Chapter 6 Phases, Tools, and Techniques Chapter 6 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Phases, Tools, and Techniques.
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Transcript of Chapter 6 Phases, Tools, and Techniques Chapter 6 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Phases, Tools, and Techniques.
Chapter 6Chapter 6 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
Phases, Tools, and TechniquesPhases, Tools, and Techniques
Chapter 6Chapter 6 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
Phases, Tools, and TechniquesPhases, Tools, and Techniques
STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC) tracks a wealth of information
• Unfortunately, most of that information is stored in separate IT systems that do not communicate with each other
SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
• The CDC is using a service-oriented architecture (SoA) to integrate all those systems and information
INTRODUCTION
• Information systems are the support structure for meeting the company’s strategies and goals
• Why new systems are created:
INTRODUCTION
• When developing a new system, you have 3 “who” choices…1. Insourcing
2. Selfsourcing
3. Outsourcing
CHAPTER ORGANIZATION
1. Insourcing and the SDLC
2. Component-Based Development
3. Selfsourcing
4. Prototyping
5. Outsourcing
INSOURCING AND THE SDLC
• Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
• Also called a waterfall methodology
SDLC Phases & Major Activities
SDLC as a Waterfall Methodology
Phase 1: Planning
• Planning phase
• Three primary planning activities:
1. Define the system to be developed
Phase 1: Planning
2. Set the project scope• Project scope
• Scope creep
• Feature creep
• Project scope document
Phase 1: Planning
3. Develop the project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes• Project plan
• Project manager
• Project milestones
Phase 1: Planning
Sample Project Plan
Phase 2: Analysis
• Analysis phase
Phase 2: Analysis• Two primary analysis activities:
1. Gather the business requirements• Business requirements
• Joint application development (JAD)
Phase 2: Analysis
2. Prioritize the requirements• Requirements definition document
Phase 2: Analysis
Take time during analysis to get the business requirements correct. If you find errors, fix them immediately. The cost to fix an error in the early stages of the SDLC is relatively small. In later stages, the cost is huge.
Phase 3: Design
• Design phase
• Two primary design activities:
1. Design the technical architecture • Technical architecture
Phase 3: Design
2. Design system models
• Starting with design, you take on less of an active participation role and act more as a “quality control” function, ensuring that the IT people are designing a system to meet your needs
Phase 4: Development
• Development phase
• Two primary development activities:
Phase 5: Testing
• Testing phase
• Two primary testing activities:
1. Write the test conditions
Phase 5: Testing
2. Perform the testing of the system• Unit testing• System testing
• Integration testing
• User acceptance testing (UAT)
Phase 6: Implementation
• Implementation phase
• Two primary implementation activities1. Write detailed user documentation
Phase 6: Implementation
2. Provide training for the system users• Online training
• Workshop training
Phase 6: Implementation
• Choose the right implementation method– Parallel implementation
– Plunge implementation
– Pilot implementation
– Phased implementation
Phase 7: Maintenance
• Maintenance phase
• Two primary maintenance activities:
1. Build a help desk to support the system users
2. Provide an environment to support system changes
COMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENT
• The SDLC focuses only on the project at hand
• Component-based development (CBD)
• CBD focuses on
Component-Based Development Methodologies
• Rapid application development (RAD)• Extreme programming (XP)• Agile methodology
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
• Rapid application development (RAD) (also called rapid prototyping) –
Prototypes are models of the software components
• The development team continually designs, develops, and tests the component prototypes until they are finished
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Build new software
components
Use already-existing software
components
Extreme Programming (XP)
• Extreme programming (XP)
Agile Methodology
• Agile methodology
SoA – An Architecture Perspective
• Service-oriented architecture (SoA)
• All CBD methodologies adhere to an SoA• Services are the same as components,
which are the same as small self-contained blocks of code
• More in Chapter 7
SELFSOURCING
• Selfsourcing (end-user development)
Selfsourcing Approach
Selfsourcing Approach
Selfsourcing Advantages
Selfsourcing Disadvantages
The Right Tool for the Job
• End users must have development tools that:
PROTOTYPING
• Prototype
• Prototyping
– Proof-of-concept prototype
– Selling prototype
The Prototyping Process
• The prototyping process involves four steps:
The Prototyping Process
Advantages of Prototyping
Disadvantages of Prototyping
OUTSOURCING
• Outsourcing
OUTSOURCING
• The main reasons behind the rapid growth of the outsourcing industry include the following:
Outsourcing Options
• IT outsourcing for software development can take one of four forms:
Outsourcing Options
Outsourcing Process
Outsourcing Process
When outsourcing, you’ll develop two vitally important documents – a request for proposal and a service level
agreement
Outsourcing – RFP
• Request for proposal (RFP)
Outsourcing – SLA
• Service level agreement (SLA)
Outsourcing Options
• There are three different forms of outsourcing:1. Onshore outsourcing
2. Nearshore outsourcing
3. Offshore outsourcing
Offshore Outsourcing
• Primary outsourcing countries are:– India– China– Eastern Europe (including Russia)– Ireland– Israel– Philippines
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing
• Advantages
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing
• Disadvantages