Chapter 6 Review

The phase in which water exists is determined by:

a.density and pressure.

b.density and salinity.

c.pressure and salinity.

d.temperature and pressure.

e.temperature and salinity.

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring

water molecules because of:

a.electron sharing.

b.electron transfer.

c.polarity of water molecules.

d.surface tension.

e.viscosity of water.

The surface tension of water:

a.increases as density decreases.

b.is related to salinity.

c.is relatively high.

d.is relatively low.

e.is very similar to similar liquids.

Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and

oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a

result of the:

a.polarity of water molecules.

b.sharing of electrons between atoms.

c.surface tension of water.

d.transfer of electrons between atoms.

e.viscosity of water.

Many of the unique properties of water are

attributed to the fact that water:

a.contains hydrogen bonds.

b.exists in three phases at the Earth's surface.

c.is a polar molecule.

d.is a universal solvent.

e.requires heat to condense.

The amount of energy that is necessary to

raise the temperature of one gram of water

by one degree oC is called the:

a.boiling point elevation.

b.calorie.

c.latent heat of condensation.

d.latent heat of evaporation.

e.thermal capacity.

Which property of water causes coastalcommunities to have only moderatedifferences in daily highs and lows whencompared to inland communities?

a.high heat capacityb.high salinityc.high viscosityd.low heat capacitye.low viscosity

Latent heat is used to:

a.break chemical bonds.

b.change molecular structure.

c.change states of matter.

d.change the temperature of a substance.

e.form chemical bonds.

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure waterat 0oC. What happens to the temperature of themixture as heat is added?

a. It immediately begins to rise slowly.b. It remains constant until the ice melts; then it

begins to rise.c. It rises rapidly as the ice melts.d. It rises slowly until it reaches 32oC; then it

remains constant as the ice melts.e.The temperature pattern cannot be predicted.

When water evaporates from the ocean

surface:

a.energy is transferred from the atmosphere to the remaining liquid.

b.sea surface temperature increases.

c.sea surface salinity decreases.

d.the remaining water is cooled.

e.the remaining water is warmed.

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat

capacity of water is:

a.a function of salinity.

b.about the same as other liquids.

c.higher than other liquids.

d.lower than other liquids.

e.related to solvent concentration.

The average salinity of sea water is:

a.0.35%.

b.2.0%.

c.3.5%.

d.10%.

e.25%.

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

a.ocean salinity varies as a function of season.

b.ocean salinity varies with geographical location.

c. the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location.

d. the percentage of sodium varies with ocean depth.

e. the relative concentration of seawater ions does not change.

Which of the following statements regarding pH isnot true?

a.A pH of 3.0 is acidic and a pH of 10.0 is alkaline.b.As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.c. Buffers prevent large changes in the pH of a

solution.d.pH will increase in areas of rapid plant or algal

growth.e.pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in

a solution.

The average length of time that a chemical

substance resides in a reservoir is called its:

a.capacity time.

b.flow rate.

c.flux.

d.half-life.

e.residence time.

The impact of a pollutant on a coastal baymight be estimated by knowing the________ of the water in that bay.

a.carbonate concentrationb.depthc.residence timed.salinitye.sediment load

For water, the solid phase:

a.has a greater density than the liquid phase.

b.has a lower density than the liquid phase.

c. occupies the same volume as the liquid phase.

d.occupies a smaller volume than the liquid phase.

e.weighs more than the same volume of liquid water.

The transfer of water from the atmosphere

to the oceans to the continents is known as

the:

a.closed cycle.

b.geologic cycle.

c.hydrobiological cycle.

d.hydrologic cycle.

e.meteorological cycle

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

a.density decreases.

b.heat capacity decreases.

c.residence time increases.

d.residence time decreases.

e.residence time does not change.

A rapid change in ocean temperature with

change in depth is the:

a.barocline.

b.halocline.

c.isocline.

d.pycnocline.

e.thermocline.

A rapid change in ocean density with

change in depth is the:

a.barocline.

b.halocline.

c.isocline.

d.pycnocline.

e.thermocline.

Heat must be ___________ to break

hydrogen bonds.

a. added

b. removed

c. remain unchanged

d. none of the above

________ heat capacity and ___________

latent heats of water moderate changes in

temperature.

a. high, high

b. high, low

c. low, low

d. low, high

Ice is less dense than water because_____________________________.

a. arrangement of molecules in atomic structure

b. water reaches maximum density at 00C

c. salinity is reached through latent heat of condensation

d. hypersaline waters are reach maximum density at 00C

Substances with ______________

residence times are ______________ and

have higher concentrations in seawater.

a. long, unreactive

b. long, reactive

c. short, unreactive

d. short, reactive

The Rappahannock River with an average

salinity less than 33 ppt would be

considered ______________.

a. brackish

b. hypersaline

c. normally salinity for rivers

d. none of the above

Substances dissolved in seawater that

change slowly through time or are in

constant proportions are______________ .

a. conservative constituents

b. nonconservative constituents

c. bipolar constituents

d. polar constituents

The amount of gas in seawater depends on

pressure, ______________, and ability to

escape to the atmosphere.

a. temperature

b. salinity

c. acidity

d. alkalinity

Two common non-conservative constituents

are _______ and ___________.

a. O2 and CO2

b. O2 and H2O

c. CO2 and N2

d. CO2 and H2O

Dissolved substances are added to the

oceans primarily by ______________.

a. rivers

b. precipitation

c. condensation

d. percolation

Which of the following does NOT remove

dissolved substances from the oceans?

a. salt spray

b. recycling through mid-ocean ridges

c. biogenic sediments

d. evaporates

e. condensation

__________ seawater and ____________

seawater can hold ____________ dissolved

gas.

a. cooler, deeper, more

b. cooler, deeper, less

c. warmer, shallow, more

d. warmer, deeper, more

In surface oceans, O2 concentration is high

due to ____________________.

a. photosynthesis

b. dissolution

c. carbonation

d. decomposition

e. respiration

Below the photic zone, O2 concentration

decreases due to __________________.

a. decomposition and respiration

b. photosynthesis and respiration

c. carbonation and dissolution

d. respiration and carbonation

In surface oceans, CO2 concentration is low

because it is used in _________________.

a. photosynthesis

b. dissolution

c. carbonation

d. decomposition

e. respiration

Below the photic zone, CO2 concentration

increases due to ____________________.

a. decomposition and respiration

b. photosynthesis and respiration

c. carbonation and dissolution

d. respiration and carbonation

Acid releases a(n) ________ ion when

dissolved in water.

a. O-

b. Cl-

c. He

d. Na+

e. H+

What system keeps the pH of seawater

about the same?

a. carbonate buffering system

b. respiration recycling system

c. photosynthesis system

d. decomposition and respiration system

Which of the following does not decrease

salinity of the oceans?

a. evaporation

b. precipitation

c. runoff

d. melting ice

Which of the following causes salinity at the

equator to be low?

a. rain

b. evaporation

c. formation of sea ice

d. none of the above