNot generally used as a weaponLater used to make bombs & rocketsEventually used for guns, explosives,

firearms, & cannonsChanged how wars were fought &

therefore changed human history

Important Inventions: Moveable Type – p. 174Invented in Song DynastyMade printing much fasterCarved letters could be rearranged & reused

to print many different things, like books

Important Inventions: Magnetic Compass, p. 174

Used the earth’s magnetic field to show direction

Revolutionized (changed and improved) travel

Allowed sailors & merchants to travel vast (far) distances

Most important factor that improved sailing voyages in history

Important Inventions: Paper Money – p. 174Invented by Song DynastyLighter & easier to use than coinsMade it easier to manage their wealth

Chapter 7, Section 3

Confucian Ideas – p.177Teachings focused on ethics or proper

behavior for individuals & governmentsPeople should follow 2 basic principles-Ren-concern for othersLi-appropriate behaviorSociety would work best if everyone followed

ren and li

Confucian Ideas – p. 177Everyone had a proper role in societyOrder was maintained if everyone knew their

roles and behaved appropriatelyEx. – young people should obey their eldersEx. – subjects should obey their rulers

The Influence of Confucianism – p.177At first, his ideas not widely followed after his

deathHan Dyn.-comes into favorBecomes the official state philosophy

The Influence of Confucianism – p. 177Period of Disunion-overshadowed by

BuddhismSui & early Tang-Buddhism very influential-

promising escape from sufferingConfucianism, which stressed ethics, lost

some influence, but still important

Neo-Confucianism – p. 178Late in Tang Dyn.-renewed interest in

Confucianismbecause scholars wanted to improve govt. &

societyNeo-Confucianism develops during & after

the Song DynastyNeo means new

Neo-Confucianism – p. 178Neo-Confucianism-similar to old philosophy

because it taught proper behaviorIt also emphasized spiritual matters (new

part)Much more influential under Song and even

more laterIdeas became official govt. teachings after

Song

Confucius QuotesA superior man is modest in his speech, but

exceeds in his actions. Choose a job you love, and you will never

have to work a day in your life. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but

in rising every time we fall. Success depends upon previous preparation,

and without such preparation there is sure to be failure.

Scholar Officials – pp. 178-179Song Dyn. improved system by which

people worked for the govt.Workers formed a bureaucracy-body of

unelected govt. officialsCivil Service-means service as a govt.

officialPeople had to pass written exams to

become govt. officialsStudents were tested on Confucianism &

related ideas

Scholar-Officials – pp. 178-179Tests very difficult-took years of studyPassing meant life as a scholar-official-an

educated member of the govt.Scholar-officials were highly respected

members of society with many privilegesThis system ensured that talented people

became govt. officials

V. The Age of Buddhism (400-845) A. began in India in 500bc

B. many began practicing during the period of disunion after the fall of the Han

*these were times of trouble *people took comfort in Buddhist teachings and felt they can escape and achieve a state of peace. 1. “suffering can end through cycle

of rebirth” C. influenced art, literature, architecture D. blended with Confucianism & Daoism

BuddhismD. Buddhist teachings 1. a religion- based on teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, aka Buddha 2. Buddha means “enlightened one” 3. He lived in India 563-483 BC 4. he brought the religion to China in 200 AD

by Buddhist monks who traveled along the Silk Road

Buddhismthis comes from the curriculum. The teacher is not pushing her personal beliefs onto the students.

5. Buddhist Teachings- 4 Noble Truths (1) all life is suffering and pain (2) suffering and pain are caused by desire for wealth, pleasure, fame, power (3) to end suffering one must overcome desire (4) to over come desire, one must foll the Middle Way

Buddhism6. The Middle Way- to have morally excellent

conduct and compassion for all living things = calmness and purity of mind

Buddhism7. Reincarnation- when a person dies, the soul is

reborn in a new body

8. Nirvana- the first goal is to attain nirvana = desire nothing

9. After nirvana, a person breaks the cycle of life and death; they are no longer is reincarnated into an earthy life of suffering

10. The final goal- to devote their lives to bring others to enlightenment

DaoismA. Laozi- the first Daoist philosopher, 606-530 BC

B. Teachings- 1. the goal in life was to achieve oneness

with the Dao, a universal force connected to nature that cannot be defined, only experienced and felt

Daoism 2. humans should see themselves as part

of nature and should understand change as part of everything

3. the best way for humans to find peace is by living simply, in harmony with nature

4. observe how nature acts- sit by a river, feel a breeze, observe a cloud drifting, etc

Daoism 5. they don’t believe in strong

government, they believe happiness and pace can be achieved by thinging about nature and leading a balanced life in tune with nature; not laws or rules

6. harmony comes from balanceing the opposite forces of nature called yin and yang

Daoism 7. yin’s attributes = female, earth, dark, cold

8. yang’s attributes = male, sky, light, heat

VI. Achievements of the Tang & Song 1. irrigation: the dragon backbone pump 2. city life: busy trading centers

A. Persians, Arabs, Koreans, & Europeans 3. trade grew along with cities

A. exported: tea, rice, spices, jade

B. Silk & porcelain 1. kept technology a secret to control trade

4. Other inventions:

Woodblock printing

Magnetic compass- this instrument uses the Earth’s magnetic field to show direction; helped travels and navigators of ships to figure out the direction they are going.

