Chapter 6 RAD Guide
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Transcript of Chapter 6 RAD Guide
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Chapter 6 RAD GuideApril 22, 2023
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Provide an example of a predator & a prey.•Predator: lion, coyote•Prey: zebra, sheep
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What’s the connection between population sizes of predators & their prey?
•Large population of prey can support more predators
•If prey population grows or shrinks, affects predator population
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What’s the relationship between a parasite & it’s host? How are populations similar?
•Parasite depends on host for food and “shelter”
•Large host population can support more parasites (thrive in crowded host population)
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Describe each type of symbiotic relationship & give example of each.1. Parasitism: one organism feeds off
anothera. Example: tapeworm and human
2. Commensalism: benefits one species and does not harm or help the other
a. Example: barnacle on a whale3. Mutualism: both species benefit
a. Example: flower and insect
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VOCABULARY1. Predator:2. Prey:3. Parasitism:4. Symbiosis: any relationship in which two
species live closely together
See notes above for definition!
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Describe primary succession.•Sequence of communities forming in an
originally lifeless habitat
Bare rock Lichens Soil
Grasses Trees w/shallow roots Hardwood Forest
(ex. Pine Trees)
1 2 3
4 5 6
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How is a pioneer community different than a climax community?•Pioneer community is the first community to colonize a new area
•Climax community is a final community that does not undergo succession
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Describe secondary succession.•Succession occurs where a disturbance eliminates most organisms but does NOT destroy the soil
•Like steps 4-6 in primary successionGrasses Trees w/shallow roots Hardwood Forest
(ex. Pine Trees)
4 5 6
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Contrast primary & secondary succession. •Primary succession occurs in environment that’s very low in nutrients
•Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance destroys community, but leaves the soil unharmed
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What’s the sequence of ecological succession in a lake?
(1)Reeds/water plants grow near shore (2)Starts to fill with sediment (3)Water plants grow on surface (4)Full of sediment (5)Marsh (6)Land plants (7)Meadow …. (8) Forest
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What is the sequence of ecological succession on an island?•Bare island …•similar to primary succession on land, but species must come from ancestors carried by:▫Water▫Wind▫Other organisms
because island surrounded by water
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Explain the concept of ecosystem stability.•Ecosystems exist in a state of equilibrium. If an event causes changes, the ecosystem will balance itself back out.
•Some disruptions destroy whole ecosystems however.
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How is stability measured in an ecosystem?•Measured by a pattern of energy flow and nutrient cycling
•Evolutionary, food-web, and
abiotic environmental
changes
vs.
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What factors contribute to the stability of the ecosystem?1. Abiotic and biotic factors2. Community structure3. More connections in a food web
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What is chaos theory?•Chaos theory is one way to try to predict how changes in an ecosystem affect another part▫Similar to Butterfly Effect
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What is a biome?•Major type of ecosystem with distinctive temp, rainfall, and organisms
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Name & describe 8 major land biomes.•Desert
▫>250mm rain per yr
▫25o -40o N + S latitude
▫High temp during day
▫Cold at night
•Tundra▫>250mm rain per
yr▫60o N and above
latitude▫Permafrost=froze
n soil▫Very cold yr
round
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•Coniferous Forest (Taiga)▫300-500mm rain
per yr▫45o -57o N
latitudes▫Cool summer,
cold winter
•Deciduous Forest▫600-2500mm
rainfall per yr▫30o N-60o N
latitude▫Mild winter, warm
summer
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•Grassland▫250-600mm rain
per yr▫30o N – 50o N and
30o S – 40o S latitude
▫Wet, warm summer
▫Cold, dry winter
•Chaparral (Shrubland)▫300-750mm rain
per yr▫32o -40o N + S
latitude▫Dry fall, summer,
spring▫Wet winter
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•Savanna▫900-1500mm rain
per yr▫10o N – 30o S
latitude▫Hot yr round▫Wet and dry
seasons
•Rainforest▫2000-2500mm
rain per yr▫20o N – 20o S
latitude▫Temp and
humidity high year round