Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africa
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Transcript of Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africa
Chapter 6:
Sub-Saharan Africa
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Learning ObjectivesOutline the factors that contribute to the region’s rich natural resources.
Describe the elements that create coherence in this culturally diverse region.
Understand the complex interactions between population, the natural environment and economic development for Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Key ConceptsGondwanalandDesertificationTranshumanceFamineBiofuelsDensity
Physiological and Agricultural
HIV/AIDSSwidden AgriculturePastoralism
Tsetse FliesApartheidBerlin ConferenceHomelandsTownshipsPan-African MovementAfrican UnionTribalismRefugees/Internally Displaced PersonsStructural Adjustment Programs
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Setting the BoundariesAfrica south of the Sahara Desert
Similar livelihood systemsShared colonial experience
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Sub-SaharanAfrica
Figure 6.1
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Figure 6.3
Environmental Issues - Overview
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The Sahel and DesertificationSahel
Transitional Zone
Prolonged Drought
Human ImpactsOvergrazingAgricultural Expansion
Famine
Figure 6.4
Figure 6.5
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DeforestationAggravates soil erosion, moisture loss and shortage of biofuels
Impact on wildlife habitat
Figure 6.6
Figure 6.7
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Wildlife ConservationWildlife Reserves
East AfricaSouthern Africa
CITESBan on Ivory TradeFigure 6.8
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Physical Setting
Figure 6.9
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Plateaus and Basins
“Plateau Continent”
Gradually uplifted with break-up of Gondwanaland
Figure 6.11
Figure 6.10
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Climate
Figure 6.13
Imagine you are traveling from the Equator to the Tropic of Capricorn. Describe the biomes you would travelthrough based on climatic information.
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African Biomes
Figure 6.12 – Tropical Forests
Figure 6.14 – Savannas
Figure 6.15 – Deserts
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Figure 6.18
Population and Settlement
Why would physiological or agricultural density tell us more about population pressure on land resources than population density alone?
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Demographic Indicators – FertilityWhy would family size differ from region to region? Figure 6.16
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Figure 6.17
HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan AfricaWhat are some
of the impacts of high HIV/AIDS infection ratesin southern Africa?
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Settlement Patterns - RuralSubsistence Agriculture
Swidden
Plantation Agriculture
PastoralismTsetse Flies Figure 6.20
Figure 6.19
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Urban Settlement – Where?Rapidly growing
Refer back to Fig. 1.27
Ancient Cities
Colonial Cities
Ethnic and Religious Influences
Trade NetworksFigure 6.21
Downtown Lagos, Nigeria
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Accra, Ghana—Then and NowFigure 6.4.1 Figure 6.4.2
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Urban Legacies of ApartheidFigure 6.22 – Racial Segregation in Cape Town
Figure 6.23 – Residential Integration in Cape Town
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Cultural Coherence and Diversity
Sub-Saharan African identitySlaveryColonialismStruggles for independence and development
Diverse religious and language systems
CommonHistory
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Linguistic DiversityFigure 6.24
Figure 6.26 – South African Road Sign
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Religious Diversity Figure 6.27
Figure 6.28
Figure 6.29
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Geopolitical Framework - African Kingdoms
Figure 6.33
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European Imprint Early European contact
Limited by endemic diseases
Berlin Conference (1884)
Pan-African MovementDecolonization and Independence
Figure 6.34
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Establishing South Africa
- Homelands- Townships
Apartheid
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Supranational Organizations
Figure 6.37
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Political ConflictLegacies of colonial boundaries
Tribalism vs. the State (Refer back to Fig. 1.41)
Ethnic Conflicts
Secessionist Movements
Figure 6.5.1
Darfur
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Conflict and Population Movements
Figure 5.28
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African PovertyFailed development policies
DebtStructural Adjustment Programs
Food Policies
Corruption Figure 6.42 – Uncompetitive Industry
Figure 6.41 –Lack of Infrastructure
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Sub-Saharan Africa and the Global Economy
Figure 6.44
-Aid vs. Investment
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Economic Differentiation
Figure 6.6.1 – Used Clothing Trade
Figure 6.46 – Internet Café in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
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Social Development