Gunpowder1.The crossbow- was invented before gunpowder. It was considered as one of the most deadly weapons of this era

2.Fireworks- gun powder was invented during the Tang and Song dynasty. It was used to make fireworks

3.Warfare- gun powder was also used to make explosive devices: flares, fireworks, bombs, grenades, land mines; guns, etc.

Paper and Paper Money

Invented during the Han dynasty around 105, paper was one of the greatest of all Chinese inventions. It gave the Chinese a cheap and easy way to keep records and made printing possible.

Paper money

Printing Limited the use of Printing Paper money, see pg. 1751. Too much printing of paper money made the

value of the money go down, so money lost its value and making it worthless

Write down as many details about the following inventionsas you can…

…You will use the information for the nextproject…

VII. Confucianism and Government1. Confucius’ ideas influenced the Song Dynasty A. focused on two principles of ethics

1. ren: concern for others2. li: proper behavior

ConfucianismB. Belief System- Kong Fuzi = Confucious 1. lived in China 551-479 BC

2. developed the philosophy of life and for government

3. focused on proper conduct, respect for elders, education, and government service

4. he felt this would create a peaceful, stable society

Confucianism5. He based his ideas on ancient Chinese

traditions of respect and hard work

ConfucianismB. The Code of Behavior = 5 relationships 1. ruler and subject 2. parent and child 3. husband and wife 4. sibling and sibling 5. friend and friend

ConfucianismC. The 5 RelationshipsC. The 5 Relationships 1. he believed these relationships would be 1. he believed these relationships would be

harmonious if the people involved were loyal, harmonious if the people involved were loyal, courteous, honesty, faithful and obedient to those courteous, honesty, faithful and obedient to those in authorityin authority

2. he taught that harmony in the family would 2. he taught that harmony in the family would result in showing respect for parentsresult in showing respect for parents

3. if people followed these examples, then 3. if people followed these examples, then harmony, harmony,

and a stable society would be possibleand a stable society would be possible

2. Neo- ConfucianismA. Buddhist, Daoist, Confucius’ ideas blended together

1. emphasized spiritual matters

a. why do good people do bad things?

3. Scholar officialsA. educated government officials 1. civil service exams a. those who passed became part

of bureaucracy for life

2.created a stable, efficient government

VIII. Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368)

1. Mongol Empire A. Genghis Khan 1. invaded from north

2. bloody attacks wiped out

many towns & cities

Genghis Khan3. He was called the “Universal Ruler” a. he organized the Mongol army who brutally attacked and terrorized the people throughout Asia and Eastern Europe killing men, women and children.

Genghis KahnA powerful leader by the name of Genghis

Khan was able to unite the Mongols who lived in the vast plains north of China.

B. Kublai Khan 1215-1294

1. He ruled the Yuan Dynasty- A. foreign rule

B. largest empire in world history- he unified all of China

C. he was Genghis Khan’s grandson

D. He extended the Grand Canal (shipping food, etc)

E. He linked China to India and Persia with better roads

Kublai Kahn Kublai Khan became the ruler of the

Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China.

Marco Polo2. Marco Polo of Italy A. visits Kublai, tells Europeans of a highly civilized in China (1271-1295)

IX. The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)A. Mongols defeatedB. Forbidden City is builtC. China’s fame expands overseas

The wall appears as a thin orange band

Great Wall facts:•Built in the 15th century during the Ming Dynasty•16 to 26 feet high (area shown here)•entire wall is about 1,864 miles long

D. Great Wall rebuilt1. to protect the country and

keep the northern tribes out

1.The voyages of Zheng He proved how powerful and famous China had become 2. He made several impressive voyages in history around Asia, pg. 184

Isolationism In the early 1400s, China entered a

period of isolationism, a policy of removing a country, from contact with other countries.

E. Ming mistake? Pg. 1861. Emperor forbids foreign trade

a. policy of isolation b. isolationism- a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

b. Was this a good policy? No, this was a bad policy because it had great consequences for China. The westerners improved their technological progress gained power in some parts of China who was too weak to stop them. c. China fell behind in technological achievements and military power.

Ming DynastyThe Ming dynasty was the prosperous and

powerful dynasty that rose after the defeat of the Mongols

Instructions: create a timeline using the dates from your notes

220HanDynasty

“period of disunion” 589 Sui

Dynasty

618

907

Tang Dynasty

5 Dynasties&

10 kingdoms

960SongDynasty

Age of Buddhism 845400

1279 1368

Yuan Dynasty

1644

907

Ming Dynasty