Chapter 6 Power and the National State: The Traditional Structure.
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Transcript of Chapter 6 Power and the National State: The Traditional Structure.
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Chapter 6
Power and the National State:The Traditional Structure
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State
• Units of government that exercise legal authority over a specific territory and the people in it and that recognize no legitimate higher authority.
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State
• States share all or most of the following 6 characteristics:
1.Sovereignty2.Territory3.Population4.Diplomatic recognition5.Internal Organization6.Domestic support
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Sovereignty
• Most important characteristic of state• Means states have supreme legal
authority• Sovereignty different from independence
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Territory
• Physical boundaries• Disputes over borders can and do exist
(example: Israel)
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Population
• People• Range from 921 inhabitants (Vatican
City) to 1.3 billion (China)• With growth of NGOs and IGOs, issue of
who to count in populations
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Diplomatic Recognition
• Recognition of state by existing states • A lack of recognition even by a majority
does not mean state is not a state• Only states can fully participate in the
international system• Economic issues
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Internal Organization
• States must have some level of political and economic structure.
• Failed states and conflict may not end state status (examples: Sierra Leone, Afghanistan)
• Transitional governments
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Domestic Support
• Social Contract• People give legitimacy
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Purposes of the State
1. Individual Betterment2. Security3. Basic Rights (see John Locke and Thomas
Hobbes)4. Domestic Tranquility
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National Power
• Power is hard to define• Power is key determinant in
international system Power is goal
• Balance of Power=current distribution of power
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Power
• Asset as well as goal• Types of Power1.Hard Power: rests on negative incentives
(threats) and on positive incentives (inducements)
2.Soft Power: ability to persuade others to follow by leading a good example
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Measuring Power
• Difficult b/c of intangibles• Size issue• Attempts to measure continue
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Characteristics of Power
1. Dynamics—power in flux, cycles, balance of power, internal conditions
2. Absolute vs. Relative power3. Power as Capacity and Will4. Objective and Subjective5. Situational
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Political Organizations:Theories of Governance
Authoritarian: A type of restrictive government where people are under the rule of an individual, such as a dictator or king, or a group, such as a party or military junta
Theocracy: Rules by spiritual leaders (authoritarian)
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Theories of Governance
• Monarchism: One form of secular authoritarianism, although the theory that God has granted kings divine to govern touches upon idea of theocracy
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Theories of Governance
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Theories of Governance
• Fascism: Ideology that advocates extreme nationalism, with a heightened sense of national belonging or ethnic identity (authoritarian)
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Theories of Governance
• Democracy: concept of modern liberalism—basic concept describes the ideology of a body governed by and for the people
• Democratic Peace Theory: Spread of Democracy = peace
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National Diplomacy• Direct Diplomatic Application of Power:
includes the use of economic sanction or inducements as well as threatening/offering them.
• Indirect Diplomatic Application of Power: more subtle; involves a communications process of a state skillfully advancing its policy preferences, arguing the merits of its position.
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National Diplomacy
• Examples:1.US-North Korea Confrontation over nuclear
weapons program2.China-Taiwan tensions3.Afghanistan and the United States4.US and Iraq
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Diplomacy
• Ever-evolving process• Expansion of geographic scope• Bilateral and multilateral diplomacy (number
of countries involved)• Leader-to-Leader diplomacy (example:
summits)• Democratized diplomacy (legislatures, interest
groups, public opinion involved)
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Newer Types of Diplomacy
• Parliamentary Diplomacy: includes debate and voting in IGOs as a supplement to negotiation and compromise.
• Open diplomacy: process widely reported and contents of international agreements widely documented.
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Diplomacy
• Public Diplomacy: process of creating an image that enhances a country’s ability to achieve diplomatic success by increasing its soft power. (get support of the people if not the govt)
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Conduct of DiplomacyTypes of Diplomacy
• Communications process
• Direct Negotiations• Indirect Negotiations• High – Level• Low – Level• By Word• By Deed
• Coercion • Rewards• Precise• Vague• Linking Issues or not• Maximizing or
minimizing issues at hand
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Role of States
• Examine trends in IGOs and NGOs• How will world look in 100 years? 50?
25? • National interests