Chapter 7: Foreign Affairs in the Early Republic
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Transcript of Chapter 7: Foreign Affairs in the Early Republic
Chapter 7: Foreign Affairs in the Early Republic
Lesson 3: Foreign Relations The Era of Good Feelings
The Era of Good Feelings was the time after the War of 1812 when a
sense of national unity was forged in America. Spirit of
Nationalism in US After the War of 1812 patriotism or national
oneness Country is united, confident,and growing , 9 states joined
the original 13. One political party---Republican party Respect
from Europe Monroe first president to visit all states. Boston
newspaper declared an Era of Good Feelings had began. President
James Monroe
President James Monroe represented a united America free of
political strife. He toured the nation,and everywhere hewent
peoplecelebrated his visit. President James Monroe Relations with
European Powers
John Quincy Adams, Monroes secretary of state, worked to resolve
disputes with the British because America needed good relations
with the European power. John Quincy Adams Relations with
Britain
The Rush-Bagot Treaty set limits on the number of naval vessels
Britain and the United States could have on the Great Lakes. The
treaty also providedfor disarmament, theremoval of weapons,along
the borderbetween the UnitedStates and BritishCanada. The United
States and Britain worked together to set the American-Canadian
boundary farther west.
In a second agreementwith Britain, Americansset the boundary of
theLouisiana Territorybetween the UnitedStates and Canada at
the49th parallel.Thecountries agreed to ademilitarized border -
aborder without armedforces. Americans also gained the right to
settle in Oregon Country, a vast area extending from California to
Alaska. In the early 1800s, Spain, Britain, Russia, and the United
States claimed Oregon Country.
Spain and Russiaeventually gave up theirclaims, which left
Britainand the United States withclaims. Both countries based
theirclaims on explorations offur trappers and traders. American
presence inOregon Country grew, andin the Treaty of 1846,Britain
and the UnitedStates divided Oregon. Relations with Spain The
United States and Spain worked to settle disputes over borders in
Florida. In 1818, General AndrewJackson went beyond hisinstructions
and invadedSpanish East Florida,seizing control of twoSpanish
forts. Florida Becomes Part of US After War of 1812, Spain had
difficulty governing Florida Seminole Indians, runaway slaves, and
white outlaws conducted raids intoU.S. territory and retreated to
safety across the Florida border PresidentMonroe commissioned
General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders Jackson led a force into
Florida, destroyed Seminole villages, and hanged 2Seminole chiefs
Jackson captured Pensacola and drove out the Spanish governor The
Spanish minister to the United States protested Jacksons
actions.
Secretary of War JohnCalhoun said that Jacksonshould be
court-martialed- tried by a military court -but Secretary of
StateJohn Quincy Adamsdisagreed. Andrew Jackson Seeking to protect
their land interests, the Spanish offer Florida to the U.S.
The U.S. obtained Florida for $5 million and defined the new
boundaries between Spain and the U.S. Adams-Onis Treaty (1818)
Spain turned over western Florida along with all to the east Claims
in the Oregon Territory to the U.S. US agreed to pay $5 million to
Spain to give up any territorial claims to Texas The raid
demonstrated the strength of the U.S. military, and Spain agreed to
the Adams-Onis Treaty, in which Spain gave East Florida to the
United States and abandoned all claims to West Florida. Spanish
officials tried to keep Americans out of western territories held
by Spain, but they found this to be increasingly difficult.
Relations with Mexico Mexico won its freedom from Spain in 1821 and
gained control of the western territories. The Mexican
governmentwelcomed Americantraders and settlers intoits lands, but
laterquestioned this policy. The United States tried to buy
territory from Mexico, but Mexico refused.
American settlers in Texasrevolted, and Texas gained
itsindependence in 1836 andstatehood in 1845. These events angered
Mexico. Mexico and the United Stateswent to war the followingyear,
and Mexico wasdefeated. The two countries signed apeace treaty in
1848, givingthe United States what istoday California, Arizona,
andNew Mexico, as well as otherwestern states. Question Break #1
What did the Rush-Bagot Treaty with the British accomplish along
the northern border of the United States? What was the result of
Jacksons invasion ofSpanish East Florida in 1818? After a long
series of uprisings and borderdisputes, America went to war
with__________ in 1846. The United States and Latin America
The United States supported Latin American colonies when they began
their struggles for independence from Spain and Portugal. In Latin
America, it is a period of revolution and liberation. Chile,
Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil have gained their freedom from Spain
and Portugal. The United States recognizes them as legitimate
countries. America fears that other foreign countries like France
and Britain may now want to control these countries in Latin
America. Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who led a rebellion against
the Spanish government of Mexico.
Although Hidalgo wasexecuted, Mexicogained itsindependence in and
control ofnorthern lands. 1810, creole priest, Father Miguel
Hidalgo, made first public call for Mexicanindependence.He had a
history of challenging authority, eventually met creoles whowanted
to take power from peninsulares, helped plan rebellion.On September
16,1810, Hidalgo delivered famous speech calling for fight against
Spanish peninsulares,though not against Spain.Spanish authorities
realized Hidalgo behind growingrevolution; captured, executed
him.After death of Hidalgo, another creole priest,Jose Maria
Morelos, became leader of revolutionary movement.He too
wasexecuted.In 1820, Augustin de Iturbide became the leader of the
rebel troops.Withhis help, Mexico gained independence. Jose de San
Martin achieved independence for Chile and Peru.
Simon Bolivar led a movement that won freedom for the present-day
countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador.
Bolivar - Venezuelan General; Criollo who declared Venezuelan
independence from Spain in 1811; 1821 won Venezuelan independence
through a series of armed conflicts; Bolivia is named after Bolivar
San Martin - Known as El Liberatador Jose de San Martin achieved
independence for Chile and Peru. Americans hoped the independence
of Latin American colonies would increase trade between the United
States and Latin America and help spread American ideals. The
Monroe Doctrine France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia wanted to help
Spain regain its American holdings. President Monroe declaredthat
the Americas were nolonger to be considered forcolonization by
Europeanpowers. Monroe warned that noEuropean country
shouldinterfere in the United Statesaffairs. The presidents
proclamationwas later called the MonroeDoctrine. Warns European
nations that they cannot set up colonies or interfere in Latin
American problems anymore. The United States will protect North and
South America from any European influence. The United States will
not involve itself in European affairs militarily or politically.
(parts of California to Alaska) Northern border with British
Canada
Oregon Country (parts of California to Alaska) Northern border with
British Canada Western territory with Mexico Florida with Spain
Question Break #2 Inspired by the example of the United States,
many Latin American nations fought to gain independence from
__________ during the early 1800s. The Monroe Doctrine was intended
to keepEuropean powers out of the __________. What event led to the
creation of the MonroeDoctrine?