CHAPTER 6: The 2nd

Industrial Revolution

I. The Technology Revolution

A. 1st (1780s-1810) about machines over manpower

B. This time, more about new tech improving efficiency

1. Electricity and gas engines developed

II. Inventions Change LifeThomas Alva Edison

Lewis Latimer

Christopher Shoals – the typewriter

AlexanderGraham Bell

Section 2:Rise of railroads

I. AdvantagesA. Reliable localB. Faster trade (biz)C. Westward expansionD. Vacations

II. TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD• Opens the west• Railroad Barons– Vanderbilt, Hill, Crocker

III. BUILDING THE RAILROAD• Union Pacific• Central Pacific• Workers

BUILDING THE RAILROAD

IV. PROMONTORY, UTAH, 1869

Sections 1 and 2 Essential Questions

1. Out of the inventions we talked about, which do you think had the greatest impact on society? Answer must be reasoned, with supporting facts, and at least five sentences.

2. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?

Section 3: Big Biz and Labor

I. The Rise of Big Business• A. 1860-1900• B. Role of Corporations• 1. Single Person by Law• 2. Stockholders • C. Advantages• 1. cheap/efficient• 2. no shutdown• 3. negotiate

II. The Consolidation of Industry• A. Andrew Carnegie and Steel• 1. Started in railroad• 2. Bessemer Process• a. cheap• b. Pittsburgh, 1875

• B. Vertical/Horizontal Integration• 1. Vertical Integration:• 2. Horizontal Integration:• C. Monopoly• 1. fear:

Big Biz Essential Questions

1. If you were a captain of industry, would you pursue horizontal integration or vertical integration? Explain your answer in a minimum 5-sentence paragraph.

Definition of explain: Use, facts, logic and reasoning to support your position.

III. Social DarwinismA. Darwinism applied to society

1. Justifies dog-eat-dog world

B. Free Enterprise principle1. Should government intervene?

IV. Robber Baron Biz Practices

A. Mergers:B. Trusts:C. Low wages, undersell others

1. What happens to competition?2. What happens to prices long-term?

Overall, what do all these mean to consumer?

labor unions

I. Reasons for Unions• A. Working conditions• 1. Specific, Repetitive• 2. Unhealthy• B. Unequal pay-to-profit ratio• 1. Wages up 50%/profits 200%• 2. Want higher wages• 3. Who would unions not • accept? • C. Deflation• 1. Money worth more• 2. Impact on wages?

II. Early Unions• A. Trade Unions:• B. Industrial Unions:• C. Industry opposes Unions• 1. Black list• 2. Detectives• 3. Lockout/Strike

• D. Political/Social opposition to big biz• 1. Socialism & IWW (Wobblies)• 2. Anarchists

• B. Knights of Labor• 1. Nationwide• 2. Arbitration • 3. 8 hrs• 4. equal pay• 5. no child labor

Labor Union Essential Questions

1. Explain why Unions were first created.

2. Why were businesses anti-union?

3. Early unions did not accept women and black workers. Why would that be? Think about the main goal of unions when considering your answer.