Chapter 7 Cardiac Emergencies

and CPR

Cardiovascular disease-#1 killer Coronary Heart (artery) disease

*when the arteries that supply blood to the heart harden and become narrow.

Signs and Symptoms of a heart attack.

• Chest pain-crushing sensation

• Pressure in chest

• Constant pain or discomfort

• Pain spread to shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, stomach or back

• Trouble breathing

• Pale, gray or ashen skin color

• Dizzy and lightheaded

• Nausea or vomiting

When to call 911

• Pain or discomfort lasts for more than 3-5 minutes.

• Pain comes and goes for 3-5 minutes.

• Shows symptoms of heart attack.

Care given• Call 911

• Have person rest

• Loosen tight clothing

• Monitor person

• Ask if they have heart disease, taking any medications or has this happened before.

• Be calm and reassuring

• Be prepared to perform CPR/use AED.

When to offer aspirin

• Ask the following questions:

• Are you allergic to aspirin?

• Do you have stomach ulcers or stomach disease?

• Are you taking blood thinners (Coumadin)?

• Have you ever been told to avoid aspirin?

• ANSWER IS NO to ALL QUESTIONS-GIVE IT 1 TABLET(325 MG) or 2 baby aspirins (81mg).

Cardiac arrest

• When the heart stops beating properly.

• Breathing stops

• Unconscious

• No heart beat

Cardiac Chain of Survival

1. Early recognition and early access to EMS

2. Early CPR

3. Early defibrillation

4. Early advanced medical care.

Each minute of delay=10% decrease in chance of survival

CPR for adults1. Check the scene2. Check the victim-are you ok? Shoulder tap3. Call 911-Get the AED4. Head tilt-chin lift5. Look, listen and feel-10 seconds6. Scan for bleeding (quickly)7. Not breathing-begin chest compressions8. 30 compressions-at least 100 per minute 2

inches deep9. Give 2 rescue breaths10. Continue until????

UNTIL?????

• AED is available• They start breathing• You are too tired to continue• Scene becomes unsafe• Another trained person takes

over

Compressions• Kneel beside person• Put hand in middle of

breastbone• Interlock fingers• Fully extend your arms• Press down on chest

using bodyweight to push chest down

• Pivot at the waist• Make compressions

smooth and rhythmic

CPR for child Infant1. Check the scene2. Check the victim-are you ok?(ask

permission)Shoulder tapFoot flick3. Call 911-Get the AED4. Head tilt-chin lift5. Look, listen and feel-10 seconds6. Give two rescue breaths over infants mouth and nose7. Scan for bleeding (quickly)8. No breathing begin chest compressions9. 30 compressions-at least 100 per minute about 2

inches 2 finger compressions- 1 ½ inch at least 100 compressions

10. Give 2 rescue breaths11. Continue until????

Compressions for child

Compressions for Infant

• Find nipple line and place one finger on it and 2 fingers next to it.

• Lift up nipple line finger and use 2 fingers for compressions.

• Hold head with other hand so airway is open.

Hands only compressions

• If you are unable to give rescue breaths (for any reason) call 911 and then give continuous chest compressions UNTIL…….

• EMS arrives• You notice signs of life• Scene becomes unsafe• Too tired to continue