CHAPTER 7 FINACE
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Transcript of CHAPTER 7 FINACE
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CHAPTER 7
Design for Quality and ProductExcellence
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Product Development
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Product Development
The typical product development procconsists of six phases:
• Idea Generation
• Preliminary Concept Development • Product/Process Development
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• Full-Scale Production
• Market Introduction
• Market Evaluation
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Concurrent Engineering
- Is a process in which all maor !unctinvolved with "rin#in# a product to mare continuously involved with produdevelopment !rom conception throu#sales$
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DFSS
Desi#n !or Si% Si#ma&
-represents a structured approach to producdevelopment and a set o! tools and methodo
!or ensurin# that #oods and services will mecustomer needs and achieve per!ormanceo"ectives' and that the processes used to madeliver them achieve hi#h levels o! (uality$
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The Four Principal Activities of
•
Concept Development • Detailed Desi#n
• Desi#n )ptimi*ation
• Desi#n +eri!ication
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DMAD
-is a process wherein the principal activities DFSS are o!ten incorporated$ DM,D+ stand
• De!ine
• Measure
• ,naly*e• Desi#n
•+eri!y
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Concept Development an
!nnovation
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Concept Development
-is the process o! applyin# scienti!ic'en#ineerin#' and "usiness knowled#e produce a "asic !unctional desi#n thameets "oth customer needs and
manu!acturin# or service deliveryre(uirements$ Developin# new concepre(uires innovation and creativity
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!nnovation
- Involves the adoption o! an idea' protechnolo#y' product' or "usiness modis either new or new to its proposedapplication$
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Creativit"
- Is seein# thin#s in new or novel way)ne creativity tool that !inds e%tensiv
in product desi#n is TRIZ. It is a .
acronym which stands !or heory o Inventive Pro"lem Solvin#
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Detailed Design
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Detailed Design
- Focuses on esta"lishin# technicalre(uirements and speci!ications' whrepresent the transition !rom a desiconcept to a produci"le desi#n' whi
ensurin# that it can "e producedeconomically' e!!iciently' and with h(uality$
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A#iomatic Design
- , methodolo#y developed "y Dr$ 1a Suh !rom MI2 it is "ased on the prethat #ood desi#n is #overned "y lawsimilar to those in natural science$
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T$o A#ioms %overn the Design Pr
•
Independence ,%iom• In!ormation ,%iom
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'FD
34uality Function Development
, power!ul tool !or esta"lishin# techn
desi#n re(uirements that meet customneeds and deployin# them in su"se(u production activities$
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'FD(s H)*SES )F '*A+!T
-are linked matri%es' used "y 4FD' toensure that the voice o! the customer carried throu#hout the production/de process$
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S!- .AS!C STEPS !/ .*!+D!/% THE H)
'*A+!T,&
5$ Identi!y customer re(uirements6$ Identi!y technical re(uirements
7$ .elate the customer re(uirements to the techre(uirements
8$ Conduct an evaluation o! competin# produc
services 9$ Evaluate technical re(uirements and develop:$ Determine which technical re(uirements to d
the remainder o! the production/delivery pr
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Target and Tolerance Des
-are the ne%t step a!ter "asic technicare(uirements have "een esta"lished$
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MA/*FACT*R!/% SPEC!F!CAT!)
•
1ominal dimensions- he ideal dimension or the tar#et valuemanu!acturin# seeks to meet
• olerance
- he permissi"le variation' reco#ni*in#di!!iculty o! meetin# a tar#et consisten
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THE 0 M(s
•
Men and women• Materials
• Machines
• Methods• Measurement
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Tolerance Design
- Involves determinin# the permissi"lvariation in a dimension$
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The Taguchi +oss Functio
-!ormulated "y a ;apanese en#ineerGenichi a#uchi$
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The Taguchi +oss Functio
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DES!%/ F)R RE+!A.!+!T
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Relia1ilit"
!ormally defined as "the probability thproduct# piece of e$uipment# or systemperforms its intended function for a stperiod of time under specified operati
conditions.
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Relia1ilit"
Inherent Reliability – the predictereliability determined by the design ofproduct or process%
Achieved Reliability – the actualreliability observed during use.
THE 2 !MP)RTA/T E+EME/TS )F
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THE 2 !MP)RTA/T E+EME/TS )F
RE+!A.!+!T,
5$ Pro"a"ility
6$ ime 7$ Per!ormance - !ailure can occur when e%pe
o! per!ormance o! the intended !unction are nhere are two types o! !ailures functional fwherein there is a !actory de!ect or !aultycomponent2 and reliability failure: whicha!ter some period o! use$
8$ )peratin# conditions
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Mathematics of Relia1ili
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Ha3ard Function
,n instantaneous !ailure rate over tim It is use!ul !or characteri*in# !ailure rcurve when the distri"ution o! !ailurecharacteri*ed "y di!!erent pro"a"ilitydistri"utions than the e%ponential$
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DES!%/ )PT!M!4AT!)/
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Ro1ust Design
.e!ers to desi#nin# #oods and serviceare insensitive to variation inmanu!acturin# process and whenconsumers use them$
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DFMEA
3Desi#n Failure Mode and E!!ects ,n
ool !or proactively addressin# produ
risks$
DFMEA(s SPEC!F!CAT!)/S F)R EACH D
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DFMEA s SPEC!F!CAT!)/S F)R EACH D
E+EME/T )R F*/CT!)/&
•
Failure modes• E!!ect o! the !ailure on the consume
• Severity' likelihood o! occurrence' adetection ratin#
• Potential causes o! !ailure
• Corrective actions or controls
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FTA
3Fault ree ,nalysis&
Sometimes called =Cause and E!!ect ree ,nalysis>
, method to descri"e com"inations o!conditions or events that can lead to a !a
D
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DFM
3Desi#n !or Manu!actura"ility&
he process o! desi#nin# a product !o
e!!icient production at the hi#hest lev(uality$
DFE
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DFE
3Desi#n-For-Environment&
he e%plicit consideration o! environm
concerns durin# the desi#n o! produc processes' and includes such practicesdesi#nin# !or recycla"ility and disass
DF-
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DF-
3Desi#n !or E%cellence&
,n emer#in# concept that includes mandesi#n-related initiatives such as concur
en#ineerin#' desi#n !or manu!actura"ildesi#n !or assem"ly' desi#n !or environand other =desi#n !or> approaches$
ACT!!T!ES )F DF-
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ACT!!T!ES )F DF-
• Constantly thinkin# in terms o! how one can desi#n
manu!acture products "etter' not ust solvin# or pre pro"lems• Focusin# on =thin#s done ri#ht> rather than =thin#s
wron#> • De!inin# customer e%pectations and #oin# "eyond th
ust "arely meetin# them or ust matchin# the comp• )ptimi*in# desira"le !eatures or results' not ust
incorporatin# them• Minimi*in# the overall cost without compromisin# (
!unction
D i R i
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Design Revie$
,n approach o!ten used to !acilitate product development$ Its main purpostimulate discussion' raise (uestions' #enerate new ideas and solutions to h
desi#ners anticipate pro"lems "e!ore occur$
5 STA%ES )F DES!%/ RE!E6
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5 STA%ES )F DES!%/ RE!E6
• Preliminary
• Intermediate
• Final
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