Chapter 7: Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20051 Sociology: A...

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 1

Chapter 7: Bureaucracy and Formal OrganizationsChapter 7: Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations

Sociology: A Down-to-EarthSociology: A Down-to-EarthApproach 7/eApproach 7/e

Sociology: A Down-to-EarthSociology: A Down-to-EarthApproach 7/eApproach 7/e

James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinChapter Seven: Bureaucracy and Chapter Seven: Bureaucracy and

Formal OrganizationsFormal Organizations

James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinChapter Seven: Bureaucracy and Chapter Seven: Bureaucracy and

Formal OrganizationsFormal Organizations

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;any rental, lease, or lending of the program.any rental, lease, or lending of the program.



““The idea that efficiency and practical results The idea that efficiency and practical results should dominate human affairs.”should dominate human affairs.”

The Rationalization of SocietyThe Rationalization of Society



Prior—Traditional OrientationPrior—Traditional Orientation

Past Best Guide for PresentPast Best Guide for Present

Post—IndustrializationPost—Industrialization

Rationality—Most Efficient Going Rationality—Most Efficient Going

ForwardForward

Why Did Society Change?Why Did Society Change?



Marx: Capitalism Broke TraditionMarx: Capitalism Broke Tradition

Weber: Religion Broke TraditionWeber: Religion Broke Tradition

Why Did Society Change?Why Did Society Change?



““Secondary groups designed to Secondary groups designed to

achieve specific objectives.”achieve specific objectives.”

What Are Formal Organizations?What Are Formal Organizations?



Five Characteristics of BureaucraciesFive Characteristics of Bureaucracies

1.1. Clear LevelsClear Levels

2.2. Division of LaborDivision of Labor

3.3. Written RulesWritten Rules

Formal Organizations Formal Organizations and Bureaucracyand Bureaucracy



4.4. Written Communication and RecordsWritten Communication and Records

5.5. ImpersonalityImpersonality




““Ideal” vs. “Real” BureaucracyIdeal” vs. “Real” Bureaucracy

Extent of Bureaucracy—A Matter of Extent of Bureaucracy—A Matter of

DegreeDegree

Ideal vs. Actual Organizational ChartIdeal vs. Actual Organizational Chart




Red TapeRed Tape

Lack of Communication Between UnitsLack of Communication Between Units

Bureaucratic AlienationBureaucratic Alienation

Dysfunctions of BureaucraciesDysfunctions of Bureaucracies



Resisting AlienationResisting Alienation

The Alienated BureaucratThe Alienated Bureaucrat

Bureaucratic IncompetenceBureaucratic Incompetence

Dysfunctions of BureaucraciesDysfunctions of Bureaucracies



Goal DisplacementGoal Displacement

Perpetuation of BureaucraciesPerpetuation of Bureaucracies

Social Significance of BureaucraciesSocial Significance of Bureaucracies




Functions of Voluntary AssociationsFunctions of Voluntary Associations

Advance Particular InterestsAdvance Particular Interests

Offer People IdentityOffer People Identity

Govern Nations and Maintain Social OrderGovern Nations and Maintain Social Order

These Apply to All or Most Voluntary These Apply to All or Most Voluntary

AssociationsAssociations

Voluntary AssociationsVoluntary Associations



Functions of Voluntary AssociationsFunctions of Voluntary Associations Mediate Between Government and IndividualsMediate Between Government and Individuals

Help Individuals Climb Occupational LadderHelp Individuals Climb Occupational Ladder

Bring People into Political MainstreamBring People into Political Mainstream

Pave Way for Social ChangePave Way for Social Change

These Apply to Only Some Voluntary AssociationsThese Apply to Only Some Voluntary Associations




Shared InterestsShared Interests

Motivations for Joining DifferMotivations for Joining Differ

Experience High TurnoverExperience High Turnover

The Problem of OligarchyThe Problem of Oligarchy

Leaders Grow Distant from MembersLeaders Grow Distant from Members

The “Inner Group”The “Inner Group”




StereotypesStereotypes

The “Hidden” Corporate CultureThe “Hidden” Corporate Culture

Hidden ValuesHidden Values

Self-Fulfilling ProphesiesSelf-Fulfilling Prophesies

Achievement Level Affects BehaviorAchievement Level Affects Behavior

Working for the CorporationWorking for the Corporation



Develop Rather than Impede PotentialDevelop Rather than Impede Potential

Access to OpportunitiesAccess to Opportunities

Distribute Power More EvenlyDistribute Power More Evenly

Humanizing the Corporate CultureHumanizing the Corporate Culture



Work TeamsWork Teams

Corporate Day CareCorporate Day Care

Employee Stock OwnershipEmployee Stock Ownership

Quality CirclesQuality Circles

Humanizing the Corporate Culture Humanizing the Corporate Culture



The Conflict PerspectiveThe Conflict Perspective

Technology and Control of WorkersTechnology and Control of Workers

Working for the CorporationWorking for the Corporation



How They DifferHow They Differ

Hiring and PromotingHiring and Promoting

Lifetime SecurityLifetime Security

Almost Total InvolvementAlmost Total Involvement

Decision-Making by ConsensusDecision-Making by Consensus

U.S. and Japanese CorporationsU.S. and Japanese Corporations



Myth vs. RealityMyth vs. Reality

Differences Generally TrueDifferences Generally True

However, Changes AfootHowever, Changes Afoot

U.S. and Japanese CorporationsU.S. and Japanese Corporations

Chapter 7: Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20051 Sociology: A...

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 7: Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20051 Sociology: A...