Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a...
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a...
![Page 1: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian
Genetics
![Page 2: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell
They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked
![Page 3: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Autosomal recessive disorders take 2 copies of the recessiveEx. Albinism
Ex. Cystic fibrosisEx. Tay-Sachs disease
A carrier has 1 recessive, doesn’t show symptoms
![Page 4: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Autosomal dominant disorders less common, only take 1 dominantEx. Achondroplasia
(dwarfism)Ex. Huntington’s disease
![Page 5: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sex linked genes (those on X & Y) also affect inheritance
Since males have 1 X (XY) they show all alleles on X (even recessive)
Ex. Color blindness is more common in men 3 genes on X chromo
![Page 6: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Females are carries for sex-linked disorders
Ex. Queen Victoria carried the allele for hemophilia (on X) passed on to many in royal family
![Page 7: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Not all alleles follow the dominant vs. recessive pattern
Ex. Red flowers x white flowers = pink flowers
Incomplete dominance = neither allele is completely dominant
Heterozygous shows a blend of the traits
![Page 8: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Codominance = both alleles are expressed
Ex. Speckled chicken
Heterozygous shows both traits
![Page 9: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Human example of codominance = blood type
Controlled by 3 allels; IA, IB, i
IA and IB are codominant, i is recessive
Also an example of multiple alleles
![Page 10: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Polygenic trait = trait controlled by 2 or more genes Ex. Skin color in humans
is controlled by 4 genes
Ex. Human eye color is controlled by at least 3 genes
![Page 11: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Phenotypes can also be affected by the environment (nutrition, exercise, health care)
![Page 12: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A pedigree chart = genetic family tree (shows genos and phenos)
Squares = males; circles = females
Shaded in = has trait; not shaded = no trait
![Page 14: Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics. Karyotype = picture of all chromos in cell They can show a change in chromos whether autosomal or sex-linked.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c00f1a28abf838cca729/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pedigrees can be used to determine genotype based on whether the trait is autosomal or sex-linked, dominant vs. recessive