Chapter 7

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation

prepared by

Michael Hall

Chapter 7

Reproductive Choices:

Making Responsible Decisions

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Objectives

Discuss the different types of contraceptive methods and compare their effectiveness.

Summarize the legal decisions surrounding abortion and the various types of abortion procedures.

Discuss key issues to consider when planning a pregnancy.

Explain the importance of prenatal care and the physical and emotional aspects of pregnancy.

Describe the basic stages of childbirth. Review primary causes of and possible solutions to

infertility.


Methods Of Fertility Management

Barrier methods

Hormonal methods

Surgical methods

Other methods


Contraceptive Effectiveness and STI Prevention

Table 7.1


Barrier Methods

Male condom

Foams, suppositories, jellies, and creams

Female condom

Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly or cream

Cervical cap with spermicidal jelly or cream

Lea’s shield and FemCap

The sponge


How To Use A Condom

Figure 7.1


The Proper Method Of Applying Spermicide within the Vagina

Figure 7.3


The Proper Use and Placement of a Diaphragm

Figure 7.4


Hormonal Methods

Oral contraceptives

Progestin-only pills

Ortho Evra (the patch)

NuvaRing

Depo-Provera

Norplant and other implants (currently not on the market)


Early Warning Signs of Medical Complications for Pill Users

Figure 7.6


Surgical Methods

Sterilization

• Female

• Tubal ligation

• Hysterectomy

• Male

• Vasectomy


Sterilization

Figure 7.7


Other Methods

Intrauterine devices (IUD)

Withdrawal

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP’s)

Abstinence and “Outercourse” Fertility awareness

Cervical mucus

Body temperature

Calendar


The Fertility Cycle

Figure 7.8


Costs of Contraception

Table 7.2


ABC News: Reproduction and Childbirth

PlayVideoPlay

Video| Reproduction and Childbirth


ABC News: Reproduction and Childbirth

Discussion Questions:

How does Plan B work to prevent pregnancy?

Discuss both the pros and cons of making Plan B available as an Over-the-Counter drug.


Methods Of Abortion

Surgical abortions

• Vacuum aspiration

• Dilation and evacuations (D&E)

• Dilation and curettage (D&C)

Induction abortions

Hysterotomy

Intact dilation and extraction (D&X)


Changes During the Menstrual Cycle

Figure 7.9a


Changes During the Menstrual Cycle (continued)

Figure 7.9b


Vacuum Aspiration Abortion

Figure 7.10


Medical Abortions

Mifepristone (formerly known as RU-486) “the abortion pill” – actually involves more steps than a clinical abortion.

• First visit involves physical exam and dosage of pills

• Patient returns 2 days later for a dose of prostaglandins

• Females stays under observation for 4 hours

• A return visit 12 days later to verify complete fetus expulsion


Emotional Aspects Of Abortions

Feelings include:

• Regret

• Guilt

• Sadness

• Relief

• Happiness


Planning A Pregnancy

Emotional health

Maternal health

Paternal health

Financial evaluation

Contingency planning


Pregnancy

Prenatal care Choosing a practitioner

• Obstetrician-Gynecologist

• Family practitioner

• Midwives Alcohol and drugs

• Fetal alcohol syndrome Smoking X-rays Nutrition and exercise


Fertilization

Figure 7.11


The Process Of Pregnancy

Early signs

First trimester

Second trimester

Third trimester

“Fourth” trimester


Prenatal Testing And Screening

Amniocentesis

Amniotic sac

Ultrasound

Fetoscopy

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)


Amniocentesis

Figure 7.12


Childbirth Considerations

Choosing where to have your baby Labor and delivery

• First stage – amniotic sac breaks

• Second stage – expulsion

• Third stage – delivery of placenta Managing labor

• Medical

• Non-medical Birth alternatives Postpartum period


The Birth Process

Figure 7.13a


The Birth Process (continued)

Figure 7.13b


Complications

Preeclampsia and eclampsia

Cesarean section (C-section)

Miscarriage

Rh factor

Ectopic pregnancy

Stillbirth

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)


Infertility

Causes in women

• Endometriosis

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Causes in men

• Low sperm count


Infertility Treatment

Fertility drugs

Alternative insemination

In vitro fertilization

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Nonsurgical embryo transfer

Surrogate motherhood

Adoption

Chapter 7

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 7