Chapter 7 “A View of the Cell”Chapter 7 “A View of the Cell” p. 170 – 193p. 170 – 193

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campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/cells/index.htmwww.ndpteachers.org/perit/biology_image_galle...www.emc.maricopa.edu/.../BioBookAnimalTS.html types of organ tissue cellswww.answers.com/topic/cell-organization

COMMON CELL TRAITSCOMMON CELL TRAITS A A cellcell is the is the

smallest unit that is smallest unit that is capable of capable of performing performing life life functionsfunctions..

COMPARING CELLSCOMPARING CELLS

The The sizesize & & shapeshape of of a cell relates to its a cell relates to its functionfunction. (job it does). (job it does)

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)

cells cells withoutwithout membrane- membrane-bound structuresbound structures

EXEX: : bacteriabacteria

pond scumpond scum

Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells(yew KAYR ee yah tihk) (yew KAYR ee yah tihk)

cells cells withwith membrane-bound membrane-bound structuresstructures

EX: EX: animalsanimals, , plantsplants, , fungifungi and and protistsprotists

protectsprotects the cell the cell gives gives shapeshape is made of is made of cellulosecellulose A cell wall is found in A cell wall is found in plantsplants, , algaealgae, , fungifungi, ,

& most & most bacteriabacteria..

CELL WALLCELL WALL

CELL MEMBRANECELL MEMBRANE

Outer covering, Outer covering, protective protective layerlayer around around ALLALL cells cells

For cells with cell walls,the For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is cell membrane is inside the inside the cell wallcell wall

Allows Allows foodfood, , oxygenoxygen, & , & waterwater into the cell & into the cell & wastewaste products out of the cell.products out of the cell.

CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASM

gelatin-likegelatin-like inside cell membrane inside cell membrane constantly constantly flowsflows aka aka protoplasmprotoplasm

CYTOSKELETONCYTOSKELETON

scaffoldingscaffolding-like -like structure in cytoplasmstructure in cytoplasm

helps the cell helps the cell maintainmaintain or or changechange its shape its shape

made of made of proteinprotein

NUCLEUSNUCLEUS Directs all Directs all cell cell

activitiesactivities Contains Contains instructionsinstructions

for everything the cell for everything the cell doesdoes

These instructions are These instructions are found on a found on a hereditaryhereditary material called material called DNADNA

Usually the Usually the largestlargest organelleorganelle

NUCLEAR MEMBRANENUCLEAR MEMBRANE

separates separates nucleusnucleus from from cytoplasmcytoplasm

controls movement of controls movement of materials materials in & outin & out of of nucleusnucleus

NUCLEOLUSNUCLEOLUS

Aka “Aka “little nucleuslittle nucleus” ” Found in the Found in the nucleusnucleus Ribosomes made Ribosomes made

herehere

CHROMATINCHROMATIN

contains contains genetic codegenetic code that controls cell that controls cell made of made of DNADNA & & proteins proteins (deoxyribonucleic acid) (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Cell StructureCell Structure

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CHLOROPLASTSCHLOROPLASTS

GreenGreen organelles that organelles that make foodmake food

found only in found only in plantplant cells cells

CHLOROPHYLLCHLOROPHYLL

A green A green pigmentpigment that that gives leaves & stems gives leaves & stems their their colorcolor

Captures Captures sunlightsunlight energy that is used to energy that is used to produce produce foodfood called called glucoseglucose

Glucose is a type of Glucose is a type of sugarsugar

MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA Organelles that release Organelles that release energyenergy from from foodfood This energy is released by breaking down food This energy is released by breaking down food

into into carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide AKA the powerhouse b/c they release AKA the powerhouse b/c they release energyenergy

from from foodfood Some Some musclemuscle cells cells

have 20,000 mitochondria have 20,000 mitochondria

RIBOSOMESRIBOSOMES

Make Make proteinsproteins Float freelyFloat freely or or

attached to the attached to the endoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes are Ribosomes are made in the made in the nucleolusnucleolus

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A series of A series of folded folded

membranesmembranes that that move move materials materials (proteins) (proteins) around in a cellaround in a cell

like a like a conveyor beltconveyor belt Smooth ERSmooth ER – –

ribosomes not attached ribosomes not attached to ERto ER

Rough ERRough ER – – ribosomes ribosomes attachedattached to ER to ER

GOLGI BODIESGOLGI BODIES (GAWL jee) (GAWL jee)

Stacked Stacked flattenedflattened membranesmembranes

SortSort and and packagepackage proteins proteins

VACUOLESVACUOLES

Temporary Temporary storage storage spaces spaces

Store Store foodfood, , waterwater, , wastewaste

LYSOSOMESLYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz) (LI suh sohmz) The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill

body." body." The purpose of the lysosome is to The purpose of the lysosome is to

digestdigest things. They might be used to things. They might be used to digest digest foodfood or break down the cell or break down the cell when it dies.when it dies.

Break down Break down foodfood molecules, molecules, cell cell wasteswastes & & worn outworn out cell parts cell parts

FROM CELL TO ORGANISMFROM CELL TO ORGANISM

CellThe basic unit of life

TissueGroup of cells working together

OrganGroup of tissues working together

OrganismAny living thing made of 1 or more cells

Organ SystemGroup of organs working together

NAME THE ORGANELLENAME THE ORGANELLE

d. Mitochondria

b. Chloroplast

c. Golgi body a. Nucleus

1- Nucleus

2- Chromosomes

3- Mitochondria

4- Ribosomes

5- Chloroplasts

6- Vacuoles

7- ER

8- Cell Membrane