Chapter 6 Section 2 Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation.
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Transcript of Chapter 6 Section 2 Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation.
Chapter 6 Section 2
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
OBJECTIVE:
UNDERSTAND the differences
between the Federalists
and the Jeffersonians
regarding
the French revolution
Republicans (Madison, Jefferson, et. al.) wanted the US to support France and honor the 1778 treaty of alliance with France.
Federalists (Hamilton, et al.) wanted the US to support Britain.
Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation established an American tradition of isolationism, but was popular with no one: French, British, Federalists, or Jeffersonians/Republicans.
Washington’s Neutrality
ProclamationSITUATION: Britain and France at war, again.
PROBLEM: Franco-American alliance of 1778 implies the US should side with France, but Britain will retaliate against the new, weak US and its merchant marine.
SOLUTION: Well….
Delay.Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation established an American tradition of isolationism, but was popular with no one: French, British, Federalists, or the Jeffersonians/Republicans.
Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810Citizen Edmond Genêt's visit caused the first major diplomatic crisis in the new nation. His attempts to enlist Americans in support of the French Revolution raised troubling questions about the international role of the United States. (Collection of the Albany Institute of History and Art. Bequest of George Genêt.)
Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
KEY IDEA: Jefferson resigns in 1793, frustrated with Hamilton and the administration’s policies
Native Americans Resist White Settlers1783 British operating frontier forts on US soil
1790: Gen. Harmar (US) defeated by Chief Little Turtle and the Miami Indians
1791: Gen. St. Clair (US) defeated by the Miami
1794: Gen. Wayne (US) wins
Battle of Fallen Timbers against Miami Indians,
& proves the Miami were supported by British arms/Canadians
1795: Treaty of Greenville, Indians cede Ohio to US
Jay’s Treaty & Pinckney’s Treaty
Jay’s Treaty:+ British pledge to evacuate US soil
- They should have already done this in 1783
- US bound to pay pre-revolutionary accounts to Brit. Merchants
- Jeffersonian South would have to pay the majority of these debts.
OVERALL: - Negative result
Treaty hurts Republicans, Washington, & vitalizes the Republican party
Pinkney’s Treaty:
+ Spain meets all of US demands
+ Spain concedes disputed land in N. Florida to US
+Spain grants navigation rights on the Mississippi to Americans
OVERALL: Positive Result
Growing Danger of Sectionalism
Election of 1796Adams (Federalist) receives 71 electoral votes.
Jefferson (Republican) receives 68 electoral votes.
ALMOST ALL OF JEFFERSON’S VOTES COME FROM THE SOUTH, ADAMS WINS ALMOST ALL OF HIS VOTES IN THE NORTH.
Adams becomes President, Jefferson is Vice-President.
Is the new nation already coming apart?
XYZ Affair• The French, enraged by Jay’s Treaty, abuse the
US ambassador.• Adams sends 3 men, including John Marshall, to
France.• French officials demand $250,000 bribe before
letting the Americans see Tallyrand.• Americans refuse, go home.• America authorizes a navy and the marine corps
is created.• Federalists call for all out war. Instead, for 2
years each nation captures the others ships at sea when they can.
Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798Following the X,Y,Z Affair and the Genet Affair,
Federalists accuse Republicans of being dangerous and disloyal.
Many immigrants are Republicans.The Alien and Sedition Acts are passed:
1. increase naturalization req. from 5 to 14 years2. allow the President to deport anyone he considers “undesirable.”3. Federalists use the acts to try and jail Republican editors, writers, and politicians for being “seditious.”
Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsThe Republicans consider the Alien and Sedition Act to
be an assault on the First Amendment.Jefferson and Madison draft a resolution in the Virginia
state Legislature declaring the Alien and Sedition Act unconstitutional.
Virginia and Kentucky claim the right of nullification = the power to declare null and void federal laws that go
beyond the powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution.
ENDURING QUESTION: WHO HAS THE LAST WORD?
STATES OR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT?
6.2 OrganizerCause and Effect
• French Revolution• Pinckney’s Treaty• Battle of Fallen Timbers• Election of 1796• Jay’s Treaty• XYZ Affair• Tensions b/w Federalists &
Republicans• Alien and Sedition Acts
• Edmund Genet Affair• Expansion West• Jay’s Treaty• Rising Sectionalism• XYZ Affair• Tensions b/w Federalists
& Republicans• Alien and Sedition Acts• VA & KY Resolutions
What were the differences between the Federalists and the Jeffersonians
regarding the French revolution?