Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding -...
Transcript of Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding -...
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Objectives for today: Explain properties of ionic and metallic
compounds using diagrams.
Bellwork:
Get a white board (one per table)and answer the questions
below:
Draw the Lewis dot structure of the formation of a compound
made a calcium and phosphorus.
What is the charge of each ion formed?
What is the formula unit of the compound?
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Ionic Bonding
• All the electrons must be accounted for, and each atom will have a noble gas configuration (which is stable).
Ca P
Lets do an example by combining
calcium and phosphorus:
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Ionic Bonding
Ca P
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Ionic Bonding
Ca2+ P
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Ionic Bonding
Ca2+ P
Ca
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Ionic Bonding
Ca2+ P 3-
Ca
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Ionic Bonding
Ca2+ P 3-
Ca P
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Ionic Bonding
Ca2+ P 3-
Ca2+ P
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Ionic Bonding
Ca2+ P 3-
Ca2+ P
Ca
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Ionic Bonding
Ca2+ P 3-
Ca2+ P
Ca
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Ionic Bonding
Ca2+ P 3-
Ca2+ P 3-
Ca2+
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Ionic Bonding
= Ca3P2 Formula Unit
This is a chemical formula, which
shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in
the smallest representative particle of the
substance.
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Draw the transfer of electrons when Al and O bond.
Draw the transfer of electrons when Mg and Br bond.
One person per table needs to open the lab.
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Chapter 7
“Ionic and Metallic Bonding”
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What were the results you saw for solubility?
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What were the results you saw for conductivity?
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What were the results you saw for melting point?
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Stable Electron Configurations
• All atoms react to try and achieve a noble gas configuration.
• Noble gases have 2 s and 6 p electrons.
• 8 valence electrons = already stable!
• This is the octet rule (8 in the outer level is particularly stable).
Ar
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Ionic Bonding • Anions and cations are held together by
opposite charges (+ and -)
• Ionic compounds are called salts. • Simplest ratio of elements in an ionic
compound is called the formula unit.
• The bond is formed through the transfer of electrons (lose and gain)
• Electrons are transferred to achieve noble gas configuration.
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Properties of Ionic Compounds 1. Crystalline solids - a regular repeating
arrangement of ions in the solid:
• Ions are strongly bonded together.
• Structure is rigid.
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Properties of Ionic Compounds
• The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
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Properties of Ionic Compounds 2. High melting points
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Do they Conduct? • Conducting electricity means allowing charges
to move. • In a solid, the ions are locked in place. • Ionic solids are insulators. • When melted (molten), the ions can move
around. 3. Melted ionic compounds conduct.
– NaCl: must get to about 800 ºC. – Dissolved in water, they also conduct (free to move
in aqueous solutions) – https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/sugar-
and-salt-solutions
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- Page 198
The ions are free to move when they are
molten (or in aqueous solution), and thus
they are able to conduct the electric current.
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Metallic Bonds are…
• How metal atoms are held together in the solid.
• Metals hold on to their valence electrons very weakly.
• Think of them as positive ions (cations) floating in a sea of electrons + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
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Sea of Electrons
• Electrons are free to move through the solid.
• Metals conduct electricity.
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
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Metals are Malleable
• Hammered into shape (bend).
• Also ductile - drawn into wires.
• Both malleability and ductility explained in terms of the mobility of the valence electrons
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Malleable
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
Force
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Malleable
• Mobile electrons allow atoms to slide by, sort of like ball bearings in oil.
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
Force
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Ionic solids are brittle
+ - + - + - + -
+ - + - + - + -
Force
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Ionic solids are brittle
• Strong Repulsion breaks a crystal apart, due to similar ions being next to each other.
+ - + - + - + -
+ - + -
Force
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Homework
• Work on Essentials